Inye ngwaọrụ, na-arụ ọrụ oge. Esịtidem combustion engine: na gas nkesa usoro

Gas nkesa usoro nke ụgbọ ala - otu n'ime ndị kasị mgbagwoju anya usoro na engine imewe. Management of oriri na iyuzucha valves, esịtidem combustion engine ụgha kpam na oge. Usoro akara usoro nke na-ejuputa cylinder mmanụ ụgbọala-air ngwakọta site adọ mmeghe nke oriri valvụ n'oge oriri ọrịa strok. Ọ na-akara oge ama mwepụ nke iyuzucha, haruru si esịtidem combustion ulo - ya ga-emepe iyuzucha valvụ na iyuzucha ọrịa strok.

Device oge

Nkọwa nke ngụkọ-oge ịrụ dị iche iche ọrụ:

• The camshaft emepe na-emechi valves.
• The mbanye usoro-eme camshaft ịkwaga na ụfọdụ na-agba.
• Valves na-emeghe ma na-emechi uzo mmiri ma tinyekwa ọwa.

The isi akụkụ na-OGE camshaft na valves. Rotary ma ọ bụ nkesa, na aro bụ onye so na nke kam na-ndokwa. Ọ na-chụpụrụ na-agbagharị na biarin. Mgbe oge nke oriri ọrịa strok ma ọ bụ iyuzucha kam ewekarị na a aro na adiana na-enwe megide valvụ lifters.

Oge usoro a na-emi odude ke cylinder isi. The cylinder isi nwere a camshaft na biarin si ya, rocker, valves na valvụ lifters. The elu òkè nke isi bụ mechiri emechi valvụ okpu, ọnọdụ nke na-rụrụ iji a pụrụ iche akara.

Arụ ọrụ nke oge

Oge ọrụ a n'ụzọ zuru ezu synchronized na mgbanye na mmanụ ụgbọala ogwu ogbugba. Nanị tinye, mgbe ị pịa gas pedal emepe na trotul, na oriri ikuku eruba n'ime oriri manifold. N'ihi bụ a mmanụ ụgbọala-air ngwakọta. Mgbe na-amalite na gas nkesa usoro. Oge enwekwu throughput ma na-amị iyuzucha, haruru si combustion ụlọ. Iji kwesịrị ekwesị ịrụ ọrụ a, ọ dị mkpa na ugboro ole emepe uzo mmiri na iyuzucha valvụ oge, bụ nnukwu.

Valves na-actuated nkesa moto aro. Mgbe engine ọsọ na-abawanye, na-amalite bugharia ngwa ngwa na camshaft, nke enwekwu ugboro nke oghere na mmechi valves. N'ihi nke na-amụba engine ọsọ, na-alaghachi na ya.

N'ịgwa nke crankshaft na camshaft enyere ọkụ esịtidem combustion engine bụ ego nke ikuku-manu ngwakọta, nke dị mkpa maka engine ọrụ a nyere mode.

Properties oge, yinye na belt

Camshaft pole mbanye bụ n'èzí cylinder isi. Iji zere mmanụ leakage mere na olu nke okporo emi odude gland. OGE circuit akpata dum valvụ usoro a na-etinye n'ime ebe na na otu akụkụ a chụpụrụ sprocket ma ọ bụ pole, na ndị ọzọ Site n'ibu na ike si crankshaft.

Site belt drive valves na-adabere na ziri ezi na-agbanwe agbanwe layout nke crankshaft na camshaft ikwu ọ bụla ọzọ. Ọbụna obere deviations na ọnọdụ nwere ike ịbụ ihe mere na oge, na engine ga-ada.

Ọ na-atụle ihe ndị kasị pụrụ ịdabere na yinye nnyefe eji oge ala, ma e nwere ụfọdụ nsogbu na chọrọ belt erughị ala larịị. Isi nsogbu chere ihu na ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala, nke-ahụkarị nke a yinye usoro, ọ na-aghọ na-emeghe, nke na-eme ka ekwe valves.

Tinyere ihe ndị ọzọ na ihe nke usoro na-agụnye oge ala-eji na-erughị ala na belt. The ọghọm nke a yinye mbanye oge, na mgbakwunye na nke ọdịda n'ihe ize ndụ na-agụnye na-akwa n'ogo nke mkpọtụ ini ọrụ na mkpa ịgbanwe ọ bụla 50-60 puku kilomita.

valvụ gia njikọ

Imewe nke valvụ usoro na-agụnye a valvụ oche, ndị nduzi uwe, adiana nke valvụ usoro na ndị ọzọ ọcha. The ike si camshaft na-ebute site ná ụtarị ma ọ bụ na onye n'etiti - rocker ogwe aka ma ọ bụ rocker.

Ọtụtụ mgbe, i nwere ike ịchọta oge ụdị nke na-achọ mgbe nile ukpụhọde. Ndị dị otú ahụ na aghụghọ nwere ihe pụrụ iche washers na kposara, adiana nke nke gosipụtawo ndị dị mkpa clearances. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ndị gaps na-nọgidere na-enwe akpaka mode: Gbanwee ọnọdụ ha mere hydrojacks.

oge akara nzọụkwụ

Modern engine ụdị undergone ịrịba mgbanwe, na ọhụrụ akara usoro, nke na-dabere na microprocessors - na-akpọ ECU. Na ubi nke engine isi a na ọ bụghị nanị na-amụba ike ma na-echekwa ike nkeji emepụta.

