Humanoid robots: foto na Technology

Kemgbe ọtụtụ iri afọ, ulo oru cybernetic ngwaọrụ fọrọ superseded nwoke na ize ndụ, na-agbụ agbụ na arọ ọrụ. N'ọdịnihu dị nso atumatu mgbasa nke ozi Androids. Humanoid robots ga-inyeaka nke bi si eme nke n'ụlọ omume, a ga-aku na-elekọta ndị agadi, ụmụ ya na mmụta nkwarụ.

The mbụ prototypes

Na 1639, ọ malitere ihe karịrị abụọ na narị abụọ afọ iche nke Japan site na ike nke ụwa. Ahia na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke Nagasaki e kwere ka ndị ole na ole ahịa si Holland na China, ikwe ka pụrụ iche Japanese omenala ịzụlite ya ụzọ na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla na-abụghị mmetụta. Ọ bụ chi ọbụbọ nke nwa bebi bịara na oge a, "Karakuri".

N'ezie, nke a bụ nke mbụ humanoid robots na clockwork, ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ osisi na ụdị chụpụrụ site uzuoku, mmiri ma ọ bụ peppered ájá. Nwa bebi ọbịa ndị mmadụ n'oge ọha ememme, ụtọ nnukwu ewu ewu na ndị bara ọgaranya obibi.

Nwere mmasị na esịtidem ngwaọrụ "Karakuri" bụ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị, na mputa e lebaara dị ukwuu dị ka mbanye usoro.

Technology na Psychology

Japanese humanoid robots ịtọ general vector nke mmepe nke cybernetic ngwaọrụ mmepe gburugburu ụwa. Isi ike na-eke anthropomorphic usoro - mkpa multi-inye nnyocha. The na-agbanwe agbanwe na achikota ọrụ ga-eme ihe ọ bụghị nanị na ndị injinia na programmers, mathematicians na physics, ma ndị ọkà n'akparamàgwà mmadụ, sociologists na akụkọ ihe mere eme.

Man bụ echetụ n'echiche enweghị mmetụta. Ma n'ihi na integrated nlereanya, na mgbakwunye na nke "hardware" na software dị ezigbo mkpa atọ akụrụngwa anthropomorphic usoro - mmetụta uche. Research na mpaghara ebe a na-arụ ihe pụrụ iche na sayensị njikọ chiri anya na akwalite ọdịmma ndị mmadụ - na-elekọta mmadụ robotics na robopsihologiya.

Humanoid robots, ma e wezụga ike simulate a mfe n'ibu ije, ga-enweta wuru ọgụgụ isi, onwe-mmụta na mmegharị.

Gịnị nwere ike ihe android?

Humanoid robots ịmụta ihe ọhụrụ Ọrụ na nkà na-emekọ ihe onye ahụ. Ndị kasị adọrọ mmasị bụ ihe ịga nke ọma na mmepe nke ndị na-esonụ Ọrụ:

• Secretary. Gam akporo-ekele ọbịa, nta banyere ụlọ ọrụ ọrụ ma ọ bụ na ngwaahịa.
• Odibo. The robot na-ewe iji (ọnụ ma ọ bụ site na ihuenyo mmetụ), Site n'ibu na ozi na kichin, efere ma na-enye ndị ahịa na-atụ anya (na-adịghị achọ ka a n'ọnụ!). Robokafe ojiji na South Korea na-ewu ewu.
• Eduzi. Eduzi. Ọ na-akọwa n'ụzọ zuru ezu banyere ihe ngosi, ndị gosiri anyị.
• Teacher. Nlekọta. Nnọọ bara uru n'ihi na ụmụaka na-amụ remotely na onye omume.
• Cosmonaut. Ọ dịkarịa ala, e nwere ihe abụọ dị na atụ: "Japanese" KIROBO na "American" Robonaut 2. Ma ọ bụrụ na ndị mbụ e mere naanị n'ihi na okwu na-arụ ọrụ (foto, ozi), nke ikpeazụ bụ ike autonomously ịrụ mgbagwoju technical ihe aga-eme na mbara igwe.

anthropomorphic warrior

Favorite brainchild nke sayensị akụkọ ifo na-aghọ n'ezie. Military ọpụrụiche robots maka a ogologo oge na-aga nke ọma-nna na United States. Otú ọ dị, ruo mgbe ọ na-abịa akpaghị aka ọgụ usoro, mma-guzobere onwe ha n'oge arụmọrụ ke Iraq na Afghanistan. Ụdị ngwaọrụ isi nagide ọgụgụ isi na engineering nsogbu.

