Ọdịdị nke ahụ n'aka na nkwojiaka. The anatomical Ọdịdị nke ahụ n'aka

A nlezianya tụlee Ọdịdị nke ahụ n'aka, nakwa dị ka ọ bụla ọzọ na ngalaba nke anyị nweekwa usoro, bụ kama mgbagwoju anya. Ọ mejupụtara atọ isi owuwu: ọkpụkpụ, uru ahụ na akwara njikọ na jide ọkpụkpụ. The ahịhịa nwere atọ nkewa, ya bụ, nkwojiaka, mkpịsị aka na pastern.

N'isiokwu a, anyị ga-atụle ahịhịa: Ọdịdị, mọzụlụ, nkwonkwo n'aka. Ka anyị na-amalite na a nkọwa nke ọkpukpu-ya ngalaba dị iche iche.

carpal ọkpụkpụ

Ebe ọ bụ na aka nwere ime ezi ezi na mgbagwoju anya ije, ọkpụkpụ Ọdịdị nke ahụ n'aka nwekwara nnọọ ike. Nkwojiaka - 8 obere ọkpukpu nke oge ufodu udi, mere ndokwa na ahịrị abụọ. Na mbiet n'okpuru ị pụrụ ịhụ Ọdịdị nke ahụ n'aka nri.

The proximal articular elu nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke iche-iche, na a convex okirikiri. Ọ mejupụtara nke ọkpụkpụ, agụta nke ise na isi mkpịsị aka: pisiform, zita, semilunar na elu akpụ ụkwụ. Next n'usoro - distal. Ọ na ejikọ na proximal nkwonkwo nke oge ufodu udi. The distal n'usoro mejupụtara anọ ọkpụkpụ: trapezoidal, polygonal, capitate na hamate.

pastern ọkpụkpụ

Nke a ngalaba na-emi esịnede tubular 5 metacarpal ọkpụkpụ, na-egosipụtakwa na mgbagwoju anya Ọdịdị nke ahụ n'aka. Ọkpụkpụ nke ogologo ọkpụkpụ bụ mgbagwoju. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ha nwere ahụ, a isi na a n'isi. Metacarpal ọkpụkpụ 1st mkpịsị aka bụ mkpumkpu karịa ndị ọzọ na bụ oke. The abụọ metacarpal ọkpụkpụ - fọdụrụ n'ezinụlọ. Ndị ọzọ na-na-ebelata ke ogologo dị ka anya si mbụ na nso ọnu n'ikpere aka. Grounds maka n'elu pastern ọkpụkpụ ikpoputa na ọkpukpu akpụ nkwojiaka. The mbụ na nke ise metacarpals ndị ruru eru na articular ebupụta na sadulu shapes, ebe ndị ọzọ - ewepụghị. Bits metacarpal ọkpụkpụ nwere articular elu (hemispherical) articulated na proximal mkpịsị aka phalanges.

mkpịsị aka ọkpụkpụ

Onye ọ bụla na mkpịsị aka, ma e wezụga ndị mbụ, nke bụ nanị abụọ phalanges na nwere nkezi, e nwere 3 phalanx: distal, proximal na n'etiti (n'etiti). The kasị nso - distal; Proximal - fọdụrụ n'ezinụlọ. Na ngwụsị nwere a isi nke phalanx, na proximal - ntọala ya.

Sesamoid ọkpụkpụ ahịhịa

Na ime nke akaị, ma e wezụga ndị ọkpụkpụ nwere sesamoid ewekarị n'etiti proximal phalanx nke mkpịsị aka na ya metacarpal ọkpụkpụ. E nwekwara ndị na-abụghị na-adịgide adịgide sesamoid ọkpụkpụ. Ha na-emi odude n'etiti proximal phalanx nke ise na nke abụọ na mkpịsị aka na metacarpal ọkpụkpụ. Abụkarị sesamoid ọkpụkpụ emi odude ke palmar n'elu. Ma, mgbe ụfọdụ, ha nwere ike ịchọta na azụ. Pisiform ọkpụkpụ a na-eduzi ndị na n'elu ele. Sesamoid ọkpụkpụ na ha Filiks enwekwu ubu muscle ike, mmasị ha.

