Mbufụt. Ogbo nke mbufụt na mgbaàmà

Man - a ịbụ kama na-emebi emebi. Ma ọdịdị nke ilekọta ndụ nke umu, n'ihu ndị mmadụ ezigbo mkpa onyinye - ọgụ. Ọ bụ ekele ya na ahụ anyị dị, evolves na-egbochi ike ike na-efe efe mmadụ.

Mbufụt - nsogbu ma ọ bụ iji chebe ahụ?

The Latin okwu inflammo sụgharịrị n'aka "na-esure", na ndị ọzọ na nkọwa ya - bụ apa. Nzọụkwụ mbufụt, ya na ụdị na shapes ga-kọwara n'ụzọ zuru ezu na nke a ihe onwunwe. Iji na-amalite ịghọta kachasi mkpa nke usoro na chọpụta ya uru ahụ mmadụ. Mgbanwe ndị dị otú n'okpuru nduzi nke ihe ụfọdụ (ọrịa, ihe ọjọọ, nje, nfụkasị Jeremaya) na-abụghị mberede - ọ bụ ihe dịghịzi mmeghachi omume mbuso agha nke ọrịa, mbibi nke cell owuwu ma ọ bụ allergens. Usoro a na-eduzi ndị orunótu nke mebiri emebi òkè, ya kewapụrụ site ike anụ ahụ. Ndị dị otú ahụ nke organism ruru ka mkpa fixation pathogenic ihe na-akpata mbufụt, unyi nke ya decomposition na mbuso agha nke na-agwọ ọrịa na saịtị. N'ihi bụ amanyere bụ iwu ịzụlite ọgụ.

Ọ dị mkpa iburu n'uche na mbufụt bụghị a synonym maka ọrịa. Nke a bụ a typical dịghịzi omume pathogenic ọ bụla penetration n'ime ahu, mgbe ọrịa - nke a bụ ihe ike ike gị n'ụlọnga, akpali iche dị otú ahụ a mmeghachi omume.

ya mere eme

Mbufụt, mbufụt nke ogbo, ya pụrụ iche atụmatụ na-ama mara na mmalite nke oge anyị. Karịsịa, ndị a okwu nwere mmasị oge ochie ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị - Klavdiy Galen na Roman dere Korneliy Tsels. Ọ bụ nke ikpeazụ kpoputara anọ isi mmiri nke ọ bụla mbufụt:

• erythema (nācha ọbara-ọbara anya);
• ozizi;
• hyperthermia;
• mgbu.

E a-ise ịrịba ama - a mebiri nke emetụtara ebe ma ọ bụ ngwa ọrụ (ikpeazụ mgbe e kwukwara ihe e mesịrị Galen).

Mgbe e mesịrị, ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-arụ ọrụ a nke. Ọ mụrụ ya, na ụwa na-ama bayoloji Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov. O weere na-agwọ mkpali nzaghachi, a ezi onyinye nke okike, ma ka mkpa nke n'ihu evolutionary mmepe, ebe ọ bụ na ọ bụghị ihe niile dị otú ahụ Filiks na-eduga mgbake nke ahu. Ọ bụghị banyere na oké mbufụt nke a kpara ikpe.

ala

Ọ bụrụ na ndị nọ n'ọrụ ahụ bụ na ọganihu (nzọụkwụ nke mbufụt na nke a, na-e n'ime akaụntụ), mgbe ahụ ka ọrịa aha, na-emekarị na Latin, jide n'aka na tinye ndị e ji mara ogwugwu "-Ọ". Ka ihe atụ, mbufụt nke ogwooro, akụrụ, obi, peritoneum, pancreatic akpọ, karị, laryngitis, nephritis, myocarditis, peritonitis, pancreatitis. Ọ bụrụ na a nkịtị mbufụt nke ahu enyekwara ọrịa dị esote ya connective ma ọ bụ adipose anụ ahụ, na-agbakwunyere aha nke nganiihu "para": paranephritis, parametritis (mbufụt nke akpanwa) , wdg Ma n'ihe a, dị ka ọ bụla na-achị, e nwere ndị .. wezụga, ndị dị otú ahụ kpọmkwem nkọwa dị ka rịaworo ma ọ bụ ka oyi baa.

Mere mbufụt e?

