Jacob Grimm: biography, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndụ, na-arụ ọrụ na ndị ezinụlọ

Ifo na Jekọb Wilhelm Grimm na-mara n'ụwa nile. Site na nwata, ha nwere n'etiti ndị akwụkwọ na-amasị nke fọrọ nke nta nwa ọ bụla. Ma ụmụnna Grimm abụghị storytellers - na ha bụ oké ọkà mmụta asụsụ na-eme nnyocha nke na omenala nke obodo ha nke Germany.

ezinụlọ

The nna nna nke Grimms nnọọ ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ. Great-nna nna aha ya bụ Friedrich, a mụrụ na 1672, bụ a ọkà mmụta okpukpe-Calvin. Nwa-ya - Frederick ml. - ketara nna ya parish, na, ya, bụ onye nchụàjà nke Calvin obodo.

Nna nke ama ụmụnna, a mụrụ na 1751. Filipp Vilgelm bụ ọkàiwu, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na University nke Ọrịa a na ọrịa. Tupu ya n'oge ọnwụ, mgbe ọ dị afọ 44, o jere ozi dị ka a ikpe na notari Zemsky.

Philippe na nwunye ya Dorothy nwere ụmụ ise, niile bụ ụmụ: ndị okenye - Jacob Grimm, a mụrụ na 1785, ndị William, a mụrụ a afọ mgbe a mụrụ Charles na Ferdinand, na nke ọdụdụ bụ Ludwig, onye ghọrọ a ọma artist na illustrator nke akụkọ ifo okenye ụmụnna.

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ndị dị iche na afọ n'etiti ụmụnne abụọ bụ obere (a kacha nke afọ ise n'etiti agadi na keobere), n'ezie nso onye ọ bụla ọzọ bụ nanị Jacob na Wilhelm Grimm, biography na-egosi ya.

Nwata na-eto eto

Jacob, nakwa dị ka ụmụnne ya niile, a mụrụ na obodo nke Hanau, ebe ọ nọrọ ya na nwata.

Ebe ọ bụ na nna ha nwụrụ n'oge, tupu ezinụlọ a ajụjụ nke n'ihu adị. M bịara inyere a n'amụtaghị nwa nwanne mama ụmụnna - Yuliana Sharlotta. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ ya na ọmụmụ nke Jacob Grimm nọ nime ulo. Na niile n'ihi na nke eziokwu ahụ na otu 1785 e di ya nwụrụ.

Julianna nnọọ mmasị ndị tọrọ, na fọrọ nke nta niile nke ya ntị ma na-elekọta ha nyere. Brothers ugwo ya otu ịhụnanya, ịhụnanya na-akpọ ya cute nwanne mama Schlemmer.

Jacob Grimm mesịrị cheta na ọ na-kegide ya nwanne mama ukwuu karịa ndị mụrụ ha.

Ọ Julianna Charlotte meghee ha na ụwa nke ihe ọmụma, na-akụziri na-agụ na-ede. Ọ bụ ya na ya, ha adara n'ime ụwa nke German akụkọ ifo na akụkọ Bible. Dị ka otu n'ime ụmụnna, ụmụnne m na nkọwa nke okpukpe, ọ maara mma karịa na ihe nkuzi na nkà mmụta okpukpe.

Na 1791, ezinụlọ ya kwagara Steinau. The ụmụaka gara obodo akwụkwọ. Na 1796, n'ụlọ ha bịara nsogbu: January 10, Phillip nwụrụ. Ya nwaanyị di ya nwụrụ, nwanna nwanyị na ụmụ ịkwaga n'obodo Kassel, ebe Jacob na Wilhelm okokụre na ọgwụgwụ nke ochie ahụ ná mba ndị ahụ mgbatị.

Ụmụnna banyere University of Ọrịa a na ọrịa, na-achọ na-eso nna ya nzọụkwụ ma na-a ọkàiwu. Ma ha ahuhu bụkwanụ asụsụ na akwụkwọ.

N'ihi na oge ụfọdụ ụmụnna were ya ọrụ mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ. Jacob na-arụ ọrụ maka Jerome Bonaparte oba. Site 1816 ọ malitere na-arụ ọrụ ahụ n'ọbá akwụkwọ dị Kassel, n'otu oge jụrụ post of prọfesọ na Bonn. N'ebe ahụ, na Kassel, Odeakwụkwọ ọrụ Wilhelm.

Ifo nke Brothers Grimm

Dị ka nwanne ya nwoke, Jacob Grimm obi ụtọ nke German mba akụkọ ifo. Ikekwe ọ bụ ya mere ha nọ gburugburu "nke Heidelberg Romantics," nke a na-ewere ya ozi na revival nke mmasị na omenala Germany.

Malite site 1807, ọ gara na nke mba (Hesse, Westphalia), obon dị iche iche akụkọ, obodo akụkọ ifo. A obere ka e mesịrị ọ na-esonyere nwanne William.

The akwụkwọ, bipụtara na 1812, e nwere ihe gosiri nke isi iyi. Ụfọdụ ifo na-kpọrọ ihe kpọmkwem, n'ihi na ihe atụ, "Mama Hulda" gwara nwanne ya William ọdịnihu nwunye Dorothea Wild, mgbe ha kwụsịrị na Kassel.

Ndị ọzọ na-na isi mmalite na-egosi nanị site aha ebe, dị ka "si Tsveri" "nke Hanau."