Anyị enyocha Ọdịdị nke ahụ n'aka na nkwojiaka ọkpụkpụ, ugbu a anyị na-ligamentous ngwa.

nkwojiaka nkwonkwo

Ọ mejupụtara radial ọkpụkpụ na proximal Ahịrị nke carpal ọkpụkpụ: zita, semilunar na elu akpụ ụkwụ. The ulna na-complemented na articular diski na anaghị akpọ ndị na-nkwojiaka nkwonkwo. Isi ọrụ ke guzobere n'ikpere aka na-arụ a ulnar ọkpụkpụ. Mgbe nkwojiaka - doo ya. Nkwojiaka nkwonkwo ke udi - elliptical. Ọ bụ omume mgbatị, adduction ahịhịa, flexion na ndọtị. Obere n'ezinụlọ rotational ije (10-12 degrees) na-na-ekwe omume na nke a na nkwonkwo, ma a rụrụ ekele ekwedo nke articular cartilage. Site na adụ anụ ahụ na-adị mfe ịchọpụta nchawa nke nkwojiaka nkwonkwo, nke bụ detectable na ulnar na radial n'akụkụ. Na n'ikpere aka nwere ike na-asọgharị ìsì trihedral ezumike n'etiti ọkpụkpụ na ulna isi. Na radial n'akụkụ - ọdịiche dị n'etiti ndị malleoli na mpụta ulnar styloid.

Movement nke nkwojiaka nkwonkwo njikọ chiri anya na-arụ ọrụ srednezapyastnogo nkwonkwo dị n'agbata distal na proximal ahịrị. Ya elu na-mgbagwoju anya oge ufodu udi. Mgbe flexion na ndọtị agagharị olu esịmde 85 degrees. Ibenata mmasi nke ahịhịa na n'elu nkwonkwo esịmde 40 degrees mgbatị - 20. The nkwojiaka nkwonkwo nwere ike-ata circumduction, i.e. okirikiri ngagharị.

Nke a na nkwonkwo a sikwuo ike site ọtụtụ akwara. Ha na-emi odude n'etiti onye ọkpụkpụ, nakwa dị ka mpụta, medial, na azụ nke palmar elu nke nkwojiaka. Nnochianya ọgọdọ (okirikiri na ulna) egwu ndị kasị mkpa. Na ulnar na radial n'akụkụ nke flexor retinakulum dị n'etiti elevations nke ọkpụkpụ - a pụrụ iche ụyọkọ. N'ezie, ọ na-adịghị emetụta n'aka nkwonkwo, ka ndim nke fascia. Retinakulum flexor nkwojiaka furrow amama n'ime kanaal, nke na akwado etiti akwara na akwara nke flexor digitorum. Anyị na-anọgide na-akọwa Mmebe n'aka.

Carpometacarpal nkwonkwo

Ha na-ewepụghị, ha na-adịghị ejekwa ozi. Ewezụga bụ nkwonkwo nke isi mkpịsị aka. Nso nke ngagharị carpometacarpal nkwonkwo - dịghị ihe karịrị 5-10 degrees. Ha ejedebeghị agagharị, t. Iji. The akwara na-ọma mepụtara. Emi odude ke palmar elu, ha na-etolite a ufọk ufene palmar akwara njikọ ejikọta n'etiti a metacarpal ọkpụkpụ na nkwojiaka. E na ahịhịa arcuate ọgọdọ, na mpụta na radial. Capitatum bụ Central ka ụdọ, ọ nwetara a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke akwara. Palmar mepụtara nnọọ mma karịa n'azụ. N'azụ akwara njikọ jikọọ ọkpụkpụ nke nkwojiaka. Ha na-etolite a ndim capsules nke na-ntekwasa na nkwonkwo n'etiti ndị a ọkpụkpụ. Intercostals na-dị na nke abụọ n'ahịrị nke carpal ọkpụkpụ.