Ya mere, ihe bụ isi na-akpatara ndị mbufụt? Ha iche atọ ụdị:

1. Physical. Nke a pụtara na mkpali usoro ke idem amalite dị ka a N'ihi nke a dịgasị iche iche nke n'ibu unan, Burns, gụnyere radial, frostbite, ọnụnọ nke mba ozu, mmetụta nke eletrik.
2. Ndu. Na nke a, na ọ na-ezo aka-enweghị nchịkwa na usoro mere site microbial, parasitic na malitere ịrịa mmadụ. Nke a udi nke àgwà na-agụnye pathogens nke ụfọdụ ọrịa ndị dị ka tubercle nje na-akpata (ụkwara nta), Treponema pallidum (syphilis), Mycobacterium leprae (ekpenta) na ndị ọzọ.
3. Chemical. Otu a nke ihe dabeere na ihe dị iche iche chemical bekee direction (ọgwụgwọ, nsị, salts, alkalis, asịd, na nsị kpụrụ ke idem).

Ọzọkwa na-akpata mbufụt pụrụ ịghọ oké psychological trauma, mgbe nile nchegbu na ịṅụbiga mmanya.

Ndị dị otú ahụ Filiks ma ọ bụ ime acutely ma ọ bụ arịa ewere udi. Mgbe ihe mkpali mmeghachi omume na-adị ngwa ngwa, ie, mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara ọcha na plasma na-setịpụrụ na-efegharị na-akpa àgwà na-emetụta ebe bụ nke nọ n'ọrụ, ọ e ji mara nnukwu usoro. Ọ bụrụ na Otú ọ dị, na cellular larịị, mgbanwe ime nwayọọ nwayọọ, ọ na-akpọ ala ala mbufụt. Maka ozi ọzọ gbasara ụdị na iche-iche ga-atụle mgbe e mesịrị.

symptomatology

All nkebi nke mbufụt ji yiri isi ihe mgbaàmà. Ha na-ekewa n'ime obodo na izugbe. The ìgwè mbụ nke ihe ịrịba ama na-agụnye:

• Hyperemia (nācha ọbara-ọbara) nke emetụtara ebe. Nke a mgbaàmà emee n'ihi ọzụzụ kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ ọbara.
• Hyperthermia - obodo okpomọkụ na-abawanye, ebe ngwa ngwa metabolism.
• Ozizi, ma ọ bụrụ na e nwere infiltration nke anụ ahụ exudate.
• Acidosis - abawanye na acidity. Nke a mgbaàmà-abụkarị n'ihi na ahụ ọkụ.
• Giperalgiya (ufiop mgbu). Ọ na-abịa omume na mmetụta na-anabata ya na akwara endings.
• Loss ma ọ bụ malfunction nke emetụtara ebe. Ọ na-adị ka a n'ihi nke niile dị n'elu mgbaàmà.

Site n'ụzọ, ihe mbufụt nke esịtidem akụkụ na-bụghị mgbe niile na-egosipụta site na-egbu mgbu sensations, ma ọ bụrụ na usoro na-ewe ebe n'elu, nọ na fọrọ nke nta niile dị n'elu mgbaàmà.

Common mgbaàmà nwere ike achọpụtara site laabu ule, akpan akpan, zuru ọbara ọnụ. Dị ka ihe atụ, ahụkarị mgbanwe ọbara leukocyte usoro akụkụ, nakwa dị ka a dị ịrịba ama mmụba na ESR. Ya mere, na-enwe nlezianya mụọ ihe mgbagwoju nke mgbaàmà, nwere ike chọpụtara mbufụt. Mkpali ogbo - esote ajụjụ nke na-adọrọ mmasị ndị mmadụ na-amụ banyere ya.

The ogbo na ụdị nke mkpali usoro

Dị ka ọ bụla usoro, ọ na-na-na-mepụtara na nkebi. Nzọụkwụ 3 igbunye mbufụt. Ha nwere ike na-mepụtara n'ọtụtụ dịgasị iche, ma mgbe nile. Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-akọwa ha dị mfe okwu, ọ bụ mmebi mmepụta nke ọmụmụ na anụ ahụ overgrowth. Akpa ogbo nke mbufụt - mgbanwe. Nke a na-agbaso site exudation, na mgbe ọ na - proliferation.

Ugbu a ọ na-efu a obere ihe na-atụle ụdị nke mbufụt na-emetụtachaghị nkebi. Dị ka e kwuru n'elu, mgbe usoro na-emepe emepe ngwa ngwa, ọ na-akpọ nnukwu. N'ozuzu, ruo eru ya dị ka ndị dị otú ahụ, na mgbakwunye na nke oge na-akpata ga-adị ogbo nke nnukwu mbufụt dị ka exudation na proliferation.

