Polyester resins: Nlụpụta na-arụ ọrụ na ha

Na-adịbeghị anya, polyester resins nwetara a otutu ewu ewu. Mbụ niile, ha na-na ina ka a isi akụrụngwa na mmepụta nke GRP, a siri ike na ìhè na-ewu ihe.

Production nke resins: a nzọụkwụ mbụ

Olee na-amalite na mmepụta nke polyester resins? Usoro a na-amalite na mmanụ ala distillation - n'oge a ekenyela dị iche iche bekee: benzene, ethylene na propylene. Ha na-achọrọ na-emepụta anhydrides, polybasic asịd, glycols. Mgbe nri ọnụ a niile mmiri na-emepụta a na-akpọ isi resin, nke na a ụfọdụ ogbo ga-jiriwo styrene. Nke ikpeazụ ihe onwunwe, n'ihi na ihe atụ, nwere ike ịbụ 50% nke okokụre ngwaahịa. Mgbe a na ogbo na-ekwe ka ere njikere mere resin, ma ogbo mmepụta ka ọ bụghị dị ka n'elu: Echefula banyere saturation nke dị iche iche nwekwara. Ọ bụ ekele dị otú ahụ mmiri okokụre resin enweta ya pụrụ iche Njirimara.

The mejupụtara nke ngwakọta nwere ike ịdị iche emeputa - a ọtụtụ na-adabere na ebe ga-kpọmkwem etinyere polyester resin. Ndị ọkachamara na-eburu ihe ndị kasị ezigbo Nchikota dị ọrụ ga-eme bekee na kpamkpam dị iche iche Njirimara.

Production nke resin: a nzọụkwụ nke abụọ

Ọ dị mkpa ka okokụre ngwakọta bụ siri ike - na-na-na-atụ anya mgbe polymerization usoro-abịa na njedebe. Ọ bụrụ na ọ kwụsịrị, na ihe onwunwe bụ na ire ere - na ọ na-n'omume polymerized. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-eme ihe ọ bụla na ya, na-polymerization na-aga n'ihu, na umi a chọrọ kwesie. N'ihi nke a, ndị resin nchekwa oge bụ nnọọ nta: ndị okenye na ihe onwunwe, na njọ ikpeazụ ya Njirimara. The polymerization nwekwara ike-kwụsịlata - n'ihi nzube a, friji, hardening adịghị ime n'ebe ahụ.

Iji mmepụta ogbo na dechara, na okokụre ngwaahịa, na resin dịkwa mkpa iji tinye ihe abụọ dị mkpa mmiri: a mkpali na activator. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ha rụrụ ọrụ ya: ngwakọta amalite ikpo ọgbọ, nke na-eme ka polymerization usoro. Nke ahụ bụ isi iyi nke mpụga okpomọkụ a chọrọ - ihe niile na-eme na-enweghị ya.

Ọganihu nke polymerization usoro a na-achịkwa - nkezi nke mmiri a na-achịkwa. Ebe ọ bụ na n'ihi na kọntaktị n'etiti ndị mkpali na activator nwere ike atụgharị mgbawa ngwakọta, nke ikpeazụ a na-emekarị ẹkenam n'ime resin nanị n'okpuru mmepụta, ndị mkpali na kwukwara tupu were, ọ na-adịkarị ọnọ iche iche. Naanị mgbe polymerization usoro kpamkpam okokụre, umi siri ike, o nwere ike kwubiri na mmepụta nke polyester resins na dechara.

The malite resin

Gịnị bụ ihe na ya mbụ ala? Nke a na mmanụ aṅụ na-dị ka, viscous mmiri mmiri onye na agba dịgasị si ọchịchịrị aja aja ìhè odo. Mgbe ndinọ ka a ụfọdụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke hardeners, polyester resin bụ mbụ ubé na esi ike, mgbe ahụ, na-aghọ a gelatinous ala. A obere ka e mesịrị, ndị anọgidesi yiri roba, mgbe - umi Obi (aghọ infusible, unyi anaghị agbasa).

Ndị dị otú ahụ a usoro a na-akpọkarị bụla., dị ka ọ na-eme na a awa ole na ole na nkịtị okpomọkụ. Mgbe resin na ihe siri ike ala, ya yiri a ike inogide ihe dị mfe na-agba iche iche na agba. A, ọ na-eji na Nchikota na iko eriri (GRP), ọ rụrụ ọrụ nke ndị na-ewu mmewere maka imewe nke iche iche na ngwaahịa - dị polyester resin. Ntuziaka mgbe na-arụ ọrụ ndị a mixtures dị ezigbo mkpa. Ọ dị mkpa na-edebe ọ bụla na-ekwu.

