Hockey: akụkọ ihe mere eme nke development. History of the World Hockey Championship

Hockey, akụkọ ihe mere eme na mmepe a kọwara n'uju n'okpuru, na-akpọ a otu egwuregwu, ebe asọmpi iji klọb nwere akara na Puck n'ime iro mgbaru ọsọ. The isi mma nke ihe omume a na-atụle ga-na egwuregwu ga ịnyagharịa site na ice rink on skates. The mbụ na-echeta nke na-egwuri egwu a mkpisi a bọl, ụbọchị azụ na Middle Ages. Ọnụ na nke a, dị ka a dị iche iche na umu-kpụrụ mpi ukwuu mgbe e mesịrị.

version of ntoputa

N'ihi na nke a ụdị egwuregwu dị ka hockey, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị contested. Dị ka ukara version of ya omumu bụ Canadian obodo nke Montreal. Na nke a na nkwekọrịta, ọ bụghị ihe niile ọkà mmụta nke oge. Nke bụ eziokwu na ihe oyiyi nke ndị mmadụ aka na a yiri video egwuregwu na a na friji mmiri, e nwere ụfọdụ ihe osise nke Dutch nwe na-akpa na azụ nke iri na isii na narị afọ. Ọ bụla ọ bụ, ndị British agha mgbe Canada meriri France na 1763, e me n'ime obodo na na obi ụtọ hockey ahịhịa. N'ihi na eziokwu na North America e ji oké na ogologo winters, egwuregwu nwere ike na-emegharị ka obodo ọnọdụ. N'ihi ya, ndị mmadụ malitere ka mpi na-emefu na friji ọdọ mmiri na osimiri. Na ụkwụ na-adịghị ukwu n'elu, na akpụkpọ ụkwụ na-kegide maka cheese egbutusị.

mpụta mbụ egwuregwu

A nnọọ mkpa ọrụ na mmepe nke egwuregwu na-egwuri Montreal. Ọ bụ n'obodo a, na rink "Victoria", March 3, 1875 egwuri mbụ dekọrọ egwuregwu nke hockey. History of agha ọbụna egosipụta na a local isiokwu akwụkwọ akụkọ akpọ Montreal Gazette. The mejupụtara nke ọ bụla nke mpi ìgwè ẹkewetde nke itoolu egwuregwu. Shell game ghọrọ a osisi diski na ọnụ ụzọ ámá bụ ndị nkịtị na nkume. Nchedo ndị sonyere e biiri si baseball.

The mbụ iwu

N'ime afọ abụọ mgbe mpụta mbụ hockey egwuregwu, otu ìgwè nke ụmụ akwụkwọ si McGill University of Montreal mepụtakwara mbụ iwu nke egwuregwu. Ha gụnyere asaa ihe. Na 1879, o guzobere a roba washer. The egwuregwu ọsọsọp ewu ewu, ya mere na 1883, e gosiri na-eme kwa afọ Winter ejị na Montreal. Ọzọ afọ abụọ gasịrị, Canada na-ọma ike na-amu amu mkpakọrịta na nke a egwuregwu.

Na 1886 ọ na-e streamlined, mma na bipụtara iwu nke egwuregwu na nke hockey. Akụkọ na-aga na nke mbụ bụ onye dere ha, ghọrọ R. Smith. Ọ ga-kwuru na ha adịghị iche ukwuu si oge a version. Site ugbu a, ma ìgwè nwere mpi asaa egwuregwu. Ha bụ ndị goalkeeper, n'azụ na n'ihu agbachitere, atọ kpara na otu rover (ike hockey player onye kacha mma isi ihe mgbaru ọsọ). Efrata maka egwuregwu agbanwebeghị. The naanị ikpe ebe nnọchi e kpebiri, a player mmerụ. A mkpa maka ya, mmejuputa iwu bụ nkwenye nke megidere otu.