E nwere ihe ọzọ nkewa: banal (nkịtị) dịghịzi na mkpali omume. Nke abụọ ahụ bụ kpọmkwem mmeghachi omume nke dịghịzi usoro. Im ogbo, na ụdị mbufụt usoro, anyị nwere ike ikwu hoo haa na gradation na-adabere na onye na-adịghị ma ọ bụ ya ozugbo. Nke a na nkwupụta nwere ike kọwara nnọọ nanị: mbụ niile na ọ bụ uru arịba ama na mgbe a na usoro bụ mbufụt nke tandem "antigen - antibody". Ọ bụrụ na ndị omume a kpọmkwem aka n'ime organism amalite ozugbo, mgbe mbụ rụọ ọrụ site na nke a usoro, na mgbe e mesịrị Filiks n'ihi phagocytosis, agwakọta kwuru tandem na leukocytes na mmebi vaskụla mgbidi mgbagwoju data ngwa ngwa na-eto eto anụ ahụ ọzịza na multiple haemorrhages. Otu ihe atụ nke ndị dị otú ahụ nnukwu ọnọdụ nwere ike ije ozi dị ka anaphylactic ujo, angioedema (ma ọ bụ angioedema), na ndị ọzọ na Filiks chọrọ iji tụtee mmadụ jikoro.

Mgbe onye na-adịghị omume ihe antigen usoro bụ nnọọ ngwa (e.g., Mantoux ule). Na nke a, mkpụrụ ndụ ndị bụ ndị mbụ na-ebibi mba ọzọ gị n'ụlọnga na ndị arọ. Ọzọkwa, e nwere a ngwa ngwa ịrị elu granulomas. Nke a usoro e ji a kama protracted.

N'ihi ya, ndị na-esonụ ụdị nke mkpali Filiks:

• Nkọ. Ya oge bụ ọtụtụ awa. E nwere mgbe ọ na-ewe banyere otu izu.
• Subacute. Na-emekarị na ọ na-agwụ mgbe a izu ole na ole.
• -Adịghị ala ala. Ọ nwere ike na-adịgide adịgide maka afọ ma ọ bụ ọbụna ná ndụ, mmiri na-asọ na mmiri na ebili mmiri si nnukwu ka ngbaghara.

Mmebi: akpa ogbo

Ya mere, na-aga kpọmkwem nkọwa nke nzọụkwụ mgbanwe ke idem. Ọ bụla mbufụt amalite na ụzọ. Dị ka ekwuola, onye ogbo nke mbufụt a na-akpọ mgbanwe (site alteratio okwu - "mmebi"). Na-agbawa nke anụ ahụ na, karị, nsogbu nke cell ike n'ezi ihe na ọbara arịa na-eduga na necrotic mgbanwe na ntọhapụ nke mkpali ogbugbo. A-arụ ọrụ bekee na-agbanwe agbanwe vaskụla ụda, na-eme a nkọ mgbu na ọzịza.

exudation

Vaskụla ọrịa na ire ọkụ ka ebe na-akpata exudation (exudatio). Nke a bụ a 2 ogbo nke mbufụt. The usoro mejupụtara na tinyekwa ọbara na anụ ahụ ọmụmụ. Ọ na-akpọ exudate, nke nyere oge na-ezo aka na usoro a na ụzọ. Mgbe a nzọụkwụ ọ na-akpata mbufụt ogbugbo na ebighị nke vaskụla emeghasịkwa. N'ihi spasm, nke pụtara na arterioles, mebiri emebi òkè ukwuu enwekwukwa ọbara, na-eduga mkpọchi. Ọzọkwa enwekwu metabolism, na hyperemia nke ọbara venous abatakwa. Vaskụla mgbali eto eto n'ike n'ike, na mmiri mmiri òkè nke ọbara apụta nke ha ala. Exudate nwere ike dị iche iche ndochi ga-adabere na udi mkpali mere ha.

arụpụta usoro

Agba nke atọ a na-akpọ mbufụt proliferative. Nke a mkpali ogbo Ọ bụ ikpeazụ. Regenerative Filiks ke anụ ahụ, ekwe ma ọ bụ weghachi mebiri emebi ebe nke mbufụt ma ọ bụ n'ebe a kpụrụ a onya. Ma na ike na ike circuit nuances nwere 3 nkebi nke mbufụt Ọ nwere ike na mgbanwe degrees nke osisi ike. Ya mere ịmata ọdịiche dị n'etiti ihe na iche iche iche iche ndị a Filiks.