Isi uru

Polyester resin na sikwuo ike ikwu bụ magburu onwe-ewu ihe. Ha na-ji ike, elu ike, ndị magburu onwe dielectric Njirimara, na-eyi ndị na-eguzogide, chemical eguzogide. Echefula na n'oge ọrụ nke ngwaahịa nke polyester resin bụ nchebe site na gburugburu ebe obibi na-ekwu. Ụfọdụ n'ibu Njirimara nke na-ejikọta na-eji ọnụ na faiba glaasi, onye arụmọrụ bụ reminiscent nke parameters nke bughi ígwè (na ụfọdụ ọbụna gafere). Manufacturing technology bụ ọnụ ala, mfe, nchebe, n'ihi na umi na-gwọrọ na nkịtị ụlọ okpomọkụ na-enweghị ngwa nke mgbali ọbụna chọrọ. Ntọhapụ nke obodo ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ site na-ngwaahịa adịghị ewere ọnọdụ, ma ọ bụrụ na e nwere otu obere shrinkage. Ya mere, iji mee ka a ngwaahịa, adịghị mkpa oké ọnụ cumbersome echichi dịghị mkpa na okpomọkụ, ikwe ka ụlọ ọrụ na-ngwa ngwa na-amụta dị ka a nnukwu-ike na ala-na-tonnage mmepụta. Echefula banyere ala na-eri polyester resins - a ọnụ ọgụgụ bụ ugboro abụọ obere karịa nke epoxy kachasị yitebe.

ntọt ke mmepụta

Anyị agaghị eleghara eziokwu ahụ ugbu a na mmepụta nke unsaturated polyester resin bụ inweta ọkụ na onye ọ bụla na-agafe afọ - ọ bụghị nanị mba anyị, ma na-nkịtị mba ọzọ na-ewu ewu. Ọ bụrụ na i kweere na uche nke ndị ọkachamara, ọnọdụ a ga-anọgide na-abịanụ.

ọghọm resins

N'ezie, polyester resins nwekwara nwere ihe ndọghachi azụ ụfọdụ, dị ka ọ bụla ọzọ ihe. Ka ihe atụ, styrene eji dị ka ihe mgbaze n'oge mmepụta. Ọ bụ flammable, bụ nnọọ na-egbu egbu. N'oge, anyị ugbua kere dị otú ahụ ụdị ndị na-enweghị na ha mejupụtara nke styrene. Ọzọ doro anya oghom flammability. Unmodified unsaturated polyester resins ọkụ dị nnọọ ka osisi siri ike. Nke a nsogbu ya: àkù ẹkenam ke powder fillers (ala molekụla ibu organic compound na a ọdịnaya nke fluorine na chlorine, antimony trioxide), mgbe ụfọdụ, eji chemical mgbanwe - tetrachlorophthalic ndinọ, hlorendikovuyu acid, ụfọdụ multidimensional: vinyl chloroacetate, chlorostyrene, na ndị ọzọ na ogige nke nwere chlorine.

The mejupụtara nke resin

Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-atụle na Ọdịdị nke unsaturated polyester resins, e nwere ike kwuru multi-akụrụngwa ngwakọta nke chemical ọcha nke dị iche iche ọdịdị - ọ bụla n'ime ha rụrụ ụfọdụ ihe aga-eme. The isi mmiri na-mere nke polyester resin, ha nwere dị iche iche ọrụ. Ka ihe atụ, polyester - bụ isi akụrụngwa. Ọ bụ a ngwaahịa nke a polycondensation mmeghachi omume nke polyhydric alcohols nke-eme na anhydrides ma ọ bụ polycarboxylic asịd.

Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-ekwu banyere polyols, e ina diethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, propylene glycol. Mee adipic anhydride, fumaric acid, phthalic na maleic anhydrides. Nkedo polyester resin agatụghị ndidi omume ma ọ bụrụ na polyester na a ala nke njikere maka nhazi nwere a ala molekụla arọ (banyere 2,000). Na usoro nke-akpụ isiokwu ọ na-enyo n'ime a polima-enwe a atọ akụkụ network Ọdịdị, elu molekụla ibu (mgbe na-agwọ initiators na ẹkenam). Nke ahụ bụ, dị a Ọdịdị enye chemical-eguzogide, elu ike ihe.

The mgbaze-monomer

Ọzọ obligatory akụrụngwa - monomer-mgbaze. N'ihi ya, mgbaze anamde a sọrọ ọrụ. Ke akpa idaha ọ na-achọrọ iji belata viscosity nke resin na a larịị nke a choro maka nhazi (n'ihi na oke oké polyester onwe ya na ya).

N'aka nke ọzọ, ndị monomer bụ ifịk ifịk na usoro nke copolymerization na polyester, nke a na-nyere na-efu nke ezigbo polymerization ọnụego na a elu omimi nke na-agwọ ihe onwunwe (mgbe atụle iche iche polyesters, ha solidification emee nwayọọ nwayọọ zuru ezu). Hydroperoxide - na otu akụrụngwa na ị chọrọ nyefee na ihe siri ike kwuo si a mmiri mmiri - na n'ihi na ihe niile ha àgwà na-ewe ke a polyester resin. Ngwa nke mkpali a na-chọrọ mgbe eji unsaturated polyester resins.

ome osooso

Nke a mgwa nwere ike chepụtara n'ime polyesters ma n'oge rụpụta na mgbe nhazi emee (tupu mgbakwunye na nke initiator). N'ihi na ọtụtụ ezigbo agwọ accelerators Polymers nwere ike kwuru cobalt nnu (cobalt octoate, cobalt naphthenate). The polymerization ga bụghị nanị mee ngwangwa, ma rụọ ọrụ, ọ bụ ezie na mgbe ụfọdụ ọ slowed. The nzuzo bụ na ọ bụrụ na ị na-adịghị eji accelerators na initiators, na okokụre ihe onwunwe ga-onwe-etolite free radicals, n'ihi nke polymerization ga-eme nká - ogologo mgbe nchekwa. Iji gbochie ụdị a onu, nwere ike ime na-enweghị inhibitor (inhibitor) bụla..

Ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe nke inhibitor

The usoro nke ihe nke a akụrụngwa bụ: ọ interacts na free radicals na-erukwa na n'oge ruo n'oge, na-akpata guzobere radicals ma ọ bụ na-adịghị ejekwa ogige ndị na-enweghị a buu okike. Inhibitors-emekarị na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ dị otú ahụ bekee: quinones, tricresol, benzophenone, ụfọdụ nke organic asịd. The mejupụtara nke polyesters inhibitors ndinọ obere obere n'oge rụpụta.

ọzọ nwekwara

The mmiri kọwara n'elu - bụ isi, kpomkwem n'ihi na ha nwere ike na-arụ ọrụ na ma a polyester resin na a nragide. Otú ọ dị, na omume, na usoro nke na-akpụ isiokwu zuru ezu nnukwu ego nke mmako ẹkenam n'ime polyesters, nke, n'aka, na-ebu a dịgasị iche iche nke ọrụ, gbanwee Njirimara nke na-amalite ihe. N'etiti ndị dị otú mmiri nwere ike kwuru particulate fillers - ndinọ kpọmkwem iji belata shrinkage, dị ọnụ ala karịa ihe onwunwe na-amụba ọkụ eguzogide. Ọ kwesịkwara kwuru faiba glaasi (nwee ume mmadụ), na ojiji nke a bụ n'ihi na elu n'ibu Njirimara. E nwere ndị ọzọ nwekwara: stabilizers, plasticizers, e ji esiji ákwà, na otú pụta.

iko eriri ute

Ka ọkpụrụkpụ n'ihi na ihe owuwu nke iko emep uta eri nwere ike dị iche iche. Glass ute - faiba glaasi, nke bee n'ime obere iberibe, ha ogologo dịgasị n'etiti 12-50 mm. The ọcha na-bonded ọnụ site ọzọ ruo nwa oge nragide, nke na-abụkarị na-eme ntụ ntụ ma ọ emulsion. Resin epoxy polyester eji maka mmepụta nke iko eriri ute, nke na-ekewet nke esiwọrọ ndokwa enweghị usoro, faiba glaasi dị ka ọdịdị ya yiri ihe nkịtị ákwà. Iji nweta ihe-akacha ike kwesịrị iji a dị iche iche ika nke faiba glaasi.

Ke ofụri ofụri, iko eriri ute nwere obere na ike, ma ha na-nnọọ mfe aka. Mgbe e jiri ya tụnyere faiba glaasi, ihe mma ndị a na udi nke matriks. N'ihi na na emep uta eri na-adịghị ezu inwe random nghazi, ute nwere ike na o siri ike na-anya isi dị elu ike. Otú ọ dị, ọ pụrụ ịbụ nnọọ mfe infiltrate na resin dị ka ọ bụ nro, na rụrụ na oké, bụ a bit dị ka a ogbo. Ihe bụ n'ezie adụ, moldable enye enweghị a nsogbu. The laminate, ihe atụ, na-eme ka ndị dị otú ahụ ute, ji dị ịrịba ama n'ibu Njirimara, elu-eguzogide megide ikuku ọnọdụ (ọbụna n'ime ogologo oge).

Ebe iji iko eriri ute

Matt okụt ngwa na ubi nke na kọntaktị ịkpụzi, na-enwe ike-emepụta na ngwaahịa nke mgbagwoju shapes. Ngwaahịa mere nke a na ihe onwunwe na-eji a dịgasị iche iche nke ebe:

• na shipbuilding ụlọ ọrụ (ewu canoes, ụgbọ mmiri, yachts, ryborezki, dị iche iche esịtidem owuwu na na.);
• iko ute na polyester resin n'ọrụ na akpakanamde ụlọ ọrụ (dị iche iche igwe akụkụ, cylinders, banyeghachi n'ụgbọala anyị, diffusers, tankị, dashboards, casings, wdg);
• na ụlọ ọrụ (ụfọdụ, ndị nke osisi na ngwaahịa, na-ewu nke bọs na-akwụsị, baffles na na. d.).

E nwere ike ịbụ dị iche iche njupụta iko ute, nakwa dị ka ọkpụrụkpụ. Ikewapụ ihe onwunwe site arọ nke otu square mita, nke a na-tụrụ na grams. Hụrụ zuru ezu mkpa ihe onwunwe, n'ụzọ ikuku (steklovual) nwekwara a oké, nke fọrọ nke nta ka a blanket (eji enwetara ndị chọrọ ọkpụrụkpụ nke ngwaahịa na-enweta chọrọ ike).