Metropolitan Stefan Yavorsky: biography, echiche

Ọrụ nke Chọọchị Ọtọdọks nke Russia, Metropolitan Stefan Yavorsky bụ Ryazan na Locum Tenens nke onyeisi ndị bishọp. O biliri ekele Peter m, Otú ọ dị, m nwere ọtụtụ esemokwu ya na ndị eze, nke mechara mụbara n'ime esemokwu. Obere oge tupu ọnwụ locum tenens Synod e kere, site na nke ala kpamkpam merie ndị Church.

mmalite afọ

N'ọdịnihu ndú okpukpe Stefan Jaworski A mụrụ 1658 n'obodo Jawor, na Galicia. Nne na nna ya kama ogbenye ma ama. N'okpuru okwu nke Andrusovo udo nkwekorita na afọ 1667, ha kwagara ọnu ikpeazụ Poland. Orthodox ezinụlọ Jaworski kpebiri ịhapụ na kwaga Yavor Left-Bank Ukraine, nke ghọrọ akụkụ nke Moscow State. Ọhụrụ ha n'ala nna tụgharịa Krasilovka obodo dị nso n'obodo Nezhin. Ebe a Stefan Jaworski (n'ụwa aha-ya bu Semyon) wee na ya akụziri.

Ya-eto eto, ọ na esesịn onwe kwagara Kiev, ebe ọ na-debara aha Kyiv-Mohyla Collegium. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị isi agụmakwụkwọ njikọ n'ebe ndịda Russia. Ebe a Stefan mụọ ruo 1684. Ọ dọọrọ uche nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu Metropolitan nke Kiev Varlaama Yasinskogo. The nwata nwoke na-akwanyere ya ùgwù ọ bụghị naanị ịmata ma pụtara ìhè eke ikike - a snap ebe nchekwa na ntị. Barlaam nyeere ya aka na-aga na-amụ ná mba ọzọ.

Study na Poland

Na 1684, Stefan Jaworski gara Rzeczpospolita. Ọ mụrụ ya na ndị Jesuit na Lviv na Lublin, ghọrọ ịmara ndị nkà mmụta okpukpe na Poznan na Vilnius. Katọlik were ya na mgbe na-eto eto onye na-amu oru gara Uniate okwukwe. Mgbe e mesịrị nke a mere bụ katọrọ site-emegide ya na ọrịa na-echere ha echiche na Chọọchị Ọtọdọks nke Russia. Ka ọ dịgodị Uniates ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ga-achọ inweta ohere ka Western mahadum na ọba akwụkwọ. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ, n'ihi na ihe atụ, ekpe okpukpe Epiphany Slavonetsky na Innokentiy Gizel.

Study Yavorsky na Commonwealth biri na 1689. Ọ natara a Western ubre. Na afọ ole na ole na Poland ọ matara ọkà mmụta okpukpe ritorskomu, stihotvorcheskomu na nkà ihe ọmụma na nkà. N'oge a akpatre kpụrụ ụwa ya ele, nke kpebisiri ike niile ga-eme n'ọdịnihu na-eme na mkpebi. E nwere doro anya na ọ bụ Catholic Jesuit kụnyere ya nwa akwụkwọ persistent iro na Protestant, megide onye o mesịrị ga-eme ihe na Russia.

Laghachi Russia

Alaghachi Kiev, Stefan Jaworski ajụla Katọlik. The obodo Academy nabatara ya mgbe ule. Barlaam Jasinski Yavorsky gwara iri mọnk iwu. N'ikpeazụ, o kwetara, o wee a mọnk, na-ewere aha Stephen. Na mbụ ọ bụ a novice na Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra. Mgbe hoputara Metropolitan Barlaam, o nyeere ya protégé ịghọ onye nkụzi vitiystva na ihapu otutu okwu na Academy. Jaworski n'ike n'ike inweta ọhụrụ ọnọdụ. Site 1691 ọ ghọrọ onye na achị achị nakwa prifekt, nakwa dị ka a prọfesọ nkà ihe ọmụma na nkà mmụta okpukpe.

