BusinessỤlọ ọrụ

Kamov helicopters: niile ụdị. Photos na nkọwa

The mbụ helicopters Kamov (Ka) anya na anya 1953. April 14 multi-nzube helikọpta Ka-15 kemgbe a ọsụ ụzọ nke uka mmepụta, kere ibuo Design Bureau (OKB) aha Nikolay Ilyich Kamov. Bureau of ama mmebe ugboro ugboro gosipụtara ya uru na na omume na họrọ atụmatụ irè. Otu n'ime iche atụmatụ na nwere helicopters Kamov imewe Bureau, - coaxial kposara. Nke a na atụmatụ ekwe ojiji nke igwe na dị iche iche ubi na ebe (agha, ọgwụ, nnapụta, na ndị ọzọ dị mkpa ndi).

Ebe mbụ ụgbọ elu kemgbe ihe karịrị afọ 60, na "Kamov" helicopters sịrị ka na-enwe obosara-ewu ewu. The Russian agha ụgbọelu na ogwe aka bụ a dị ize ndụ ma na irè ngwá agha pụrụ ime nke kasị dị mgbagwoju ọgụ ọzọ.

Ka-15

The oge mbụ Kamov helicopters e mepụtara nanị maka Navy. N'ihi na a ogologo oge coaxial helical circuit bụ ihe e ji mara nke imewe Bureau. Ọ bụ omume na-enweta na na mmepụta nke a mma-jisiri na vysokomanovrennye helicopters, na ndị a niile uru n'ụzọ zuru okè egosipụtawo onwe ha na mgbe a dịtụ obere size ígwè ọrụ.

Otu n'ime ihe mbụ na ihe ịga nke ọma e Edo technology "Kamov" - na Ka-15. NATO mgbakwunye nyere igwe akparị codification nke "ọkụkọ." Ọ bụ nke a na-ebe helikọpta ship ahụ bụ nke mbụ nlereanya ka na-ebu na wepụtara na 354 mbipụta.

nso nke e mepụtara ebe ọ bụ na ufọt ufọt 50-ies nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ. Project okirikiri nhọrọ ukwuu na imewe atụmatụ e mma Morflot na n'oge 1952. Kamov (helicopters Designer) maara na igwe a ga-eji na ụgbọ mmiri ngwá, otú ahụ ka nlereanya bụ nnọọ kọmpat na dịtụ ìhè. Tinyere ya ogologo Ka-15 bụ fọrọ nke nta ugboro abụọ ala karịa ọbụna n'onye kasị nta mgbanwe nke Mi-1. Ọzọkwa, ndị na-emepụta jisiri dabara dị otú ahụ a obere igwe ofufe niile dị mkpa na akụrụngwa.

Military ọnwụnwa nke abụọ ụdị (otu-rotor Mi-1 circuit na coaxial Ka-15) na ugbo agha "Mikhail Kutuzov" gosiri nnọọ nnukwu ihe maka technology Kamov. Ọ bụrụ na ndị Mi-1 E ịrịba nanị na ụgbọ elu na ụgbọ oche n'ihi na nke ndị na ọdụ rotor na ọdụ ogologo ọganihu, na Ka-15 ama nnọọ nke ọma ma nọdụ ala na a obere ebe ruru ya obere size, na isii mgbe oké osimiri ọnọdụ.

Dị ka ule results, Soviet-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri akpatre kwenyesiri ike na Usoro nke ikuku ụgbọ mmiri ụdị nwere ike ime na-enweghị coaxial, ma o nweghi uzo nke Kamov helicopters (niile ụdị).

Malite ịgba njikọ Navy dechara na OKB Kamov igwe kemgbe 1957. N'agbanyeghị ezi arụmọrụ, ụgbọ elu nlereanya bụ adighi ike dị ka ihe mgbochi-okpuru mmiri ngwá, na nke a na a na-egosi oge, ọ bụ a mkpa. Otu igwe nwere ike ebuli naanị abụọ sonar boi (nsuso iro submarines), akara ngwá e kwajuru n'ime ọzọ helikọpta, na-atọ ndị omimi ebubo. The usoro bụ nnọọ na-achọghị, otú Morflot ke 1963 jụrụ Ka-15 na ihu ọma nke ọhụrụ tolite nke otu imewe Bureau.

nkọwa nlereanya

Ụgbọ elu arụmọrụ kwa Ka-15:

  • N'uko - 3500 m.
  • Nso - 278 km.
  • Oke manned ọsọ - 155 km / h.
  • Reserve n'oge takeoff ibu - 1460 n'arọ.
  • The ọrụ - 1 onye.
  • Ibu - 300 kg ma ọ bụ 2 ndị mmadụ.
  • The n'obosara nke isi rotor - 9,96 m.
  • etiti ogologo - 6,26 m.

Ka-25

Helikọpta Kamov 25 Series - na ọ bụ mgbochi ship igwe ụdị. Nlereanya a na-isi ihe na-e guzobere mba Bureau na naval ụgbọelu dị ka a dum. The Ka-25 e mepụtara ka a na ngwá ọrụ na-alụ ọgụ na nuclear submarines nwere onye iro.

