The cell mgbidi na ya ọrụ na osisi cell ọrụ

The cell mgbidi mejupụtara a isiike na oké akpụkpọ emi odude ke cytoplasmic akpụkpọ ahụ. Nke a mmewere bụ ihe e ji mara maka mkpụrụ ndụ nke nje bacteria, dịkwa ka usoro ha na osisi. Na mgbakwunye na-echebe mkpụrụ ndụ, anamde a ike shei na a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị ọzọ dịkwa mkpa ọrụ.

Cell mgbidi: ozi izugbe

The cell mgbidi nke ọ bụla ahụ nwere ọtụtụ atụmatụ. Ihe atụ, na bacteria na ọ mejupụtara nnoo nke murein. Na mberede, ndị nje pụta na-kewara abụọ ụdị - gram-nti na-gram-adịghị mma - n'ihi na peculiarities nke isiike casing Ọdịdị. Nke a na-ekpebi ha uche na ọgwụ nje.

Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-ekwu banyere cell mgbidi dịkwa ka usoro ha, ha na isi mmiri na-ahụta glucans na chitin. Ma algae shei nwere ike iso ndị dị iche iche polysaccharides - ukwuu n'ime glucose na ya ogige. Na mberede, ndị mejupụtara nke cell mgbidi algae dị ezigbo mkpa taxa. Ọ bụ uru na-echeta na banyere otu ìgwè nke diatoms, onye nnọchiteanya synthesize ha mgbidi silica.

The cell mgbidi nke osisi na ya na ọrụ

Principles of isiike Ọdịdị nke ahụ cell akpụkpọ ahụ bụ kasị adaba na-amụ ihe atụ nke a osisi cell. Ọ bụ ezie na n'ibu nchedo - nke a bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mkpa cell mgbidi ọrụ, o nwere nnọọ ihe ka ukwuu ọ pụtara:

• Ọ na-enye n'ibu na chemical-eguzogide nke mkpụrụ ndụ;
• egbochi agbawa nke mkpụrụ ndụ na hypotonic ajụ;
• cell mgbidi bụ ion Exchanger, dị ka ọ na-rụrụ site na absorption na ntọhapụ nke ion;
• so na-iga nke organic ogige.

Structure nke cell mgbidi

The osisi mgbidi ekewa atọ isi mmiri: eku, matriks na incrusting bekee.

osisi cell mgbidi etiti mejupụtara cellulose. N'ihi guzobe nke hydrogen agbụ, cellulose ụmụ irighiri na-etolite a ike microfibrils nke na-mikpuru n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi umi, ma ọ bụ matriks.

The matriks nke cell mgbidi bụ banyere 60% nke ya ngụkọta uka. Ọ na-eme na mbara n'etiti microfibrils, na-emepụta ike nkekọ dị n'etiti ndị macromolecules, na-enye ekwedo na ike nke cell Ọdịdị. The isi matriks mmiri bụ hemicellulose na pectin.

• Hemicellulose bụ a polysaccharide, ya Ọdịdị yiri cellulose, ma na mkpumkpu na branched-yinye monomers.
• Pectin na-ezo aka polysaccharides, ma ha mejupụtara na-agụnye remnants nke methyl mmanya. N'ihi guzobere chemical nkekọ na ion nke calcium na magnesium, pectin, so na-guzobere n'etiti efere - ebe abụọ n'akụkụ mkpụrụ ndụ na-interconnected. Itunanya bu na, a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke pectin hụrụ na mkpụrụ osisi.

Encrusting bekee ọtụtụ mgbe na-anọchite anya lignin, nke na-eme ihe 30% site na akọrọ arọ nke cell mgbidi.

• Lignin nwere ike edebe a na-aga n'ihu oyi akwa ma ọ bụ na ụdị dị iche iche ihe - coils, meshes ma ọ bụ yiri mgbaaka. Nke a ihe onwunwe-eme dị ka a cement - ya esetịpụ cellulose emep uta eri ọnụ. Ekele lignification, na cell mgbidi ghọọ ihe na-eguzogide ọgwụ na mmiri ghara ịba n'ime MENE. Site n'ụzọ, na lignin bụ maka na osisi lignification.

Ọtụtụ mgbe, elu elu nke cell akpụkpọ ahụ edebe bekee ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka cutin, suberin na wax.

Suberin na-edebe ke n'ime akụkụ nke cell akpụkpọ ahụ, na-enye suberization usoro. Ndị dị otú ahụ a cell na-aghọ kpamkpam impervious ka mmiri, ya mere, na ya na-ngwa ngwa na-anwụ anwụ, ma na-na-free ohere jupụtara na ikuku.

Isi ọrụ nke a waxy umi na cuticle - bụ iji chebe mkpụrụ ndụ si ọrịa akara, ma mbenata mmiri evaporation etoju.

Anyị nwere ike ikwu na cell mgbidi - a akụkụ dị mkpa nke osisi cell, nke ana achi achi ya nkịtị development.