Dị ka onye ozizi Stefan Yavorsky, onye biography e jikọtara ya na Poland, na-eji Latin zie. Ya "anu ulo" ndị ga-eme n'ọdịnihu na-ekwusa na ọchịchị n'ọkwá dị elu. Ma isi eso ụzọ Feofan Prokopovich - n'ọdịnihu isi iro Stefan Yavorsky na Chọọchị Ọtọdọks nke Russia. Ọ bụ ezie na e mesịrị, onye nkụzi ebubo na ọ bụ n'ime mgbidi nke Kiev Academy nke agbasa Catholic ozizi, ndị a tirades ndị enweghị ihe ndabere. The na-ekwusa okwu odide na-anwụghị ruo ugbu a, e nwere ọtụtụ nkọwa nke Western Kraịst njehie.

Yana ezi ihe ma na-amụta ihe na akwụkwọ Stefan Jaworski jere ozi na chọọchị. Ọ maara na ndị o mere ememe alụmdi na nwunye nwa nwanne Ivan Mazepa. Tupu agha na Swedes nchụàjà kwuru okwu ọma banyere hetman. Na 1697 na ọkà mmụta okpukpe ghọrọ abbot na St. Nicholas Obibi na desert nso Kiev. Ọ bụ ihe omume na-ekwu bụ na anya na-echere Jaworski mepere. Ka ọ dịgodị, o nyere aka a otutu Barlaam na gaa na ntụziaka ọ na Moscow.

atụghị anya

Na January 1700 Stefan Yavorsky, onye biography nwere ike kwubiri na Ia ọrụ na-abịaru nso a nkọ n'aka, m gara na isi obodo. Metropolitan Varlaam jụrụ ya izute na Onyeisi Adrian na ka iji ike a ọhụrụ Pereyaslavskaya oche. Ozi rụrụ ọrụ, ma n'oge na-adịghị e nwere onye na-atụghị anya ihe omume na radically gbanwere ndụ ya.

Na isi obodo, nwụrụ nobleman na ọchịagha ndị Alyaksei Shein. Ọ, tinyere nwa Peter m ada kpọọ nke Azov, na ọbụna ghọrọ ndị mbụ Russian generalissimo. Moscow kpebiri na Eulogy ikwu na nso nso rutere Stefan Yavorsky. Education na ikike maka ikwusa nwoke pụtara na ụzọ kasị mma na a nnukwu nnọkọ nke ozu. Ma ọtụtụ ihe - Kiev guest kwuru eze, nke na-ukwuu imbued ya ọkà okwu. Peter m na-eme nwere ike ikwu na nna ochie ahụ bụ Adrian ozi Varlaam isi nke ụfọdụ diocese adịghị anya site Moscow. Stefan Yavorsky ya aro na oge nke ọnụnọ na isi obodo. ọ anya nyere ọhụrụ Metropolitan nke Ryazan na Murom. Ichere oge ọ brightened na Donskoy Obibi.

Metropolitan na locum tenens

April 7, 1700 ọhụrụ Metropolitan nke Ryazan bụ Stefan Jaworski. The bishop ozugbo were ya ọrụ, na nọrọ na chọọchị dị n'ógbè omume. Ma ya naanị ọrụ Ryazan adịteghị. Ugbua October 15 nwụrụ agadi na-arịa ọrịa Onyeisi Adrian. Peter m bịakwutere Alexey Kurbatov gwara ya na-eche maka ntuli aka nke a nọchiri. Kama, eze guzosie ike a ọhụrụ post of locum tenens. N'ebe a na ndụmọdụ e nyere na-etinye holmogorskogo Akwa Bishop Athanasius. Peter kpebiri na ọ dịghị ndị locum tenens, na Stefan Yavorsky. Okwuchukwu Kiev ozi na Moscow, ọ na-ada ka n'usoro nke Metropolitan nke Ryazan. Ugbu a, ọ bụ ihe na-erughị otu afọ jumped ikpeazụ ogbo na chie ghọrọ onye mbụ nke Chọọchị Ọtọdọks nke Russia.

Ọ na-e a meteoric ịrị elu, ọ na-ekwe omume ekele na-aga nke ọma Nchikota ọnọdụ na charisma 42-afọ ọkà mmụta okpukpe. Ọdịdị ya aghọwo a plaything na-aka nke ndị ọchịchị. Pita chọrọ tufuo onyeisi ndị bishọp ka detrimental ka alụmdi nke ala. O zubere ịhazigharị chọọchị ebutere ya ozugbo eze. The mbụ n'onwe a mgbanwe dị nnọọ alụmdi na locum tenens ọnọdụ. E jiri ya tụnyere nke nna ochie, a onye a ọnọdụ nwere a ukwuu ala ike. Ya akporo na-ejedebeghị na-achịkwa Central Executive. Ịghọta ọdịdị nke Petrine mgbanwe, otu onye nwere ike maa na oru bụ n'ụzọ nkịtị a random ọbìa na Moscow bụ onye na-ebe nke ndi isi nke chọọchị ahụ kpachaara anya na premeditated.