The mbụ ụdị nke ụdị arụnyere Rada ihe niile na-gburugburu nọchiri ihu agha aga-eme bezorientirnoy n'elu mmiri n'elu. N'ihi ya egosipụta ọtụtụ ihe na ọgụgụ isi kee helikọpta Kamov 25-usoro ejewo ozi na anyị nsoro nke fọrọ nke nta ka afọ 30.

The mbụ ụgbọ elu nke Ka-25 wee ebe on May 20, 1961, na mgbe afọ anọ gasịrị na ụgbọala na-etinye na ebu na Ulan-Ude. Ruo 1969 model bụ nanị multi-nzube helikọpta nke na-enweghị analogues na anụ ụlọ ụgbọelu ụlọ ọrụ. Ma mgbe ndị Soviet na-emepụta togboro a ohuru ọgụ helikọpta Mi-24 helicopters Kamov (lee foto. N'isiokwu) malitere ofufe na ụlọ ọrụ ndị Mile ígwè ọrụ.

Helicopter Ka-25 bụ ezigbo agha enyemaka na ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri kpam ruru eru ha. The usoro a na-ebu anyị Morflot ruo mgbe 1991, na mgbanwe na lekwasịrị designation (Ka-25TS) - ruo ufọt ufọt 90s. Total nwere ike ịgụ 18 usoro nke ọdịiche dị iche iche ebumnobi na ebe. All ọrụ nke igwe (1965-1973 gg.) À anakọtara banyere 460 nkeji nke Ka-25 technology.

igwe Atụmatụ

Ụgbọ elu arụmọrụ kwa Ka-25 helikọpta:

  • N'uko - 4000 m.
  • Nso - 650 km.
  • Manned ọsọ kacha - 220 km / h.
  • Reserve n'oge takeoff ibu - 7500 n'arọ.
  • Na ndi oru ugbo - 2 ndị mmadụ.
  • Ibu - 1100 n'arọ.
  • The njem - 12 ndị mmadụ.
  • The n'obosara nke isi rotor - 15,74 m.
  • etiti ogologo - 9,75 m.
  • Machine elu - 5,37 m.

Ka-50

Site n'oge 80-ies na USSR isi agha helikopta ọgụ utom bụ nlereanya mmebe nnù - Mi-24. "Old mmadụ" ka na ọrụ anyị agha, ma, ọbụna n'oge ahụ ndị agha na-edu ndú kpebiri na a igwe adịghị izute niile mkpa nke ndị agha.

Mi-24 kere "na-efe efe bipu ọgụ ugbo ala" echiche. Nke ahụ bụ, na igwe bụ ike ọ bụghị naanị ibu wakpo omume, kama, ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa ibughari ngalaba paratroopers. Nke a mgbanwe, N'ezie, na-emetụta ndị na-alụ ọgụ àgwà Mile technology. Ọzọkwa, Soviet ọgụgụ isi na-esiwanye okosobode na mmepe na ubi ule nke a ọhụrụ nlereanya nke US Air Force - agha helikọpta AH-64 "Apache".

Design Bureau ka nlezianya tụlee ihe ọmụma natara na zara a yiri ujo Americans ịzụlite Ka-50 "Black Shark". Kamov Helikọpta Series 50 na-agbala na June 1982 na ghọrọ a masterpiece nke Russian agha ụgbọelu, ma ọ bụghị na-ata na-amalite ná ndụ.

atụmatụ helikọpta

Ihe nlereanya aghọwo a na-fledged ujo unit na si anagide mbibi nke armored ugbo ala, engineering owuwu na iwepụ agha bụ ndị iro n'ọgbọ agha. Single igwe ama maara coaxial usoro e onwem na a okpu ogbe a catapult na rọketi na parachute edumbet. Ndị dị otú ahụ a usoro na-enye ohere pilot na n'enweghị ahapụ helikọpta na gbapụrụ ọsọ ruo 400 km / h n'ebe ịdị elu nke ọ bụla karịrị 4000 mita na-enweghị kacha nta mgbochi.

Innovation mgbe ọtụtụ ndị mejupụtara ihe, nke mere banyere a atọ nke arọ nke dum igwe imewe, budata belata n'ozuzu ibu tụnyere gara aga ọgbọ nke helicopters. Ọ dịkwa ike dịkwuo ọrụ ndụ nke onye nkeji, na na pụrụ ịdabere na survivability akụrụngwa.

