Historical genre na visual nkà: nkọwa, ndị nnọchiteanya

Italy, na ebe omumu nke akụkọ ihe mere eme genre na ezi nkà, nwere niile prerequisites maka ntoputa nke ụdị sere. Alaeze Ukwu Rom nwere nnọọ elu larịị nke omenala na mmepe, na ya rụzuru bụ ntọala nke art nke mba niile nke Western Europe. Ọ dịghị ihe ijuanya na Italy n'oge Renaissance, na XV narị afọ, e nwere a akụkọ ihe mere eme genre na ezi nkà.

A nkenke akụkọ ihe mere eme

Iji ghọta ihe mere eme na genre na nkà, ọ dị mkpa iji tụlee atụmatụ nke oge n'okpuru nyochaa. Renaissance oge - nke a bụ heyday nke ụmụ mmadụ echiche na-mere ka nchegbu ọ bụghị naanị n'ihi na onye kamakwa obodo na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mere eme.

Ihe ndị mere ndị dike gara aga nke mba ahụ na-aghaghị igosipụta akụkọ ihe mere eme genre na ezi nkà. Ihe Nlereanya gunyere: osise Andrea Mantenya, "The Triumph of Caesar" (1485-1492), a dịgasị iche iche nke akwa Paolo Uccello, ewepụtara Agha nke San Romano na ndị ọzọ. Rụzuru nke Renaissance na Italy, ngwa ngwa gbasaa Europe, ebe akụkọ ihe mere eme genre na ezi nkà na malitere ya mmepe.

European nka nke akụkọ ihe mere eme sere na Asaa-XVIII narị afọ

N'oge ndị gara aga nwere dọtara nka na na Western mba Europe. Mmepe nke a na-emekarị nwere ike ikwu na Asaa narị afọ - na heyday nke classicism na Baroque. Ọ ga-kwuru na na nkà ọdịbendị na-ebute ụzọ bịara kpọmkwem akụkọ ihe mere eme genre. All ọzọ iche ezi nkà ruo oge ụfọdụ na-enye ya a ebe uru n'ihi classicism bu n'obi kee na akpa ebe nke ndị dike oyiyi na nnukwu ihe osise.

Na nke a style, akụkọ ihe mere eme isiokwu, na-arụ ọrụ Peter Paul Rubens (ihe osise "The Battle nke Amazons", 1619-1620 gg.), Nikola Pussen ( "The Rape nke Sabine Women", 1614-1615 gg.), Jacques-Louis David, bụ onye dere, ma ndị oge ochie na dịkọrọ ndụ isiokwu. Ọrụ ndị a na-ji mmụọ nke pathos, ndị dike poses, magburu ọdịdị ihu na mmegharị. Na ya na-akpa ákwà mejupụtara yiri ihe nke ochie iberibe na-apụta a egwuregwu bombast. Iji a direction gụnyere eserese, e dere Oziọma ndị ahụ. Ka ihe atụ, Harmensz Van Reyn Rembrandt kere sere "The Nlaghachi nke Mmefu Ọkpara" (1669).

Historical sere na Europe ke akpa ọkara nke XIX na narị afọ

Classicism na Baroque anya nyere ụzọ ọhụrụ omenala okwukwo - romanticism. Anọchitekwa anya nke a na-emekarị n'ebe ndị siri nkọwa nke gara aga, na-elekwasị anya na obi akụrụngwa. The nka setịpụrụ ike dị otú ahụ imagery iji kpalie ọmịiko na mmetụta ọmịiko si ege ntị. Historical genre sere bụ a kpamkpam dị iche iche imewe, dị ka pụta ìhè isiokwu nke mmadụ mmetụta na mmetụta uche. Dị ka ihe atụ, Ezhena Delakrua egosipụta "igbuchapu na Kiọs" dere na 1826. Historical motifs nwere ike hụrụ, na ọrụ ndị ọzọ a ma ama na French artist Onore Dome: egosipụta "The Nnupụisi" (1848).

Western European mbụk ihunanya sere oge

Na nkera nke abụọ nke XIX narị afọ, akụkọ ihe mere eme genre na visual nkà agbanweela ịrịba mgbanwe. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ntoputa nke a ọhụrụ ntụziaka - na nsiridi. Nnọchianya ya chọrọ ka ya ike a ọzọ lifelike oyiyi na plots. Nke a na-emekarị nwere ike ekewet ọrụ Adolf von Menzel, bụ onye kere ke 1850 a usoro nke osise ewepụtara oge Fridriha Velikogo. Mmasị na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke a na oge na-n'ụzọ dị ukwuu kọwara ọtụtụ revolutions na kwara Europe n'oge ahụ. Akpalite nupụrụ isi malitere na Italy, France na Germany. Ya mere, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, na-ese ihe, dere chọọ azịza ndị ugbu a na n'oge gara aga, a na-akọwa ntoputa nke nsiridi na omenala.

Ntoputa nke Russian akụkọ ihe mere eme genre sere

Nti nyochaa na mba akụkọ ihe mere eme nke art. Origins, na ụdị na-Genres na Russia - bụ a isiokwu ọzọ ụka, n'ihi na anyị na omenala bụ nke ukwuu biiri si European art. The oge nke classicism ke akwa n'ala nna ụbọchị laghachi na XVIII narị afọ: n'oge a nke ụlọ nka chigharịkwuuru ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga na ha ọrụ.