O siri ike na nsọpụrụ ọ chọrọ Stefan Yavorsky. Uniate Church, site na nke ọ na-agafe na ya na-eto eto, na ndị ọzọ na atụmatụ nke ya echiche nwere ike ime ka a na-emegide ndị obodo ọha. Appointee achọghị nnukwu nsogbu na ọ maara na ọ na-etinye na "firing" ọnọdụ. Ke adianade do, ọkà mmụta okpukpe Agbaghara a nwaafo nke Little Russia, ebe o nwere ọtụtụ ndị enyi na ndị na-akwado. Ma ọ gọrọ agọ eze, N'ezie, ike, ya mere, ji obi umeala nabata ya na-enye.

The agha megide ozizi nduhie

Mgbanwe nweghị afọ ojuju na ihe niile. Bi na Moscow na-akpọ Jaworski Cherkasov oblivantsem. Onyeisi ndị bishọp nke Jerusalem Dositheus degaara Russian Tsar, na anyị ekwesịghị-akwalite elu natives nke Little Russia. Pita ekweghị akwụ ụgwọ ọ bụla anya ka ndị a ịdọ aka ná ntị. Otú ọ dị Dosifej natara otu akwụkwọ ozi nke na-arịọ mgbaghara, nke na-ede akwụkwọ onwe ya bụ Stefan Jaworski. Opal doro anya. Nna ochie adịghị ewere Kievan "ezi ekpe okpukpe" n'ihi na nke ogologo guzo imekọ ihe ọnụ na ndị Katọlik na Jesuit. Zaa Dosifeya Stefan bụghị conciliatory. Naanị ya nọchiri Chrysanthos mie na locum tenens.

The mbụ nsogbu na nke Stefan Yavorsky nwere na ihu na a ụzọ ọhụrụ, bụ ajụjụ nke Old kwere ekwe. N'oge a, ndị dissenters nọ na-agbasa mpempe akwụkwọ na Moscow, ebe Russian isi obodo a na-akpọ Babịlọn, Peter - àmà na-egosi. The nhazi nke ihe omume a na-a ma ama knigopisets Gregory Talitskii. Metropolitan Stefan Jaworski (Ryazan Department nọgidere na ya ụgwọ) gbalịrị ka o doo ndị perpetrator ọgba aghara. Esemokwu a mere ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọbụna o bipụtara ya akwụkwọ, raara nye ihe ịrịba ama nke na-abịa nke emegide Kraịst. The ọrụ ekpughe njehie nke schismatics na ha aghụghọ nke kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi na uche.

Stefan Yavorsky emegide

Na mgbakwunye na Old kwere ekwe na ndị jụrụ okwukwe ikpe, locum tenens bụ ikike iji chọpụta na-aga ime emek ohere iputa dioceses. Ya anatara na-enyocha ma kweta n'akụkụ eze. Nanị mgbe nnwapụta ya nke ahọrọ onye nwetara n'usoro nke Metropolitan. Peter kere a ole na ole-ọtùtù na budata nanị locum tenens. Firstly, ọ bụ nmeju nke katidral - a nzukọ nke ndị bishọp. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-adịghị puppets Yavorsky, ụfọdụ ya kpọmkwem na-emegide. Ya mere, o nwere oge ọ bụla iji chebe ya ele ihe anya na-emeghe see na ndị ọzọ na chọọchị hierarchs. N'eziokwu locum tenens bụ nanị mbụ n'etiti ahaghị, otú ọchịchị ya enweghị ike ịga ọ bụla tụnyere otu ike nke Nna Ochie.

Nke abuo, Peter m ụba mmetụta nke Obibi Bureau, isi nke ọ enịm ya kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi nobleman Ivan Musin-Pushkin. Nwoke a nọ na positioned dị ka onye na-enyere ha na-akpakọrịta locum tenens, ma n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, mgbe eze chere na ọ dị mkpa, ọ ghọrọ kpọmkwem elu.