Russian Helikọpta 'Kamov "a na-akpọ" Black Shark "mere a obere usoro nke ibe. Adịbeghị anya mbipụta e nye ndi-agha na 2009. All nwere ike mma-agụ 15 ụgbọala Ka-50, tinyere ule akụrụngwa. Site na nnukwu, nlereanya a aghọwo ihe bara oké uru ahụmahụ maka Kamov imewe Bureau, ikwe ka ubi na-arụ ọrụ na otutu teknụzụ na ọhụrụ ngwá ọrụ nke ndị agha.

atụmatụ helikọpta

Ụgbọ elu arụmọrụ kwa Ka-50:

  • N'uko - 5500 m.
  • Nso - 1160 km.
  • Oke manned ọsọ - 390 km / h.
  • Reserve n'oge takeoff ibu - 10.800 n'arọ.
  • The ọrụ - 1 onye.
  • Ibu - 2000 n'arọ.
  • The n'obosara nke isi rotor - 14.5 m.
  • etiti ogologo - 13.5 m.

Ca-52

Ahụmahụ e nwetara site development Ka-50 e n'ụzọ zuru ezu na-emejuputa atumatu ọhụrụ multifunction igwe mmetụta ụdị Ca-52 "Gator". Akara aka nke ọhụrụ ọgbọ nke helicopters Kamov nwere ike na-akpọ a ịga nke ọma.

Ikpe ikpe si data, nke ọkọnọ Russian Air Force bụ 72 Ka-52 nkeji ke ọrụ nke anyị agha. Ọzọkwa, ndị agha ahụ kwubiri a ogologo oge nkwekọrịta na Kamov imewe Bureau na-agụnye retrofitting technology ruo 2020 (banyere 150 multi-nzube agha helikọpta "agu iyi" ụdị).

pụrụ iche atụmatụ

Isi ihe dị iche n'etiti ọhụrụ Ka-52 si "Black Shark" - bụ ntoputa nke ngalaba-pilot, na ohere zuru ezu iji ofufe n'oge ọ bụla, ọ bụla ihu igwe. Ọ bụ uru na-arịba ama na aga na ọgbọ nke Ka-50 ike-eduzi arụmọrụ n'abalị.

Mgbanwe "agu iyi" site banyere 85% e kwekọọ igwe Ka-50. Ọhụrụ ahụ bịaranụ Ka-52 nwetara powerplant, ọdụ na n'etiti akụkụ nke fuselage, nku na empennage ụgbọelu usoro Chassis. The n'ihu akụkụ nke helikọpta ụba ubé, ka hụrụ copilot oche. Dị ka a pilot, nnapụta usoro a na-eji ihe niile ahụ rọketi na parachute catapult dị ka "Black Shark". Natara a isi upgrade instrumentation na kokpiiti. Ugbu a, e nwere oge a na LCD ngosipụta kama omenala electromechanical pointers.

Na biakwa obibia nke abụọ pilot igwe aghọwo ihe a pụrụ ịdabere na, dị ka ibu na-arụ ọrụ na-akọrọ abụọ. Ọzọkwa, ndị na-emepụta na-atụle ihe ò ndokwa ndị ụgbọelu na-adịghị na tandem (ọ bụla ọzọ), ka eme na ndị ọzọ agha helicopters, na ubu. N'ihi ndokwa a, ndị butere budata ụba nchikota nke ọrụ na ọ dịghị mkpa ka wụnye ọzọ dashboard, na a gụnyere ya ná arọ nke dum Ọdịdị na iwelata nnyonye anya na oyiri ngwaọrụ.

First ụgbọ elu "agu iyi" Ẹkenịm ke utịt June 1997. On ebu ụgbọ ala bịara na na njedebe nke 2008 ruru ka mmepụta ike nke osisi "Ọganihu", emi odude ke obere obodo nke Arsenyev. State ule agha àmà na-agwụ agwụ site na 2011, ma n'otu oge ahụ, Ka-52 banyere ọrụ ugbo elu Russian ọgụ nkeji.

nzube igwe

"Agu iyi" e mere maka ọgụ arụmọrụ niile ihu igwe na ọnọdụ na bụ enwe ike iwepụ onye iro armored ngwá, tinyere ndụ ike nke onye iro, nakwa dị ka ebịne iro helicopters na kenkwucha omimi.

Ọzọkwa, Ca-52 obi ike gosiri onwe ya na ọgụgụ isi arụmọrụ. Ọ pụrụ ịrụ hardware ezubere iche na iche nkesa na-ekwenyere ndị ya Usoro (ọgụ ugbo elu na ala agha). The igwe bụ ike inye ọkụ cover ọdịda, agagharị na ebe na-eso ọ bụla ogidi nke ma ndị nkịtị na ndị agha na nzube. Taa ọ bụ na nganga nke Russian Aviation na vasatail agha ngwá ọrụ na-nwee ike ịrụ a nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọgụ ọzọ, na na a na-akwanyere ùgwù anya si n'ụlọ ebe.

Key egosi nke nlereanya

Ụgbọ elu arụmọrụ kwa Ka-52:

  • N'uko - 5500 m.
  • Nso - 1160 km.
  • Oke manned ọsọ - 300 km / h.
  • Reserve n'oge takeoff ibu - 10.400 n'arọ.
  • Na ndi oru ugbo - 2 ndị mmadụ.
  • Ibu - 2000 n'arọ.
  • The n'obosara nke isi rotor - 14.5 m.
  • etiti ogologo - 14,2 m.

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