Hagia Sophia ụlọ alakụba na Istanbul

Turkey - omenala otu n'ime kasị gara ala site njem nleta. Turkish Republic - mere nke ọma na-akpọ nke a na obodo - nsogbu tumadi na ndịda-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Europe, na emezughị na Middle East. East, dị ka ị maara, "a siri okwu", ọ mgbe dọtara, kama, kpukpu njem si gburugburu ụwa.

Isi

The obodo kasị ukwuu nke Republic of Turkey - Istanbul, obodo oge ochie, bụbu isi obodo nke Byzantine, Roman, Ottoman na Latin alaeze ukwu.

Istanbul: Hagia Sophia - a ebe bụ uru a nleta

The njem nleta na-abịa ebe a, mgbe mgbe, ajụjụ na-ebilite, ihe na-akpali mmasị ịhụ. Hagia Sophia (St. Sophia) - bụ ihe ụlọ nsọ oge ochie, ndị kasị akpali ileta. Nke a ncheta nke oge ochie ije na akụkọ ihe mere eme n'etiti obodo, na ebe maara dị ka Sultanahmet. Na mbụ, ọ bụ ebe nke Constantinople, nke dị nso Imperial Obí.

Alakụba Hagia Sofia - otu n'ime ndị isi na-adọrọ mmasị nke obodo nke Istanbul (Turkey). Dị ka ị maara, tupu mba ọ e odude Alaeze Ukwu Byzantium, ama maka akwa n'ogo nke omenala. Hagia Sophia bụ si sụgharịa Greek "ndị dị nsọ na amamihe". First ọ bụ Orthodox nna Cathedral, na mgbe ahụ arụ ọrụ nke ụlọ nke ụlọ alakụba (Muslim okpukpe ụlọ), na ugbu a nke a - a ngosi nka, ọnọdụ nke nke ulo nsọ Chineke we ke akpa ọkara nke XX narị afọ, kpọmkwem, na 1935.

The ụlọ nke Hagia Sophia bụ ndị kasị ibu Christian ụka ihe karịrị otu puku afọ, ruo mgbe ndị na-ewu nke St. Peter nnukwu ụlọ ụka Senti (Rome, Italy). Katidral - 55,6 mita, na dayameta nke dome esịmde 31 mita.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke katidral ụlọ

Hagia Sophia e wuru na 324 - 337 afọ na isi ahịa square Augustaion n'okpuru Emperor Constantine Mbụ (dị ka ụfọdụ isi mmalite ndị ọzọ - na Emperor Constantius nke abụọ). First temple bụ nakweere ozizi Arius ( "nakweere ozizi Arius" - onye nke esiri na Christianity na-ekwu kere uwa nwa-chi), mgbe e bufere Christianity Emperor Feodosiy mbụ. Ma ụlọ ahụ ka biri ndụ ogologo oge. Mgbe oge nke na-ewu ewu nsogbu ke 404, katidral e gburu ọkụ. Wuru na ya ebe a ọhụrụ ụka nwekwara ọkụ (415 afọ).

Site na iji nke Theodosius na otu ebe a ọhụrụ nnukwu ụlọ ụka Senti e wuru. Nnukwu ụlọ ụka Senti - a ụdị a owuwu nwere akụkụ anọ na ihe iberibe ọnụ ọgụgụ nke naves (iche iche elu). Ma nke a katidral bibiri ọkụ. Nke a mere n'afọ 532, ma mkpọmkpọ ebe nke ụlọ naanị n'oge gwupụtara na XX narị afọ na ókèala nke katidral.

Mgbe ahụ, na nke atọ ọkụ, na behest nke Emperor Justinian na e elu katidral, nke ugbu a na-agba aha nke Hagia Sophia.

Iwu kacha mma architects na a kpọrọ, ndị na-ama ọtụtụ ahụmahụ na ụdị temple ụlọ. Ha Anfimov Trallsky na Isidor Meletsky. Dị ka akụkọ mgbe ochie, echiche nke architects embody ụbọchị ọ bụla ọzọ karịa iri puku ọrụ!

Na isi obodo nke Constantinople kpọgara ndị kasị mma ihe, marble na ogidi na ụlọ mgbe ochie (ogidi nke ulo nke Sun, na ogidi nke green marble - si Ephesus). N'ezie, ụlọ ahụ ghọrọ ndị kasị baa ọgaranya na kasị temple nke oge. Nke a Ọdịdị na ekemende ghọọ nke ugbu a Hagia Sophia.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Katidral ke Alaeze Ukwu Byzantium

Na akụkọ ihe mere eme oge nke Byzantine n'ógbè Hagia Sophia ugboro ugboro ahụhụ si na ala ọma jijiji mere, dechara na reconstructed. Karịsịa, ọ natara a elu dome. Aka na nkwụsi ike nke mgbidi na-wuru buttresses (ọkà okwu ndị a na ogidi ike na-akwado ha owuwu), na nke a, n'ezie, ịgbanwe echiche nke katidral.

Site na Hagia Sophia na akụkọ ihe mere eme akụkọ mgbe ejikọrọ nkewa nke Christian chọọchị dị iche iche ndị Katọlik na ndị Ọtọdọks, dị ka ọ bụ na ụlọ a na July 1054 Cardinal Humbert nyere Michael Kurullariyu otluchitelnuyu akwụkwọ ozi.