The nchoputa nke akụkọ ihe mere eme genre nke Russian art - Anton Pavlovich Losenko. O dere, sị na a ma ama eserese site n'oge gara aga nke Ancient rus ( "Vladimir na Rogneda", 1770) na ihe osise ewepụtara oge gboo themes. Eso ụzọ ya bụ Ivan Akimov, na-ezo aka na ihe ndị mere na Kievan rus, Peter Sokolov, e sere akụkọ ifo oyiyi, Gregory Ugriumov, na-ezo ka akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Iri na Atọ na narị afọ. Ndị a, nakwa dị ka European osise na oge gboo style, dị iche iche elu oyiyi na plots.

Historical themes na Russian art na afọ 1800-1850

Genre sere foto na visual nkà nnọọ iche iche, Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na mmepe nke agụmakwụkwọ, ke akpa ọkara nke narị afọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na-achị na-arụ na-achị na-emekarị na nkà omenala. The nka nke a na-emekarị n'ụzọ dị ukwuu wee na omenala nke classicism, ị na-ahọrọ ihe maka ọrụ ya ndị dike eziokwu nke gara aga. Historical genre na ezi nkà, sere na-akwanyere ya ùgwù site a karịsịa okwu, ya ụtọ kasị ukwuu ewu ewu n'etiti ndị intelligentsia, na n'etiti ìgwè ọha.

Iji a direction na-agụnye ọrụ Antona Ivanova "The feat nke-eto eto si Kiev mgbe a nọchibidoro Kiev Pechenegs na 968" (1810), Alekseya Egorova "Ezumike na Flight n'ime Egypt" (1830). N'otu oge, a ọhụrụ ntụziaka - romanticism, onye òtù ike doro anya, nke mmetụta uche oyiyi, ufiop psychological erughị ala. Dị ka ihe atụ, Karl Pavlovich Bryullov, bụ onye kere ma ama sere banyere ọnwụ nke Pompeii, Fodor Antonovich Bruni na Aleksandr Andreevich Ivanov, bụ onye dere akụkọ Bible.

Historical themes na ọrụ nile nke ise ikpeazụ nke narị afọ dere

Na nkera nke abụọ nke XIX narị afọ, nka malitere agba ngosi Russian akụkọ ihe mere eme. Na art, e nwere a usoro nke osise raara nye omume ụfọdụ nke gara aga nke mba anyị. Historical genre na visual nkà na-anọchite anya ndị na-esonụ ihe osise: osise ma ọ bụ Repina "Princess Sophia na Novodevichy Nọn" (1879) na "Ivan Grozny egbu nwa-ya" (1884), bụ ọrụ Vasily Surikov, degaara ndị kasị dị ịrịba ama ihe ndị mere nke Russia XVIII narị afọ. Ọrụ ndị a na na-akwanyere ya ùgwù site otú yi na expressive oyiyi na ndabere na gburugburu ebe obibi.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme genre nke ezi nkà

Mpaghara nka malitere itinye bụghị nanị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ihe, kamakwa ka onyinyo nke na-adị kwa ụbọchị ndụ nke ndị Russia. Ya mere, a ma ama na sere were na-akpọ ezinụlọ mere genre. Fine art nke a na-emekarị nweela ọtụtụ ewu ewu n'etiti ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ ọha na eze nke na oge.

Dị ka ihe atụ bụ ọrụ ndị na-esonụ dere: Vyacheslava Shvartsa, kere a picture banyere eze ichu nta, Konstantin Makovsky, onye dere banyere ihe osise Muscovy na Asaa na narị afọ. Historical ezinụlọ achị were oké mkpa na-arụ ọrụ nke na-anọchite anya nke mkpakọrịta "World of Art". Karịsịa ha na eserese na egwu na-akpọ na okomoko ememe, ma na a aka nke mwute (Albert Benoit e sere grandiose ndapụta nke Russian eze ukwu na empresses na XVIII narị afọ, Evgeniy Lansere, e sere dara oké ọnụ gburugburu n'obí, Valentin Serov, ise nke eze ntụrụndụ).

Historical genre sere nke Soviet na n'oge a

Na Soviet ugboro, nka nwere na-ekpeku ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga Russia. Otú ọ dị, ha di ndu ọdịnala nke agụmakwụkwọ art nke XIX narị afọ, e sere ndị dike ngosi Russian akụkọ ihe mere eme. Ka ihe atụ, onye na-ese V. E. Popkov na-ewere na nchoputa nke "oké style" na Soviet art (sere, embodying ndị na-ewu hydropower osisi). Of otu dị mkpa na ọrụ ya bụ isiokwu nke Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya ( "Mezen inyom di ha nwụrụ", 1965-1968.). A pen TE Nazarenko nwe ọrụ, nke a pụrụ hụrụ na-atụgharị atụgharị isi: nsogbu Pugachev, Decembrists.

Contemporary artists na-egosi mmasị dị ukwuu n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russia. I. S. Glazunov ghọrọ ama maka eke ụbara canvases raara nye ịghọta gara aga nke mba anyị: ngwaahịa, n'ụzọ ihe atụ na-egosi akara aka nke na-ede akwụkwọ, "Russia, teta!" (1994) na ndị ọzọ.

Ya mere, na-achịkọta ihe, anyị nwere ike ikwu na akụkọ ihe mere eme gburugburu nwere a nnọọ a ma ama ebe ke European art, nakwa dị ka na Russian sere. Eziokwu na izi ezi, ejije na ememe mgbe nile a akụkọ ihe mere eme genre. All Genres nke ezi art ibuga okwu, ma nke a style bụ onye ndú.