isi forms

Ụdị, ụdị na nkebi nke mbufụt - nke a bụ ihe na ị chọrọ ige ntị na akpa ebe. Dị ka anyị hụrụ, usoro kpebisiri ike site oge nke a okwu ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka ụdị. Ma nke a abụghị niile e ji mara na ike ga-eji na-amata mbufụt. mkpali ogbo - bụ ihe ndabere nke iru eru ya na ntule. Ma ọ na-eme na mmiri nke usoro na-owụt ke dịgasị iche. Dabere na ntọala nke mkpali nzaghachi, e nwere atọ iche nke kpọmkwem mgbanwe:

1. Alterative. Nke a na ụdị e ji a predominance nke necrotic Filiks ke nanị ire ọkụ ngwa. Mgbe ndị fọdụrụ nke ndị na-egosipụta ihe na-adịghị ike. Na-emekarị nke a n'ụdị mbufụt hụrụ parenchymal akụkụ: obi, akụrụ, imeju. Na nke a, ikpochapu e ji mara na mmebi nke muscle emep uta eri na akwa. Nke a na okwu bụ dịtụ ochie, ma na ụfọdụ ubi nke na nkà mmụta ọgwụ ọ bụ ka mkpa.
2. Exudative. Ihe kachasi mkpa n'ime definition bụ iji hụ na mgbe dị otú ahụ ihe mgbu ụdị obligatory ọnụnọ nke exudate. Dabere na otú ọ ga-abụ, e nwere ọtụtụ sub-iche nke mbufụt: purulent, hemorrhagic, serous, fibrinous, catarrhal. Ka anyị tụlee ná mkpirikpi nke ọ bụla n'ime ha. Ka ihe atụ, maka serous mbufụt ji guzobe protein mmiri mmiri. Ọ nwere ike na jupụta ọ bụla cavities (pleural ma ọ bụ nkwonkwo na ndị ọzọ). Ọ dịkwa ike impregnate emep uta eri na ákwà, si otú eme aza nhazi. Iji gwọọ ndị dị otú ahụ a udi dị ka omume, pumped exudate. Fibrinous ụdị mbufụt ekewa lobar na diphtheria. Na nke a na secreted protein Nleta e ji mara acha ọcha na agba film. The ize ndụ nke a na ụdị bụ na o nwere ike na-etolite adhesions. Purulent mbufụt nke guzobere dị iche iche protein na leukocyte exudation. Ekwu banyere iche-iche, nkebi, ụdị nke mbufụt, ọ bụ uru arịba ama na nke a bụ nnọọ oké ụdị, nke nwere ike n'ụzọ nkịtị agbazekwa anụ ahụ, nke bụ ihe ịtụnanya. Penultimate ụdị - hemorrhagic. Exudate na nke a na-agụnye a plurality nke erythrocytes. Nke ahụ bụ n'ihi nke nhọrọ nwere ike ime na ọbara. Nke a mbufụt bụ pụta ụwa isi na-efe ọrịa: anthrax, hemorrhagic meningitis, ihe otiti, kịtịkpa, na ndị ọzọ. The pụta ga-adabere na ya causative gị n'ụlọnga nke ọrịa. Ma nke a ụdị mbufụt ọ bụla ikpe ọ bụ nnọọ ize ndụ. Catarrhal mkpali ụdị lightest nke niile n'elu. S nhọrọ e ji mara nke a nnukwu ego nke imi (rhinitis, tracheitis).
3. Proliferative. Nke a na ụdị e ji eto ngwa ngwa nke anụ ahụ na e guzobere granulomas. Ọ na-akpalite imeju (wrinkling) nke dị iche iche akụkụ, amalite gburugburu mba ozu na parasitic inclusions.

Dabere na ndị e kwuru n'elu, ọ dị mkpa ka akọwa n'uju na ihe ogbo nke suppurative mbufụt secrete ọkachamara:

• Serous infiltration.
• Necrotic usoro (flegmozny, gangrenous, abscessed)

Pustular agụmakwụkwọ bụ isi na-ekewa n'ime ndị na-esonụ ụdị:

• Baịbụl hiwere isi n'ebe mbufụt (etuto). Ma ọ bụghị ya, nke a na-akpọ onye na etuto. Dị otú ahụ na mbufụt esonụ emee: isi iyi nke ọrịa aba aba oghere a kpụrụ na a mgbe nile na mwubata nke leukocytes nime ya. Ọ bụrụ na ndị etuto nnukwu eyi, mgbe ahụ, ọ na-akpọ a fistula. Ha na-agụnye Juda na carbuncles.
• Empyema - bụ guzobere purulent exudate na eke na cavities (odide ntụkwasị, pleura, parenchyma) maka odida churn ọdịnaya.
• Mesa. N'ụzọ ọzọ, a na ogbo a na-akpọ cellulitis. Na nke a, na abu na-emetụta ahụ kpam kpam. The usoro dị iche n'ọtụtụ ebe akwadebe ofụri Ọdịdị nke emetụtara ebe.

