Mgbe na 1983 na United States na nakweere MLRS MLRS, nke site e ji mara ya bụ ndị a pụrụ iji tụnyere Soviet "Hurricane" usoro eji na 1975, NATO mba kpebiri na-egburu ndị Soviet Union na usoro nke salvo ọkụ. Otú ọ dị, ha nwere a na mberede. Mgbe afọ anọ gasịrị, na 1987, adiaha reactive ogbunigwe ndi agha nke Soviet Army banyere echichi "Smerch".
History nke e kere eke
The ọrụ ịzụlite a ọhụrụ rọketi usoro tupu ya, na mgbakwunye na omenala aga-eme maka mbibi nke ngwá, ngwá agha, manpower, airfields na mkpara, na-aghọ na mbibi nke kenkwucha agba. N'ihi nke a ọ dị mkpa ka iwelie ziri ezi na firing nso. Maka mmepe nke ndị dị otú a usoro ya si Tula Design Bureau nke State Research na Production Enterprise "Fusion", nke e mere ọtụtụ rọketi launchers Russia. General mmebe bụ Alexander Nikitivich Ganichev, na mgbe ya na ọnwụ - Denezhkin Gennadiy Alekseevich.
Design na atụmatụ
Ná mmalite nke ọrụ ndị na-emepụta na-eche a ịrịba nsogbu. All agha launchers Russia na ụwa, na-amalite kpara "Katyusha", na onye na-abawanye na firing nso ida ha isi uru - volley ọkụkụ lekwasịrị emeghị, metụtara a nnukwu dispersal Tammy. Iji merie a drawback, mbụ ụgbọ elu nke a mgbazi e etinyere na ụwa nke kwuru mgbọ na pitch na yaw. Site na iji a pụrụ iche akara usoro kụrụ ziri ezi rụzuru na abụọ, na izi ezi - ugboro atọ elu karịa nke yiri mba ọzọ na usoro nke salvo ọkụ. Ọzọkwa, na projectile etinyere a mma siri ike-esikwu. All ndị na-emenụ na-egosi na echichi nke "Twister" - a agha nke a fundamentally ọhụrụ larịị nke na-enweghị atụ na nso na-egbu ike ọku, mbibi nke armored ugbo ala na manpower nwere onye iro.
nkwere nke mgbọ
RZSO "Twister" - echichi nke volley ọkụ. Ọ nwere a na igba egbe na ndu akpa 12, karị, na mgbọ agụnye 12 iche iche nke agba. Tụlee ụfọdụ n'ime ha. 9M55K shei nwere a isi òkè na fragmentation ọcha. E na-arụ adụ-gbara akpụkpọ technology na manpower na-emeghe obodo. The projectile mejupụtara 9M55K1 homing submunitions. E ibibi n'elu armored ugbo ala na tankị. Agba 9M55K3 na K4 na-eji mgbochi na ndị mgbochi Ngwuputa karị. The isi òkè 646 a kwadebere n'ụzọ 9M55K5 submunitions na ekara-fragmentation lethality. Punch 120 mm homogeneous agha na ndị kasị dị irè megide bipu nke na-akpali na BMP na APCs. Agha 9M55F mejupụtara a kemwepu elu-agbawa agbawa fragmentation warhead. Ọ ebibi manpower, nkwukọrịta emmepe, n'isi ụlọ ọrụ, ngwá agha na ụlọ ọrụ. The kasị ọgba projectile ka "Twister" bụ 9M55S onwem thermobaric warhead (a na-akpọ mmanụ ụgbọala-air explosives, ma ọ bụ agụụ bọmbụ). Materials nke ala ule, nke na-ekpebi arụmọrụ nke ya eji, na-nkewa.
Ugbu a, dabere na n'elu munitions mepụtara ọhụrụ agba na ụba firing nso nke 90 kilomita. Ọ ga-kwuru ọzọ unconventional warhead. Ọ bụ a agha na ihe unmanned ugbo elu, nke a na-bu n'obi na-nyochaa na onye iro nyoputa onyeiro ruo ọkara awa, na nwere nnukwu ogo invulnerability ekele ya obere size.
The mgbagwoju MRL
Volley echichi "Smerch" mejupụtara a ọgụ ụgbọala 9A52, kere na ndabere nke anọ axle Chassis na elu cross-MAZ 543 ụgbọala. Ọ kpọkọtara a ngwugwu nke 12 na-eduzi a tubular udi, e nwere radio nkwurịta okwu ngwa, nakwa dị ka dị na ngwá ọkụ akara usoro. transportnozaryazhayuschaya igwe na-eji maka itinye obubata, nwere 9T234 index, nakwa na MAZ-543. The mbupụ version nke MLRS na-enye, na-arịọ arịrịọ, a dochie anya ụgbọ ala "Tatra-816." Nke a bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na ná mba ụfọdụ, dị ka India, e nwere a ọma mepụtara ọrụ nke ọrụ a. Iji hụ na oru oma ọgụ ngwa ntọala na-eji: mgbagwoju IQ (Automatic ọku akara) 9S729M1 "Wụnyenụ-1" KamAZ-43114 ( «Tatra-T815"); Ugbo ala nke Gọọmenti (1T12-2M index, GAZ-66); Meteorological radiopelengatsionny mgbagwoju 1B44 "Ọchị" ( "Ural-43203").
N'ókèala na ogwe aka na RZSO
Erule oge Soviet Union dara na ogwe aka nke atọ regiments rọketi ogbunigwe e echichi "Smerch". 336 ndi agha mgbe 1991 nọgidere na Belarus, 337 - na Russia, na 371 - na Ukraine. Na mgbakwunye na n'elu-e kwuru mba, echichi na-eje ozi na Azerbaijan, Algeria, Venezuela, Georgia, India, Kuwait, UAE, Peru na Turkmenistan. Part nke tankị na mba ndị a na-enịm kpọmkwem Rosoboronexport, na ụfọdụ e rere si mee nke Soviet Ukraine na Belarus. China-arụpụta RZSO "Smerch" a ikikere na ya Chassis.
ekwe nmepe
Na taa Russia na-emepe emepe ọhụrụ agha usoro. A foto nke otu onye n'ime ha na-anọchi anya na uche gị. Nke a echichi nke "Kama" ọhụrụ Chassis KAMAZ-6350 na-6 rails kama 12, nke mbụ e owụt ke aerospace show "MAKS-2007". RZSO nwekwara aga n'ihu na-ịzụlite ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke "tonado", nke ga-adịghị anya ịrịọchitere na ọgụ ọrụ na Russian Army na njikere agha nke mba ndị ọzọ.