Stanley Cup

Ewu ewu na nke egwuregwu anọgidewo na-eto eto. Ke 1893, Canadian Governor-General Jehova Frederick Artur Stenli zụtara a cup na anya dị ka ihe abịazi nọdụ pyramid na mejupụtara a silver mgbanaka. Ọ e ọdịda nke mmeri nke mba na nke a egwuregwu dị ka hockey. The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke a egwuregwu maara prestigious lụtara. Ná mmalite, n'ihi na ọ nwere ike na-alụ ọgụ ọbụna ndị hụrụ. Ebe ọ bụ na 1927, nri na aka Stanley Cup contested site nnọchiteanya nke National Hockey League.

revolutionary innovations

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ice hockey ná mmalite nke iri abụọ na narị afọ ahụ bụ mgbe niile innovations. Karịsịa, na 1900 n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá malitere iru a okporo, nke mere na ọtụtụ n'ime esemokwu banyere clogged Gol fọrọ ebelata ka efu. Ebe ọ bụ na metal igbu rapaara ya n'egbugbere ọnụ na-ekpe ikpe ọ mbụ gbanwere mgbịrịgba, ọbụna mgbe e mesịrị - na plastic counterpart. Mgbe ahụ, e ihu-apụ Puck. Iji nwekwuo ọsọ na ntụrụndụ, e kpebiri na 1910 na-ekwe ka nnọchi ke N'ezie nke egwuregwu. Na ụzọ nke atọ ụmụnna, Patrick, hockey egwuregwu malitere ekenye nọmba, goalkeeper e kwere ka gị ice skates na egwuregwu - inye obi ụtọ na-atụ. Ọzọkwa, ha chọrọ amachi oge nke egwuregwu atọ nke nkeji iri abụọ.

International Ice Hockey Federation chie mma iwu nke egwuregwu na 1911. The ndabere maka Canadian sample e weere. N'afọ 1929, otu goalkeeper, "Montreal Merunz" Clint Benedict mbụ mee nkpuchi. Afọ ise mgbe ọ na eze ẹkenam ọchịchị ma ọ bụ ọnwụ mberede. Multi-acha ọkụ na a siren maka ezi ajụjụ nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ malitere iji na-etinyere na 1945. N'otu oge ahụ na ụkpụrụ emeziri na atọ na-ekpe ikpe.

The mbụ arena

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke hockey agaghị enweghị ndị na-ewu nke kwesịrị ekwesị akụrụngwa. Ná mmalite mpi arena na-anọchite anya a eke ice rinks. N'ihi ya, ọ dịghị-agbazekwa na mgbidi ụlọ a na-eme ọdịiche site na nke na-abata oyi ikuku n'ime. Na 1899 na Montreal, ọ wuru mbụ iji atụrụ rink na wuru turf. Na zitere nke iri abụọ na narị afọ na Canada na United States malitere wuru pụtara nnukwu arena. Otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị dị ịrịba ama nke ha n'oge bụ "Sports Obí" na e wuru na Chicago na 1938. Arena nwere 15 puku oche.

The mbụ ọrụ otu na otu

Na 1904, Canada kere ụwa mbụ ọkachamara hockey otu. Ọ ga-kwuru na n'otu oge ahụ e kpebiri ịkwaga a ọhụrụ egwuregwu usoro, dị ka nke a akụkụ nke ọ bụla n'ime ndị sonyere nke egwuregwu gụnyere isii egwuregwu. Ọzọkwa, ofu na ọkọlọtọ sized ebe 56h26 mita. Afọ anọ mgbe ahụ ọkachamara e mesịrị kewapụrụ n'ebe ndị Fans.

Ná mmalite nke iri abụọ na narị afọ na Europe na ọ ghọọ a na-ewu ewu egwuregwu ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka hockey. The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ya mmepe na Old World bụ eze ụbọchị laghachi 1908. Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ Congress na Paris e tọrọ ntọala site na International Federation n'ihi na egwuregwu. Ọ ẹkewetde ibido agụnye anọ na-ekwu, - Great Britain, Belgium, Switzerland na France. The Canadian Hockey Association bịara afọ anọ ka e mesịrị.

