Loire - osimiri na France: nkọwa

A na-eju osimiri ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ kemgbe otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mkpa waterways na ada site nnọọ center nke France na ụwa osimiri. Ma ọ bụ ebe a na-na nnukwu ụgbọ mmiri ndị si Atlantic na ala nke obi. Taa, osimiri bụ navigable, ma na etiti nke mba ụzọ na-emechi. The kasị ibu osimiri na France - Laura.

About puku afọ abụọ mbupu e n'ọtụtụ ebe mepụtara na osimiri. Ebe a, ebe ndị IX narị afọ mụụrụ ọrụ owuwu na ndị na-ewu dams maka nchedo nke ụmụ mmadụ niile na-egbo mkpa nke igodo. Ma mgbe ndị dam bụghị ike jide a iju mmiri nke nnukwu na-ejighị n'aka osimiri (1856 na 1866 mberede afọ).

Tupu anyị na-ekwu banyere ya, lee ihe ndị ọzọ osimiri igba site n'ókèala France.

French River: a obere nkọwa

France nwere a zuru ezu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke hydrological ego. Ná mba a, e nweghị ihicha elu nke ọdọ mmiri na osimiri, bụ na a pụtara ọnọdụ Maritime idụhe bụ na-ekpo ọkụ, mmiri ozuzo nọgidere n'ime afọ. Nke a, n'ezie, na-eme ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na dum mmiri usoro bụ fọrọ nke nta na-agbanweghi agbanwe.

The mgbagwoju ọdịdị nke ọdọ France na-agụnye ọtụtụ narị obere ponds na nnukwu osimiri. Ma, e nwere ná mba a nwere ya peculiarity. Dị ka dị ala osimiri na France (fleuves) na-ahụta mmiri ozugbo eru n'ime ụwa osimiri. Na e nwere ndị a na mba - 131, na na 10 n'ime ha (Loire, na Rhine, nke Rhône, na Meuse, na Garonne, na Seine, na Charente, Dordogne, na Scheldt na Adour) nwere a ogologo n'elu 300 km. Na niile nke ndị a osimiri efere ogide ihe karịrị 400 puku. Square kilomita nke ókèala nke dum ala (70%).

Ndị a osimiri na France bụ isi nkụnye ndị eji isi mee. The olu eruba na ọnụ nwere ndị na-esonụ ụkpụrụ (na cubic mita / sec.): Loire - 931, Raine - 2300, Rhône - 1690, Maas - 400 Garonne - 650, ẹkwọ - 563, Charente - 49 Dordogne - 380 Scheldt - 104 na Adour - 350. ha ngụkọta kwa afọ nzukọ nke mmiri na ngụkọta uka banyere 40-45% nke ngụkọta kwa afọ ibu maka dum nke France. Odika 33-34% bụ osimiri eru n'ime oké osimiri: ndị Rhône, na Loire, Dordogne, Seine, Garonne, Adour na Charente. Ọdọ na-ahapụ mmiri n'ime France - Meuse, Rhine na Scheldt.

Loire River: Nhọrọ

Ọ empties n'ime Atlantic Ocean na ókèala nke France. 1020 kilomita bụ ogologo nke osimiri Loire. The map na-egosi na ọ bụ n'ezie ndị fọdụrụ n'ezinụlọ. Ya efere-ekpuchi ebe ndị karịa 115 000 sq. km, nke na-anọchi anya ihe karịrị 20% na Chile France, na njikọ na nke ọ bụ ihe kasị dị ịrịba ama na mkpa osimiri na mba.

waterway

The si malite nke Loire ewe nso a obere obodo, nke a na-akpọ St. Eulalie (na ngalaba Ardèche), emi odude ke n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Massif Central. The elu nke ebe a bụ 1408 mita n'elu oké osimiri.