Grimm mgbe ụfọdụ nwere agbanweta ochie akụkọ na oke ọnụ. Ya mere, akụkọ ifo Ioganna Krauze, agadi sagenti, ha nwere iji gbanwee ka otu n'ime Uwe.

ụtọ asụsụ nkụzi ụlọ akwụkwọ na Kassel ụmụnna gwara otu n'ime variants nke "Snow White", a nwaanyị Maria, naanị na-ekwu okwu French, Grimm gwara banyere nwa okoro Tom mkpịsị aka, Little Red ịnya Hood, Ihi ụra Beauty. Ikekwe n'ihi na ya na ezinụlọ ya na-akwanyere ùgwù French omenala, akụkụ nke akụkọ yiri akụkọ ifo Sharlya Perro.

Jacob Grimm, akụkọ ifo onye hụrụ ụmụ ya niile na ụwa, ya na nwanne ya nwoke wepụtara asaa utu aha na 210 isi ọrụ. The mbụ mbipụta na-akatọ, ụmụnna na-arụ ọrụ ọma na ha ma na-eme ka ndị zuru okè. Dị ka ihe atụ, e kpochapụla nke a mmekọahụ agwa akụkọ "Rapunzel," ebe ọ na nzuzo osobo na Prince.

A nnukwu mmetụta ndị ọzọ folklorists nwere ụmụnna Grimm (Jacob na Wilhelm). "Rapunzel," "Cinderella," "Snow White," "The Bremen Town Egwú," "anwansi ite", "Little Red ịnya Hood" na ọtụtụ narị ndị ọzọ na akụkọ ifo mgbe banyere ọlaedo enweta ego nke ụmụ akwụkwọ.

Grimm iwu na ndị ọzọ ọrụ

Onye ọ bụla n'ime ụmụnna na-arụ ọrụ na onye nnyocha ma echiche ha na ụlọ akwụkwọ nke echiche ha bụ otu. Nke nta nke nta na-akpụ akpụ efep akụkọ ifo, ha jụrụ anya asụsụ ọmụmụ.

Grimma ghọrọ founders nke na nkà mmụta sayensị Germany. Jacob wepụtara oge dị ukwuu na phonetic Filiks Teutonic, dị ka a N'ihi ya, dabere na ọmụmụ nke Rasmus Rask ike ichepụta otu n'ime phonetic Filiks, natara na ọgwụgwụ na-akpọ "Grimm Iwu."

Ọ gbasara na-akpọ "mgbochiume". Iji ụbọchị - nke a bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị mma-mara phonetic iwu. Ọ e chepụtara na 1822.

Tupu ihe omume a, Jacob Grimm kpọrọ-amụ sayensị nke asụsụ. The pụta bụ na "German ụtọ asụsụ" na mpịakọta anọ (1819-1837).

Pụtara asụsụ Grimm nnukwu ọrụ. N'ihi ya, bụ ike definitively gosi nwe nke German asụsụ ndị nkịtị Indo-European otu.

On a par na asụsụ research ọkà mmụta sayensị arụ ọrụ na a collection of akụkọ ifo oyiyi nke oge ochie Germany. Na 1835, o bipụtara ihe agụmakwụkwọ treatise, dere ya Jacob Grimm. "German akụkọ ifo" otu onye na-ntụnyere nke akwụkwọ "Echiche Ụgha nke Ancient Greece", e e gosiri mmekọrịta Nordic na German akụkọ ifo.

German dictionary

Ọrụ na akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu ụmụnna malitere na 1830 si. N'ihi ya, ọ na-kasị na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke German asụsụ.

N'ezie echiche nke na-eke ihe etymological dictionary n'ebe na-adịghị ụmụnna, na ọma tupu mmalite nke ha ọrụ na-eme. Ma, ọ bụ ha 1838 nkwusa nke Leipzig nyere iji kwadebe ya.

Grimma eji comparative-akụkọ ihe mere eme usoro mgbe ede a dictionary iji gosi na evolushọn nke asụsụ ahụ, ya mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa njikọ na ụgbọelu.

Brothers oge rụchaa naanị ụfọdụ ngalaba (A, B, C, D, E), iji mee ka ndị na-arụ ọrụ iji gbochie ọgwụgwụ nke ọnwụ ha.

Ma niile ahụ dictionary chụsịrị site ndị ọrụ ibe ha na Berlin Academy nke Sciences na University Gettingemskomu.

adịbeghị anya

William akpa ke 1859 site na akpa ume mkpọnwụ. Jacob ọbọhọ nwanne ya site afọ anọ. N'oge ahụ, ọ lectured na Berlin Academy nke Sciences na rụsiri ọrụ ike "German dictionary". N'ezie, ọnwụ ga-egburu ya dị nnọọ na tebụl ya, ebe ọ kọwara okwu Frucht maka ọzọ ngalaba.

Jacob nwụrụ nke a obi nkụchi September 20, 1863.

uru

All ndụ, creativity na philological ọrụ nke Brothers Grimm nwere a nnukwu mmetụta ọ bụghị nanị na ndị mmadụ nke Germany, kamakwa ndị dị iche iche nke ụwa. Ha mere a ezigbo onyinye mmepe nke asụsụ sayensị, kere ọtụtụ narị ọrụ nke-adịghị anwụ anwụ ụmụaka, gosiri site atụ ihe ịhụnanya nke mba na ndị ezinụlọ.