Osisi osisi bụ akụkụ nke mbụ nke akụkụ ahụ dị ndụ - osisi. O nwere mmiri a na-ahụkarị ka niile eukaryotic ntule: ntọala, cytoplasm, Golgi ngwa, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, lysosomes, microtubules. Otú ọ dị, osisi cell nwere a dị iche - bụ ọnụnọ nke plastids, na vacuole na cellulose mgbidi.
Jikọta akụkụ ahụ niile na ibe ya ma na-etinye aka na metabolism nke usoro ihe ọmụmụ nke pụrụ iche nke mkpụrụ ndụ (cell) - cytoplasm. Ọdịdị nke cytoplasm bụ nnọọ mgbagwoju anya. Ọ bụ ihe ngwọta colloidal multicomponent nwere ike isi na ala si gel pụọ. N'otu oge ahụ, ụlọnga nile jupụtara na filaments protein, nke na-emepụta cytoskeleton nke usoro ahụ. Ihe mejupụtara ya gụnyere mmiri, nke na-akpata 60 ruo 90% nke ngụkọta zuru oke, protein (10-20%) na lipids (ruo 23%), tinyere ihe ndị dị na organic na nke inorganic. Ọrụ nke cytoplasm n'ime ndụ ndụ dị elu:
- Ọ bụ usoro nke mmeghachi omume nke mmiri mere;
- Na-ekere òkè na metabolism;
- Na-akwado turgor na thermoregulation;
- Na-arụ ọrụ nkwado, na-enyere mkpụrụ ndụ ahụ aka idebe ya.
Mmetụta dị na mkpụrụ ndụ nke ọkara na-arụ ọrụ site na sel na mpụga na ihe - okpomọkụ, ìhè, na ikuku mejupụtara, nke mmiri. Ihe a niile na-emetụta mmegharị nke cytoplasm, nke ọ na-ebi na mgbe niile. N'ihi mmeghari nke ngwakọta colloidal na nri (oxygen, ATP, wdg), otu unit nke ahụ dị ndụ dị. Ọrụ dị mkpa nke cell na-arụzu site na njikọta usoro nhazi. Power bi ahụ bughi unit emee n'oge Biochemical Jeremaya mere, dapụtara na inorganic bekee na-agbanwe ghọọ organic. Na - eme ka mkpụrụ osisi ahụ dị ọkụ na ikuku oxygen, bụ nke e guzobere n'oge oxidation nke ihe dị mgbagwoju anya - carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids. N'otu oge, n'oge iku ume, njikọ na ntọhapụ nke ume dị mkpa iji kwado ndụ na-eme. Osisi osisi na-eto site n'ịgbatị Mgbidi cellulose na iwelie olu nke cytoplasm na vacuoles.
Ihe niile a dị mkpa na-emetụta akụkụ ahụ, ihe kachasị mkpa bụ ịmepụta ngwaahịa ọhụrụ, nkwụsị ha n'ime ihe ndị dị ntakịrị, iwepụ ihe ndị na-ere ere site na cell ma ọ bụ na-edebe ihe n'ụdị idobe. Mwepu nke na-enweghị isi nkeji emee site na cell mgbidi, mgbe na-akpụ akpụ, iwu (guzobere) nke ọhụrụ owuwu a rụrụ site ije nke cytoplasm.
Otu ihe dị mkpa nke mkpụrụ ndụ bụ ike ha ịba ụba site na nkewa. Nsonazụ nke usoro a bụ ịmepụta ụmụ nwanyị abụọ nke usoro ihe dị ndụ nke nwere ụdị chromosomes yiri nne na nna.
Ya mere, osisi osisi bụ obere akụkụ ahụ nke anụ ahụ, ọ na-azụ, na-eku ume, na-emeghachi omume, na-etolite ma na-amụba, na cytoplasm na akụkụ ndị a na-emikpu n'ime ya na-etinye aka na metabolism.