Mma arụmọrụ arụmọrụ engines, mgbe mbenata mmanụ ụgbọala oriri, na ọ bụ ike naanị na ihe OGE akara usoro. Engine dị otú ahụ na usoro bụghị nanị na-erepịakwa obere mmanụ ụgbọala, ma ọ dịghị ida ike, nke mere na ha malitere ga-eji na ọtụtụ maka ụgbọ ala mmepụta.

Ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe dị otú ahụ usoro bụ na ha na-achịkwa ọsọ nke adiana nke camshaft oge. N'ezie, valves na-meghere a obere tupu n'ihi na eziokwu na camshaft agbagharị na ntụziaka nke adiana. N'ezie, na oge a na engines camshaft agaghịkwa agbagharị ikwu na crankshaft na a mgbe nile na-agba.

The isi ọrụ bụ ihe kasị oru oma ndochi nke engine cylinders dabere na ya ahọrọ mode nke ọrụ. Ndị dị otú ahụ na usoro nyochaa ala nke engine na ezi na nri mmanụ ụgbọala ngwakọta: n'ihi na ihe atụ, idling ya olu belata fọrọ ka a kacha nta, ebe ọ bụ na nnukwu quantities nke manu-achọrọ.

oge

Dabere na imewe atụmatụ nke a ụgbọ ala engine na camshaft akpan akpan ọnụ ọgụgụ na ụdị draịva ịdị iche iche.

• Chain drive. Dịtụ mbụ nke mbanye bụ ndị kasị Otú ọ dị, na ugbu a na-eji na usoro iheomume nke a dizel engine. Na nke a na Ọdịdị, a camshaft emi odude ke cylinder isi, na ije na-chụpụrụ site na a yinye mbanye si pinion. Na mwepu nke a mbanye - a mgbagwoju usoro nke dochie belt, ebe ọ na-emi odude n'ime engine iji nweta a mgbe nile lubrication.
• Gear drive. N'elu traktọ na engines nke ụfọdụ ụgbọala. Nnọọ pụrụ ịtụkwasị obi, ma ọ bụ oké ike ịnọgide na-enwe. A camshaft nke a na usoro a na emi odude n'okpuru cylinder ngọngọ, adịru camshaft gia araparasi na crankshaft gia. Ọ bụrụ na usoro iheomume nke ụdị abịa disrepair, na engine gbanwere fọrọ nke nta kpamkpam.
• Ájị drive. The kasị ewu ewu na ụdị arụnyere na petrol powertrains na njem ụgbọala.

Uru na ọghọm nke belt mbanye

Eriri mbanye nwetara ya ewu ewu ruru ya uru tụnyere yiri ụdị draịva.

• N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na mmepụta nke ndị dị otú ahụ akụkụ na-mgbagwoju anya karịa ihe yinye, ọ na-efu ọtụtụ ihe dị ọnụ ala karịa.
• Ọ dịghị achọ mgbe nile lubrication, nke mere na mbanye e nyekwara iwu na elu n'akụkụ nke ike unit. Dochie usoro iheomume nchoputa ka a n'ihi nke budata ebelatala.
• Ebe ọ bụ na metal akụkụ nke belt mbanye bụghị emekọ na onye ọ bụla ọzọ dị ka a yinye, mkpọtụ larịị ini ọrụ ebelata budata.

N'agbanyeghị nnukwu ọtụtụ uru, nwere belt mbanye na ya ọghọm. ọrụ oge nke belt bụ ọtụtụ ugboro ala karịa yinye na-akpata Ugboro ndochi. N'ihe banyere belt breakage yiri ka nwere na-eme ka mgbidi dum engine.

The esi nke na-agbasa ma ọ bụ idem emem nke ngụkọ-oge belt

Ọ bụrụ na oge yinye oge izu, nkpọtu larịị na-abawanye n'oge engine ọrụ. Ke ofụri ofụri, ndị dị otú ahụ na nsogbu adịghị ghọọ ihe na-akpata ihe impracticable na okwu nke mmezi, n'adịghị ka oge belt. Mgbe echikwapụ ájị na ịmafe a gia nha nha bụ a nta emeghasịkwa nke nkịtị ọrụ niile usoro na usoro. N'ihi ya, nke a pụrụ ịkpata a Mbelata engine ike, mụbara vibration n'oge ọrụ, siri egbu. Ọ bụrụ na ndị belt ozugbo malie na a ole na ole ezé ma ọ bụ kpam kpam adọwa, ndị na-esi ike nke ukwuu na-ejighị n'aka.

The kasị-adịghị njọ nhọrọ - ọ bụ a na-enwe nsogbu nke pistin na valvụ. mmetụta ike ga-ezu maka ekwe nke valvụ. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ bụ iji ehulata mkpanaka ma ọ bụ mbibi zuru ezu nke pistin.