Ọgụ humanoid robots n'ihi oké elu na-eri adị ke otu mbipụta dị ka ngosi n'omume. Ka ihe atụ, piloted android Method1, gosiri site Korean mmepe. Walker bụ ike ịkwaga ogwe aka ya na-akpali gburugburu, mimicking ngagharị nke ọrụ. A nnukwu humanoid robot nwere a elu nke 4 mita na a arọ nke 1.5 tọn.

Ọzọ obi umeala size nwere Russian android, ma o nwere ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ arụmọrụ: egbe égbè, ATV akara, nlekọta ahụ ike. The robot na-emegharị si mbụ nlereanya SAR-401 (NGO "Androidnye technology") n'ihi na ndị agha version nke ihe aga-eme kere maka mkpa nke ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ "Roscosmos".

Japanese omenala

Hiroshi Ishiguro - a prọfesọ na mahadum nke Japanese obodo nke Osaka na Institute for Advanced Technology na Kyoto - nweela n'ụwa ama na 2006, ọnọde ọha ya kpọmkwem oyiri cybernetic - dzheminoida Hi-1 (Hi-1 Geminoid). A nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ sensọ na servo Motors enye ohere anthropomorphic simulate bụghị naanị mmegharị ahụ, ma ọdịdị ihu prototype. Ụdi ụdị (Hi-2; F; Hi-4; Q1) ọbụna ndị ọzọ kwesịrị. N'ezie, ndị kasị humanoid robots - a popet achịkwa ndị ọrụ via a wireless interface.

Dị ka prọfesọ, a nso oyiyi na-adị mfe karịa ịkụzi android na-eche echiche dị ka nwoke na-eme ka ha onwe ha mkpebi. Site Hiroshi Ishiguro ígwè ọrụ footballers naanị schematically yiri ụmụ mmadụ, ma na obi ụtọ bụ, na-eme atụmatụ na ọnọdụ nke ọnụ ụzọ ámá, na-eziga ya nri na iche. "Iron" Ishiguro otu - ise oge ụwa akaebe robofutbolu.

Maa mma humanoid si China

Nke a mara mma e kere eke na-akpọ Jia Jia. Asọ asọ ntutu ojii gụgharia nke ọdịnala Chinese uwe. Ịmụmụ ọnụ ọchị, ọ ga-akwado a mfe dialog bụ ike ịnyagharịa na ohere, na ọbụna flirts ndị ikom. Ọ nwere ya Fans gburugburu ụwa, bụ ndị kpọrọ ya "robot-chi nwanyị."

Jia Jia - China mbụ android, kere injinia na University of Science and Technology (Hefei, China). Ịzụlite na ụdị na-pụrụ iche na-arụ ọrụ software were dị ka afọ atọ, na ọ bụ ka ezughị okè. Project ndú Chen Xiaoping obi ike na-eso ụzọ "chi nwanyị" nwere oké uru. Ígwè ọrụ na-na elu Ai na-atụ anya na ụlọ ọgwụ, nọọsụ ụlọ, ịrụ dị mfe ọrụ ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ.