River na France ya ụzọ obe na n'ebe ugwu na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ mkpọda nke n'usoro, na mgbe ahụ na-akawanye na Paris Basin mpaghara (di ala ala North French). Na ebe ndị a, eruba ọnụego tụlee n'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama, ọ na-emekwa n'ime a pụtara jụụ osimiri eru gafee ndagwurugwu na shoals na Zatoka. On ya n'ikperé mmiri nwere ọtụtụ ebe na France, dị ka Roanne, Orleans, Angers, Nevers, Blois, Tours na Nantes. City na River Loire Saint-Nazaire bụ a n'ókè nke confluence nke Atlantic Ocean.

The ụzọ nke osimiri ibido-agba site na ndịda ruo n'ebe ugwu rue obodo Orleans, mgbe nke ahụ na-agbagharị site n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ruo n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ obodo nke na Nantes. Mgbe ahụ, bụ osimiri na-eburu mmiri ya na Atlantic Ocean, na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe na direction.

enyemaka

Loire - osimiri, sitere na a nkume ugwu (mgbawa), nke a na-akpọ Gerbier de Jons (ngalaba Ardèche, na nso nke Vela na Vivarais). Banyere 150 kilomita site Oké Osimiri Mediterenian na-ewe meridian ihu n'ebe ugwu.

Mountain osimiri na oké ọsọ na a pụtara bụ nkume nkume n'etiti nnukwu konkiri boulders nke Massif Central. Ọ merie ugwu Vela crystal Ọdịdị (nke e nwere ọtụtụ gafee) na ugwu gburugburu Buter na Faure, na Beaujolais, Lyon na Madeleine.

Loire osimiri mode, ọdachi

Na mgbụsị akwụkwọ na oyi osimiri na-replenished Mediterranean mmiri ozuzo na oké osimiri sediments, na spring snowmelt na mmiri ozuzo na oké osimiri. N'oge okpomọkụ, na ọdọ mmiri bụ nnọọ ogbenye mmiri. Gịnị bụ ihe mere, lee ọzọ.

N'ihi na ebe ndị a na-ji na mberede fluctuations nke ọnọdụ ihu igwe, nke budata emetụta ala nke osimiri ahụ. Na a kama akọrọ summers Loire kpamkpam ju. Na aka ike ihu igwe deviations ezi mgbe iru kpata ajọ ụkpụrụ. E nwere dị iche emere. Mgbụsị akwụkwọ Mediterranean enwekarị oké ifufe mere na October na September, karị, 1846 na 1866., oké mmiri ozuzo na oké osimiri (oyi 1910 na 1936, karị.) Ma ruo ogologo oge mmiri ozuzo jikọtara na a nkọ mberede agbaze nke snow (n'oge okpomọkụ 1856).

tributary

Loire bụ isi tributary (ekpe ụlọ akụ) - River Allier. Ogologo ya dị 421 kilomita, mmiri eruba ọnụego - nkezi 140 m³ / s. More karịa 14 300 km² - mpaghara efere.

The mmiri na Allier nwere kasị ala ozo na okpomọkụ (July ka September). Isi ya na-nsogbu ke Massif Central. Ntụziaka nke eruba nke osimiri bụ tumadi n'ebe ugwu. On n'ikperé erukwa otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mma French obodo - Moulin (isi obodo nke eponymous ngalaba).

Nke a osimiri pụrụ iche na mmiri ya azụ ibi eke gburugburu ebe obibi - freshwater grayling.

Medieval elu, ebe mmasị

Loir Valley nwere nnukwu dịgasị iche iche nke mara mma oge ochie ụkpụrụ ụlọ owuwu: castles, obí eze, obodo oge ochie, na na. Ha na-ebu a ogologo oge nke na-akpali akpali dị ịrịba ama France.

Medieval elu ugboro àmà a dịgasị iche iche nke ndị agha ihe. Ekemende ghọọ mara mma akụkụ, ha na-akwa emmepe nke ọdịbendị na nkà (na ha nọ na-ege oké music, na-ekiri mara mma osise gosipụtawo ịrịba ama egwuregwu arụmọrụ, na-ede ma na-agụ abụ uri, akwụkwọ ọgụgụ, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. Al.). Nke a bụ ihe kasị ebube, fọrọ nke nta akụkọ-akụkọ ndagwurugwu.