The isi mkpịsị aka carpometacarpal nkwonkwo na-kpụrụ a isi nke mbụ metacarpal ọkpụkpụ na polygonal. The articular ebupụta bụ sadulu udi. Nke a na nkwonkwo nwere ike igosi na-esonụ omume: mgbatị, adduction, reposition (retrograde ngagharị), mmegide (mmegide) na circumduction (Roundabout). Volume ịghọta mmegharị, n'ihi na eziokwu na mkpịsị aka ukwu na-emegide ndị ọzọ nile, a na-ukwuu ụba. 45-60 degrees nke agagharị carpometacarpal nkwonkwo nke isi mkpịsị aka mgbatị na n'elu actuation, na n'oge nlọghachi ije na iche - 35-40.

Ọdịdị nke ahụ n'aka: metacarpophalangeal nkwonkwo

A na-akpọ nkwonkwo na-guzobere ahịhịa isi metacarpals na òkè nke ihe-ndọkwasi nke proximal phalanges. Ha bụ * Tụkwasị na, nwere atọ ibe perpendicular anyu adiana gburugburu nke na Mgbati flexion, mgbatị na adduction, nakwa dị ka okirikiri ngagharị (circumduction). Ịzụlite na esi kpọpụ mmadụ nile kwere omume na 45-50 degrees na flexion na ndọtị - na 90-100. Ndị a na nkwonkwo nwere nnochianya akwara na n'akụkụ, nke na-ewusi ha. Palmar ma ọ bụ extensions bụ a palmar n'akụkụ nke Capsule. Ha akwara ji ekpuchi na emep uta eri nke miri emi transverse ọgọdọ na-egbochi ndị divergence na dị iche iche n'akụkụ abụọ nke ndị isi metacarpal ọkpụkpụ.

Interphalangeal nkwonkwo aka

Ha trochlear udi na ha axis nke adiana ịgbatị transversely. Extension na flexion kwere omume na ndị a na iji akara. The proximal interphalangeal nkwonkwo nwere a olu nke flexion na ndọtị, hà 110-120 degrees, distal - 80-90. Interphalangeal nkwonkwo nke ọma sikwuo ike site nnochianya ọgọdọ.

Synovial na fibrous n'ọbọ nke akwara nke mkpịsị aka

Mgbatị retinakulum, nakwa dị ka flexor retinakulum, ekere òkè dị mkpa na-ewusi ike ọnọdụ nke muscle akwara agafe n'okpuru. Nke a bụ eziokwu karịsịa mgbe na-arụ ọrụ aka: ya ndọtị na flexion. Nature bu n'obi Ọdịdị bụ nnọọ eru aka. Akwara na n'elu-e kwuru support na njikọ na n'ime elu-ya nile. Nkewa nke akwara si ọkpụkpụ iji gbochie tie. Nke a na-enye ohere maka ọzụzụ kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ na-arụ ọrụ na ike muscle mkpi idi a ọtụtụ nsogbu.

Mbelata esemokwu na ileghara nke akwara inyịme si aka na ahịhịa, na-eme pụrụ iche akwara azụ, nke bụ ọkpụkpụ-fibrotic ma ọ bụ fibrotic ọwa. Ha bụ synovial n'ọbọ. The ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị ukwuu (6-7) bụ n'okpuru mgbatị retinakulum. Okirikiri na ulna nwere grooves nke dakọtara na ọnọdụ nke muscle akaị. Nakwa dị ka a na-akpọ fibrous webs nke ikewapụ na ọwa onye ọ bụla ọzọ na-akpọ ndị na ọkpụkpụ nke mgbatị retinakulum.