Otu n'ime ndị kasị ọdịda nke ụgbọ ala na-agbajikwa oge belt. The engine ga mgbe ahụ na-ma-ekpughe isi overhaul ma ọ bụ a zuru ezu overhaul.

Service oge belt

Larịị nke belt erughị ala na ya n'ozuzu ọnọdụ - otu n'ime ndị kasị ugboro ugboro enyocha n'oge ụgbọala mmezi ihe. The ugboro ole nke nnyocha na-adabere na akpan akpan anam na nlereanya nke igwe. Usoro Control Oge belt erughị ala: na engine na-nyochara, a na-echebe cover wepụrụ si belt, whereupon nke ikpeazụ a na-anwale maka curling. N'oge a mkpachapụ ọ na-adịghị bugharia ihe karịrị 90 degrees. Ma ọ bụghị ya, ájị na-tightened na enyemaka pụrụ iche akụrụngwa.

Olee mgbe bụ nnọchi nke oge belt?

Complete nnọchi nke belt na-nyere ọ bụla 50-70 puku kilomita nke na-agba ọsọ nke ụgbọ ala. Ọ nwere ike na-ebu na-emekarị na ikpe nke mmebi ma ọ bụ ọdịdị nke metụtara nke stratification na cracks.

Dabere ụdị na mgbagwoju anya nke oge mgbanwe belt nnọchi na usoro. Ka ụbọchị, abụọ na ụdị oge nke na-eji ụgbọala - na abụọ (DOHC) ma ọ bụ onye (SOHC) camshafts.

nnọchi oge

Iji mepụta nnọchi nke oge belt ụdị SOHC, ezu inwe na aka a ọhụrụ akụkụ na a set nke screwdrivers na igodo.

Buru ụzọ wepụ echebe ikpe na belt. Ọ ekekọtara ma na lash ma ọ bụ nweta enyemaka. Mgbe wepụ cover enye ohere ka belt.

Tupu ị esighi ike ájị, etinye oge akara na camshaft sprocket na crankshaft. Na crankshaft akara na-etinye na flywheel. Crank nke dị n'ụkwụ ruo oge akara na flywheel ụlọ na na-kwekọọ na onye ọ bụla ọzọ. Ọ bụrụ na ihe niile na-egosi na-adaba na onye ọ bụla ọzọ, na-amalite esighi ike na-ewepụ ndị belt.

Iji wepu ájị ahụ pinion aro kolenchatnogo, ị ga-Akwakasịkwala oge pole. N'ihi nke a, ụgbọ ala jacking na o wepụrụ nri wheel nke na-enye ohere ka pole kpọchie. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ ndị oghere site na nke i nwere ike igbachi na crankshaft. Ọ bụrụ na ha na-eme adịghị, mgbe ahụ na aro bụ ofu na otu ebe, mwube na flywheel mgbanaka sikruuokwomoto na-emesi ya na ahu. Mgbe ahụ, pole wepụrụ.

Access usoro iheomume belt bụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu na-emeghe, na ị dị njikere iji wepu na-eji dochie. The ọhụrụ mgbakwasa na crankshaft gia na mgbe araparasi mmiri mgbapụta, na a na-eyi na camshaft sprocket. N'ihi tensioning pole belt ẹka ikpeazụ n'aka. Mgbe niile, i nwere ike ịlaghachi na ihe na ebe agbara iji. Ga naanị ikesiike ájị iji tensioner.

Tupu ịmalite na engine, ọ na-achọsi ike ka bugharia crankshaft ọtụtụ ugboro. Na-eme ya na-elele ukem ini nke kpọọ na mgbe adiana nke aro. Nanị mgbe na engine na-malitere.

Atụmatụ nke oge belt nnọchi usoro

On ugbo ala na DOHC oge belt usoro na-anọchi a nta dị iche iche. The nnọọ nkọwa nke na-agbanwe agbanwe ụkpụrụ bụ yiri nke ahụ a kọwara n'elu, ma ohere ọ si ígwè ọrụ dị otú bụ ihe siri ike n'ihi na e nwere na-ofu aka bolts echebe mkpuchite.

Na usoro nke itinye n'ọnọdụ akara kwesịrị icheta na cam usoro abụọ, karị, na ma kpọọ ga n'ụzọ zuru ezu idako.

Na ndị a ugbo ala, na mgbakwunye na nke ndu ala, na nwere a support ala. Otú ọ dị, n'agbanyeghị na ọnụnọ nke abụọ ala, ájị na-na-achị ndị nduzi ala na tensioner ke ọhụrụ n'aka.

Mgbe ọhụrụ belt arụnyere, nyochaa nnabata labeelu.

N'out oge na belt na rollers dochie m dị ka ha na ime bụ otu ihe ahụ okwu. Ọ bụkwa ihe amamihe na-elele ọnọdụ nke mmiri mmiri mgbapụta biarin na mgbe echichi usoro nke ọhụrụ akụkụ OGE ọdịda nke mgbapụta ọ dịghị abụ onye wetara mberede.