European humanoid robots

Na Old World humanoid usoro na-kere na-zuo okè n'ime ROBOSKIN oru ngo. The kasị ama nlereanya CASPAR na iCub, bụ obere. First mepụtara na ndị University of Hertfordshire (UK) na e mere na-na-ekwurịta okwu ma na-akụziri ụmụaka na a igwuri egwu ụzọ. Mmeghachi omume CASPAR na aka, n'ihi na aka wuru akpụkpọ mwute sensọ nwere ike dị iche iche na-adabere na tactile kọntaktị ike. Na nwayọọ tickling robot na-egosipụta obi ụtọ na nke dị ike push ọdọhọde nke mgbu.

robot ahụ iCub (Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa) nwere 53 degrees nke nnwere onwe, na-nyere android igwe site aka. Ọ anya dị ka a na nwa 4 - 5 afọ. Nwere ike iri ari, ịgbanwe ihe, ịnyagharịa chakoo.

US State Order

Humanoid PETMAN (-ede akwụkwọ nke oru ngo R. Pleyter, Boston Dinamics) anaghị egosipụta mmetụta ọ bụla na niile, n'ihi na ndị dị mfe mere na o nweghị isi. Ọ na-e kere ndị ọchịchị iji nwalee àgwà na ule nke na-echebe suut. The robot nwere ihe nkezi nwoke parameters: idi-elu 1,75 m ji na 80 n'arọ. PETMAN emegharị-emega ahụ. Na-eje ije na ịgba mwe mwe ọsọ edu ndú ka ndị ọzọ Ugboro ume, mụbara ahu okpomọkụ, na ọbụna ọsụsọ na-agba.

The robot nwee ike ịrụ mfe mmega:-apụghị ịchịkwa si n'ala, makpurukwa, crawling, wdg ma eji dị ka ihe engine na haịdrọlik usoro Gịnị-Gịnị ... Developers ekwe nkwa na n'ọdịnihu dị nso ga-ike a humanoid robot na kwurula ume ọkọnọ.

Na 2014, ọhụrụ abụọ ụdị nke Atlas na Cheetah adade na ukwuu ọrụ na agagharị, ma ka na-tethered ka mpụga ike isi iyi.

The mgbanwe na-abịa?

Prọfesọ Masha Vardi (Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, USA) rụrụ ụka na e nwere ndị na-enweghị ókè ndị akpaaka nke igwe na a ga-emesị ghọọ a ọtụtụ echeta na ndị ọzọ zuru okè. Kwa afọ ọzọ na ndị ọzọ na-ewu ewu, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị n'anya, ụtọ n'ụwa humanoid ígwè ọrụ robot. Foto na vidiyo na Web na-inweta ọtụtụ nde echiche, ma ọ bụ na-eru nso mmụba nke ígwè ọrụ ike n'ụzọ dịkwuo òkè nke na-enweghị ọrụ. Na ìgwè nke ihe ize ndụ Ọrụ na ọnọdụ na ike ga-converted n'ime ọnụọgụ abụọ koodu: telecom rụọ checkpoints, cashiers na ndị ọzọ.

Na n'elu 5 kacha mma humanoid robots àmà:

1. GEMINOID-F - girl robot (Japan). Humanoid oyiri nke Prọfesọ Ishiguro. Ọ bụ ike ikwu okwu, na-amụmụ ọnụ ọchị, na-egosipụta iṅomi a dum palette nke mmetụta uche na ọbụna na-abụ abụ. Ọ na-egwuri ọtụtụ ọrụ na-eme ihe nkiri.
2. ASIMO - android (Honda, Japan). Na ngwá - na-agba ọsọ, na-emeri nke steepụ, na-egwu football. Ọ nwere a mgbagwoju igwe ọhụụ na usoro na-ekesa ihe mmetụta na netwọk. Ike na-emeghe na karama na wụsa ọdịnaya nke iko.
3. Ro-Boy - humanoid (Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland), n'akụkụ nile nke inye a usoro 3D-ebi akwụkwọ.
4. Ihu (Italy) - kasị obi nke European robot. 32 mbanye ka uru ahụ nke ahụ na ihu dị nnọọ mobile.
5. Alice ( "Neyrobotiks", Russia) - kasị ezi uche Russian android. 8 actuators a na-achịkwa na a gamepad.