The endocrine glands nke ahụ mmadụ: anatomofiziologicheskie e ji mara na ọtọ uru

Regulation nke ọrụ na-akwado ndị dị mkpa ọrụ nke ahụ mmadụ, a na-enweta abụọ fundamentally dị iche iche. First - nke a bụ humoral usoro nke akara, nke bụ na mbụ, ma ọ bụrụ na anyị na-enyocha bughi na ọtọ ọcha nke ahụ mmadụ na okwu nke phylogenetic development. Nke abụọ usoro bụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-agbanwe na ndị ọzọ na-anabata mgbanwe ndị na-ahụ ọnọdụ. Nke a ụjọ na-atụ ụkpụrụ, ọdịdị zuru oke nke nke na-ebelata ka mgbazi ọrụ metụtara visceral na elu na-aghọ nkọ, ma mmetụta nke humoral akpata bụ mmeghachi omume nke ọgụgụ akwara mbufe ozi na ụmụ irighiri ihe si ihe nnabata cell okụre ke iche akụkụ. Ebe mgbaàmà nnyefe a rụrụ site ndu irighiri, njikọ nke nke bụ ugbu ke idem endocrine gland. Ha secrete bekee nwere ike agbasa site n'ọbara ka a na-anya si gland na mmetụta n'okpuru akara nke ọchịchị.

Endocrine glands: Ọdịdị humoral iwu usoro

The ọrụ maka ziri ezi na ime ihe niile usoro na akụkụ nke nwoke na-eburu ụbụrụ, nke bụ n'elu center nke nyochasịrị abata ozi na saịtị nke njikọ nke n'ókè zitere site lekwasịrị mkpụrụ ndụ n'elu abụọ na usoro. Ma ọ bụrụ na ụjọ na-atụ mmetụta na-dọgburu site multiple njikọ na a raara onwe ya nye ụdị ákwà, na humoral aposredstvenno ghọtara ruru ka ibufe bioactive ụmụ irighiri ike rụọ ọrụ ihe nnabata okụre na mkpụrụ ndụ nke lekwasịrị akụkụ. Na nke a, na endocrine glands mere ndokwa na a n'ụzọ pụrụ iche, na nke a bụ fundamentally dị iche iche si exocrine. Firstly, exocrine glands secrete ha irighiri si, ya bụ, n'ime gburugburu ebe obibi. Nke a chọrọ pụrụ iche excretory ducts, nke nwere endocrine gland secretory mkpụrụ ndụ nke ẹduọk homonụ kpọmkwem n'ime n'ọbara.

Ọ dị mkpa na elu center humoral ụkpụrụ bụ na ụbụrụ, ya bụ hypothalamus. Ya glandular anụ ahụ nke nural si synthesizes statins, egbochi njikọ nke pituitary homonụ, na liberiny na megidere modulate ọrụ ya. Site na nke a bidirectional mmetụta enweta akara nke ọrụ gafee usoro endocrine ahụ glands. N'ihi ya mmiri ọgwụ ụkpụrụ nke ọzọ center ọrụ bụ pituitary - Ọdịdị, bụ banyere 20 ugboro nta karịa hypothalamus, ma anamde dị otú ahụ dị mkpa ọrụ. Ọ bụkwa ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na ndị dị otú a obere gland anamde njikọ nke macromolecular ogige ke nnukwu quantities, nke na-akpọ homonụ, mgbe elu-larịị Ọdịdị na-arụpụta nanị statin na liberinami na-nnọọ mfe chemical Ọdịdị, dị ka bụ a dipeptide.

The ọzọ endocrine gland nanị achịkwa ndị pituitary na secretion okirikiri na-adabere na ọrụ njikọ nke tropic homonụ. N'ihi ya ọzọ neurohypophysis synthesized na ADH usoro iwu reabsorption nke mmiri ụmụ irighiri na akụrụ obon ducts nke nephrons, na oxytocin, na-elekọta eriri akpa nwa contractions n'oge ọrụ, na mammary glands nke mmiri ara ehi secretion. Adenohypophysis ma ọ bụ ihu n'ọnụ ọnụ nke prostate akara uto nke organism Filiks okirikiri secretion nke thyroid homonụ , site decarboxylation na adrenal medulla, njikọ nke steroid homonụ na adrenal cortex.

Dị nnọọ mkpa akụkụ maka ụmụ mmadụ bụ ndị pancreas na gonads. Dị ka ya Ọdịdị na ọrụ - ọ bụ a mbuaha gland secretion ụdị, ie ha nwere a ahụ na saịtị, ụfọdụ n'ime ndị na endocrine secretion ụdị, na nke abụọ - eccrine. N'ihi ya gonads ekenyela izizi mkpụrụ ndụ na gburugburu ebe obibi, homonụ ma igba kpọmkwem n'ime ọbara. N'ihi ya endocrine ọrụ nke pancreas synthesize ebelata glucagon, insulin na somatostatin, exocrine - a njikọ amylases na peptidases maka mgbaze ke 12 duodenum. N'ihi na anyịnya, kpọmkwem ka nke gonads - ya exocrine na endocrine gland n'out oge.