Ruo mgbe 1204 otu n'ime ihu arụsị nke ụlọ nsọ bụ ndị a ma ama Shroud nke Turin, nke, dị ka omenala e ọbọp ndị ahụ Jizọs Kraịst mgbe osisi ịta na ọnwụ.

History mgbe mmeri site Ottoman

Mgbe akụkọ ihe mere eme mmeri site Ottoman ke 1453, Hagia Sophia nwere ịgbanwe okpukpe. Ọ ghọrọ ka Islam, e mmasị na nkuku anọ minarets na ghọọ a na ụlọ alakụba. Dị ka ị maara, ndị Muslim okpukpe dị mkpa n'ekpere na-ezo aka ụlọ nsọ oge ochie nke Mecca. The Ottoman nwere agbanwe ihe niile n'ime Katidral, niile frescoes kpuchie na plaster (otú echekwawo site na narị afọ), na ọgbakọ mere ndokwa na n'akuku na-akwanyere ndị akụkụ anọ ụlọ.

Ọzọkwa, ruo mgbe ufọt ufọt iri na itoolu na narị afọ, ọ dịghị ọrụ wughachi Katidral nke Hagia Sophia ke Istanbul, bụghị diri. Na XIX narị afọ e kpebiri iji weghachi ụlọ na njikọ na ihe iyi egwu nke ida. N'oge na-adịghị mgbe mweghachi, na 1935, ndị ụlọ alakụba e ghọọ a ngosi nka, na-ahapụ nanị a obere ohere maka Muslim ofufe.

The ụkpụrụ ụlọ atụmatụ nke alakụba

Architectural Cathedral bụ a rektangulu akọwapụta anọ nave (Central - mpụta na ndị ọzọ - obere). Ọ na-topped site a domed nnukwu ụlọ ụka Senti na sredokrestiem, nke bụ a quadrangle. Ụlọ ahụ a masterpiece nke ya oge na dome usoro, na ike nke mgbidi, dị ka akụkọ mgbe, zọpụta ekele na extracts nke epupụta nke ash atụkwasịkwara a ngwọta. A mgbagwoju usoro nke atọ arches na ogidi-akwado dome si n'akụkụ niile na otú ewusi ya.

na-adọrọ mmasị na ụlọ alakụba

N'ihi ya, Hagia Sophia alakụba na Istanbul - otu n'ime ndị isi na-adọrọ mmasị. Tụlee isi ihe ncheta nke a na-akpali ngosi nka.

• Ọla kọpa plated "a na-eti mkpu kọlụm", na nkwenkwe na-emezu ọchịchọ nke ndị na-etinye aka ya n'ime oghere na-eche na mmiri.

• «Nzuzo window" - ọrụ ebube ọzọ nke uwa site na ya, ọbụna n'ebe ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na sultry ụbọchị na-eku ume jụụ ikuku.

• The oge ochie murals na oyiyi nke Jizọs Kraịst na Virgin, ẹnịm n'okpuru oké n'ígwé nke plaster, bụ a ebube n'anya.

• Na elu gallery nke temple nwere ike hụrụ na igwe ndobe nke graffiti. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha mere ọtụtụ narị afọ gara aga ma na-echebe site na steeti (n'ihi nzube a kpuchie uzo plastic). Nke a dere - Scandinavian runes - e kwuru scrawled na mgbochi nke Katidral nke ndi-agha na Middle Ages.

• The mosaics nke katidral ndị na-akpali atụ nke nnukwu art of Byzantium.

• Portrait nke Emperor Alexander e mere n'oge ya ndụ, mma meghere ke 1958 ke N'ezie mweghachi ọrụ na tile mkpuchi.

Na katidral e nwekwara Muslim okpukpe Shinto, nke na-adọta ọtụtụ puku ndị njem ala nsọ ọ bụla afọ. Otu n'ime ha bụ:

• Minbar (ebe imam ọkwọrọde).

• Lodge Sultan (wuru n'oge mweghachi Fossati ụmụnna).

• Mihrab.

Dị ka ọ bụrụ ẹkesiode ihe Oriental akụkọ ifo, Turkish Holy Wisdom agwakọta yiri emegiderịta echiche: Orthodox na Oriental Islam, abụọ okpukpe, otú dị iche iche, ma ihe yiri nnọọ ka ọ bụla ọzọ. N'èzí ụlọ nsọ yiri mfe conglomeration nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ forms si dị iche iche eras na agba, ma n'ime unu ga-tụrụ ebube dome na ya elu, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.

Ọ bụ naanị ụlọ na-anwụghị si narị afọ nke isii BC ruo ugbu a fọrọ nke nta na-agbanweghi agbanwe, na-now deservedly ghọrọ a ngosi nka, ike gwụrụ inye a okpukpe ọrụ dị iche iche iche.

ọgwụgwụ

Ọ bụrụ na ị kechioma gaa Istanbul dịkarịa ala a di na nwunye nke ụbọchị, jide n'aka na-eleta ndị Katidral nke Hagia Sophia. Turkey ga-akpọ gị na ọhụrụ na agba ekele a temple.