Purulent exudate ike kpamkpam igbari, akpụ a onya. Ma e nwekwara-ekwe omume nke ihe oghom pụta. Nke a pụtara mgbe abu abatakwa n'ọbara. N'ihi ya, apụghị izere ezere na-amalite sepsis, na usoro na-aghọ ize ndụ, generalized ọrịa na-agbasa ofụri idem.

Otu ihe atụ: oyi baa

Nke a bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị njọ na kama na-ejighị n'aka na ọrịa na e mere site iche iche na pathogens na-eme ka oyi baa. Ọ bụ ọnụnọ nke ọmụmụ na alveoli nke ọrịa na-eku ume ike ma na-akpalite ịgbanwe àgwà nke ndụ maka njọ. The omume na-adabere na ihe dị iche iche, isi na mmadụ dịghịzi usoro. Ma ọ bụla ikpe, na-esochi nke niile atọ nkebi nke mkpali usoro ihe atụ nke a na ọrịa bụ na o kwere omume.

Oyi baa na-ewe ebe ke nzọụkwụ. Site n'akụkụ nke pathogenesis 4 ogbo akpa ume mbufụt: tide hepatization red, isi awọ hepatization ikike. Nke mbụ n'ime ha na-akọwa nnọọ mwakpo na-efe efe gị n'ụlọnga n'ime ahu, ike n'ezi ihe nke cell mmebi (mgbanwe). N'ihi ya, e nwere mkpọchi, anabata akpụkpọ Jeremaya mere, mkpụmkpụ nke ume, ngwa ngwa obi otiti, ihe ịrịba ama nke oké toxicity.

Na hepatization nkebi (red na isi awọ hepatization) ifịk ifịk exudate a kpụrụ na akpa ume arọ. Usoro a na-n'ụzọ doro anya wheezing, ịṅụbiga mmanya ókè, akwara ozi ọgba aghara. Education bụ nnọọ ukwuu phlegm - exudate jupụtara n'ime ihe fọrọ nke nta dum metụtara. Otú akwa oyi baa, kwuru, sị-akpata ọtụtụ ọnya (center nke, n'ọnụ ọnụ nke akpa ume, ma ọ bụ mbufụt nke ngụkọta). E nwere otu nke agwụ ọnya n'otu.

N'oge percolation mkpebi nzọụkwụ ekewapụ kpụrụ exudate, mbelata (proliferation) nkuume ọnya na gradual mgbake. N'ezie, nzọụkwụ nke oyi baa gosi usoro e ji mara nke a kọwara ala nke organism. E wezụga oyi baa atụ nke ihe ndị kasị ahụkarị ọrịa ozugbo metụtara mmepe nke mbufụt nwere ike ịbụ:

• Atherosclerosis.
• Kansa etuto ahụ.
• Asthmatic mgbanwe.
• Prostatitis: ma nnukwu na-adịghị ala ala.
• Ọrịa nke obi usoro (eg, akwara akwara ọrịa).
• Glomerulonephritis.
• Nsia mbufụt.
• Ọrịa akụkụ ke ebe nke pelvis.
• Ọrịa ogbu ogbu na nkwonkwo.
• The ìgwè nke autoimmune ọrịa.
• Vasculitis.
• Cystitis.
• Transplant jụrụ.
• Sarcoidosis.

N'ikpeazụ, banal otutu na-egosi dị ka a n'ihi nke mkpali Filiks ke akpụkpọ na miri n'ígwé nke epidermis.

Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na dịghịzi usoro emekarị a ajọ egwuregwu na ahụ, na-eme ka mmepe nke mbufụt. Nkenke akọwa usoro, anyị nwere ike ikwu na ndị dịghịzi ahụ na-awakpo ahụ ahụ nke ya. Ha nwere ike ịmata ihe ndị ahụ nile na usoro dị ka a iyi egwu ahụ dum Ọdịdị nke ndụ. Ntak emi ẹwọrọde, dị mwute ikwu, a ghọtara.

wrapping

N'ezie, si mkpali mgbanwe ná mgbanwe nke ogo na-adịghị ịnshọransị site ọ bụla onye nke ndị dị ndụ. Ọzọkwa, a na usoro e gosiri ihe a kpọrọ mmadụ site na okike na ezubere ịzụlite dịghịzi usoro enyere ahụ ọzọ ọma rue ụzọ evolushọn. Ya mere, nghota nke usoro na-eme n'oge na-mkpali metamorphosis mkpa maka ọ bụla maara bi planet.