Palmar synovial n'ọbọ bụ flexor akwara nke mkpịsị aka na aka. Total synovial ikpu n'ebe ndị center nke nkwụ na esịmde distal phalanx nke ise mkpịsị aka. Ebe a na-akwara nke elu elu na nke miri emi flexor digitorum. The isi mkpịsị aka nwere ogologo flexor akaị emi odude ke synovial ikpu iche na-agafe na a mkpịsị aka ya na a akaị. Synovial n'ọbọ dị n'ọbụ aka gị uru na-efunahụ nke akwara na-aga nke-anọ, abụọ na nke atọ mkpịsị aka. Naanị akaị nke ise mkpịsị aka nwere a synovial n'ọbọ, nke bụ ndọtị nke ngụkọta.

n'aka uru

Na mbiet n'okpuru ị pụrụ ịhụ aka uru. Ọdịdị nke nkwojiaka gosiri na ihe zuru ezu.

The uru n'aka naanị na palmar n'akụkụ. Ha na-ekewa atọ dị iche iche: na-ajụ, nnukwu na obere mkpịsị aka.

Ebe ọ bụ na mkpịsị aka mmegharị achọ oké nkenke, na ahịhịa bụ a dị ịrịba ama ọtụtụ obere uru, nsogbu Ọdịdị nke ahụ n'aka. The uru nke aka nke ọ bụla nke ìgwè dị iche iche na-atụle n'okpuru.

N'etiti ìgwè nke uru ahụ

Ọ na-kpụrụ irighiri-dị ka uru, malite na miri digital flexor akaị na mmasị ka proximal phalanx, ma ọ bụ kama ha bases nke abụọ na nke ise mkpịsị aka, ma ọ bụrụ na anyị na-atụle ihe owuwu nke aka. The uru nke aka nke ndị a na-abịa site na azụ na palmar interosseous, emi odude ke n'etiti ọkpụkpụ nke pastern, mmasị ka isi nke proximal phalanx. The ọrụ nke otu a bụ na ndị a uru na-abuana ke flexion nke proximal phalanges ndị a mkpịsị aka. N'ihi na palmar interossei uru nwere ike mee ka ndị mkpịsị aka na n'etiti mkpịsị aka ahịhịa. Na rearmost intercostals bụ ha ozuzu n'akụkụ.

The uru nke isi mkpịsị aka

Otu a Nleta elu nke isi mkpịsị aka. Ndị a uru na-amalite gburugburu dị nso pastern ọkpụkpụ na nkwojiaka. Ma ihe ndị mkpịsị aka ukwu nke ya obere flexor mmasị nso sesamoid ọkpụkpụ, bụ nke dị nso na isi nke proximal phalanx. Iche na mkpịsị aka ukwu muscle-aga mbụ metacarpal ọkpụkpụ, na-eduga ná mkpịsị aka ukwu bụ ke n'ime sesamoid ọkpụkpụ.

Obere mkpịsị aka uru

Otu a uru Nleta n'ime n'ọbụ aka elu. Ndị a gụnyere: mkpịsị aka nta tọọrọ muscle, iche na Mkpịsị aka nta, obere palmar na obere flexor.

Ha sitere si na gburugburu ọkpụkpụ nkwojiaka. Ndị a uru na-mmasị ka isi nke-ise ụkwụ, ma ọ bụ kama ya proximal phalanx, na-ise metacarpal ọkpụkpụ. Ha ọrụ na-apụta ìhè na aha.

N'isiokwu a anyị na-agbalị kasị n'ụzọ ziri ezi na-anọchi anya Ọdịdị nke ahụ n'aka. Anatomy - ọ bụ a isi sayensị na-achọ, n'ezie, a ọzọ nlezianya na-amụ. Ya mere, ajụjụ ụfọdụ nọgidere unlit. Ọdịdị nke ahụ n'aka na nkwojiaka - a isiokwu nke na-amasị ọ bụghị naanị nke ndị dibịa. Ihe Ọmụma nke ọ dịkwa mkpa ka na-eme egwuregwu, mma andikpep, ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndị ọzọ na-achị ndị mmadụ. Ọdịdị nke ahụ n'aka, dị ka ị chọpụtara na, nnọọ mgbagwoju, na-amụta na ọ pụrụ ịbụ nnọọ a ogologo oge, ịdabere na a dịgasị iche iche nke isi mmalite.