National Hockey League (NHL) e tọrọ ntọala na 1917. Ngwa ngwa na ọ ghọrọ onye ndú na mbara ala. Nke a abụghị ihe ijuanya, n'ihi na e nwere ndị kasị mma egwuregwu. Ọzọkwa, ndị kasị mma mgbaru ọsọ ndị mere hockey, agbasaghị clog ya n'ime NHL.

asọmpi

Mba nile mbụ egwuregwu n'etiti North America na Europe ke kpuchie nke ukara ndorondoro ada itie ke 1920. Mgbe ahụ Canadian otu merie ndị otu nke United Kingdom. Ọ ga-kwuru na ihe mere eme nke ụwa ice hockey egwuregwu ụbọchị laghachi na Olympic Games, na mmeri nke na ẹkenịmde aha nke ike na mbara ala. Tournaments e kewapụrụ n'ebe ibe unu, na ghọrọ onwe ha naanị na 1992. N'otu oge ahụ na International Federation kpebiri iji kpochapụ European Championship.

The nnọọ akụkọ nke ụwa n'asọmpi na hockey maara iche iche nke ndorondoro. Na mbụ mpi wee ebe na cup usoro, na mgbe e mesịrị - na a gburugburu (na otu ma ọ bụ nkebi). N'ime oge ahụ, e nwekwara egwuregwu elu - "playoffs." The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke otu òtù malite si asatọ iri na isii.

Russian hockey

Ugbu a na eze nabatara na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke hockey na Russia malitere December 22, 1946. N'otu ụbọchị ahụ, a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Soviet obodo, mbụ ọkụ nke mba egwuregwu. Na 1954, a ìgwè ndị na USSR na-enwe mmeri mpụta mbụ ke World Cup, na-eti Canada na ikpeazụ na egwuregwu. Na nineties nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ n'ihi enweghị kwụsie ike nke ọtụtụ na-eme egwuregwu gara ije ozi ná mba ọzọ na mba.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian hockey otu maara a otutu odida na rụzuru. Aha nke ike ìgwè na ụwa meriwo ọzọ na 1993. Otú ọ dị, ndị ọzọ na aha nke Fans aghaghị ichere afọ iri na ise. Ma Russian otu na-deservedly atụle otu ike na ụwa na-anọgide na-egosi ezi ihe.

na-akpali eziokwu

Ya mere na-egwu egwu na Puck anaghị pulite, ọ na-oyi kpọnwụrụ tupu egwuregwu.

Karịrị n'ọnụ ọgụgụ nke egwuregwu nwere furu efu dịkarịa ala otu eze n'oge arụmọrụ.

The mgbaru ọsọ mbụ bụ square.

Airspeed hockey projectile nwere ike iru n'ogo nke 193 km / h.

Ugbu a washers na-mere nke vulcanized roba.

Bandy

History bandy ụbọchị laghachi n'etiti ikpeazụ nke narị afọ. Na oge a na nkọwa nke a ụdị egwuregwu bụ a otu egwuregwu na ice, na nke gị mkpa na-arapara akara na obi ụtọ na iro si net. N'ihi na ọ na-eji akụkụ anọ ebe, nke bụ kacha size of 110h65 mita. Match mejupụtara abụọ oge minit 45. The mejupụtara nke ọ bụla otu na-agụnye iri na otu egwuregwu (gụnyere 4 mapụtara na 1 goalkeeper). Ọ ga-kwuru na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke edochi anya na ọ bụghị nanị. Otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị akpali nke iwu na egwuregwu a bụ na player bụ onye nọ iro si ọkara nke ubi onwe ya (bụghị gụnyere goalkeeper), na-na na obi ụtọ na-adịghị eru. Ọ bụla ọ bụ, ụdị hockey bụghị dị ka na-ewu ewu dị ka ọ bụ a ụdị hockey.