Isi castles nke ndị a dị ịtụnanya n'ebe - Amboise, Langeais, Chenonceau, Azay-le-Rideau, Blois, Chaumont-sur-Loire, Chambord na Valanse. The ebube Loire Valley, dị n'agbata Chalon na imebi-sur-Loire e depụtara ka a UNESCO World onwunwe na 2000.

Sịkwa ihe Loire - osimiri, nke a na-akpọ eze, na ya na ndagwurugwu - eze ubi nke France, ma ọ bụ a uwe agbamakwụkwọ nke mba.

Ọ ga-kwuru na, n'ụzọ dị mwute, na-ezighị ezi na ime ihe rụrụ site nhicha ala Loire ígwè na-akpata mbibi dị ịrịba ama ochie ụkpụrụ ụlọ owuwu - Mụrụ Bridge (1978).

The uru nke osimiri n'ihi na mba

River na France bụ mkpa ọtụtụ ebe. Tumadi Loire - osimiri (dị ka Ron p.), Nke dị mkpa nke ukwuu na mmepụta nke ike maka mba. Ya n'ókèala a na-wuru (ke kasị elu efere) abụọ mgbochi: Nossal na Villerest (Alo osimiri efere), ọrụ taa tumadi maka obi jụrụ nuclear ngwa agha, emi odude ke anọ na France.

Ọzọkwa, bụ osimiri na-ejikọrọ na a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ọwa Seine (Niver na Briarsky) na osimiri Saône (Central), na p. Cher (Berry). Waters navigable naanị banyere upstream Nantes.

Ọ ga-kwuru Otú ọ dị, na Loire - osimiri ahụ ga-akwalite mmepe nke ugbo na njem.

Ná mmechi nke-egwu mmiri atụmatụ

The rapids na a osimiri na-awagharị site n'afọ ruo n'afọ. N'oge opupu ihe ubi, mgbe Loire jupụtara na ọtụtụ gbazee mmiri si nnukwu ọdọ mmiri ebe, ya continental shelf n'okpuru nduzi nke nnukwu uka nke mmiri "na-awagharị". Ọ bụ ha na-ebu ike nke mmiri na ndị ọzọ na ebe, na ọtụtụ ndị ọhụrụ shoals ime na mpaghara gbagọrọ agbagọ na osimiri ebe ndị eruba ọnụego mbelata.

Ozugbo thawed mmiri gbadatanụ, Loire na-alaghachikwuru mbụ mben. Ị pụrụ ịchọpụta na shelf bụ n'ebe ndị ọzọ, ma ọ bụghị ebe ọ bụ na aga na afọ. Ọ na-enyo na osimiri na France kwa afọ a ntakịrị, ma ọ na-agbanwe ya udi mgbe cornering.

The osimiri nwere a peculiar agwa nke eruba. Na njikọ na a nnukwu catchment ebe ke ala Loire ya N'ezie bụ mgbe na-ejighị n'aka. Ọtụtụ mgbe, e a mberede flash idei mmiri ruru Itie nke ogologo mmiri ozuzo na Chile France, mgbe nke ahụ Loire tributaries ewetara ya ọwa nnukwu mpịakọta nke mmiri.

Ya mere, e nwere otu mgbe a estuary mmiri olu eruba abawanye sharply ruo 7000 m ³ / s (iju mmiri oge). Na a nkọ ojuju na mmiri larịị bụkwa bụghị ihe ọhụrụ na ebe ndị a. N'afọ 1976, n'obodo Orleans ya e debara aha ndekọ oriri nke mmiri mgbe naanị 22,4 m ³ (nkịtị nkezi oriri na otu saịtị bụ 400 m ^3).