Nke atọ, na 1711 na mbụ Boyar Duma e mesịrị etisasịwo na pụtara ya ebe Ukara Sineti. Iwu ya maka Church apụta eze. Ọ bụ ihe ùgwù nke Sineti iji chọpụta ma candidacy nke obibia chọrọ site locum tenens, ebe nke bishop. Pita, bụ onye na-esiwanye mmasị n'ime mba ọzọ amụma na owuwu nke St. Petersburg, nyefeworo management nke chọọchị na steeti igwe ugbu a aka naanị ka a ikpeazụ resotu.

Ileba Lutheran Tveritinova

Na 1714, e nwere a asịrị nke ukwuu gbasaa abis na ma akụkụ bụ ndị e nwere statesmen na Stefan Yavorsky. Photos adịghị, ma ọbụna na-enweghị ha, n'oge a na akụkọ ihe mere eme nwere ike iji weghachi onyinyo nke German mmezi, karịsịa-esetị n'okpuru Peter I. Na ya biri mba ọzọ ahịa, omenkà na ndị ọbịa na-anọkarịrị si Germany. All n'ime ha bụ ndị òtù Luther ma ọ bụ ndị Protestant. Nke a Western ọkà mmụta malitere ịgbasa n'etiti Orthodox bi Moscow.

Karịsịa ifịk Nkwado nke Lutheran ghọrọ freethinking dọkịta Tveritinov. Stefan Jaworski, onye nchegharị iso chọọchị ahụ ọtụtụ afọ gara aga, na-echeta afọ nọrọ na-esote ndị Katọlik na Jesuit. Ha kụnyere a locum tenens mmasị nke ndị Protestant. Ryazan Metropolitan malitere mkpagbu nke ndị òtù Luther. Tveritinov gbagara St. Petersburg, ebe ọ hụrụ a nchebe na n'echebe nke Sineti n'etiti akatọ Yavorsky. iwu e nyere, dị ka nke locum tenens bụ ịgbaghara n'onwa jụrụ okwukwe. Isi chọọchị, nke a na-emekarị mie na gọọmenti, a na-achọghị ikweta na. Ọ chọrọ ndị patronage ozugbo na eze. Peter mere na-amasị dum akụkọ nke mkpagbu nke ndị òtù Luther. mbụ njọ esemokwu daa n'etiti ya na Yavorsky.

Ka ọ dịgodị, locum tenens kpebiri iji gosi na ha na-akatọ ndị Protestant na ndị Ọtọdọks echiche na a iche iche edemede. Ya mere, ọ na-adịghị anya dere ya kasị ama akwụkwọ "The nkume nke okwukwe." Stefan Yavorsky n'ọrụ a mere na mbụ ozizi banyere mkpa echebekwa ochie mgbanwe ntọala nke Orthodox Church. N'otu oge ahụ o ji ihapu otutu okwu na-ekwukarị na oge maka ndị Katọlik. The akwụkwọ jupụtara ojuju nke Ndozigharị, nke ahụ akara ke Germany. Ndị a echiche ma na-akwalite ihe Protestant German mmezi.

The esemokwu na eze

Akụkọ nke Lutheran Tveritinov ghọrọ wetara mgbịrịgba, egosi na mmekọrita nke chọọchị obodo, were ndị na-abụghị ọnọdụ na ndị Protestant. Otú ọ dị, ndị agha dị n'etiti ha bụ ihe miri na na-na ahụ gbasara oge na-aga. Ọ nwekwuo mgbe bipụtara edemede "Nkume nke Okwukwe". Stefan Yavorsky na akwụkwọ a na-agbalị iji chebe ha mgbanwe ọnọdụ. Ndị ọchịchị machibidoro ya n'akwụkwọ.

Ka ọ dịgodị, Peter kpaliri mba isi obodo nke St. Petersburg. Nke nta nke nta kwagara n'ebe ndi-isi nile. Locum Tenens Metropolitan nke Ryazan na Stefan Yavorsky nọgidere na Moscow. Na 1718, eze ahụ nyere ya iwu ka ọ gaa St. Petersburg na-amalite na-arụ ọrụ na isi obodo ọhụrụ. Nke a mere ka discontent Stephen. King gbajie ya jụrụ na emebighị. Mgbe ahụ, ọ na-atụ aro na ọ dị mkpa maka Spiritual Board.

ya chọpụtara nke oru ngo a họpụtara ka chepụta Feofan Prokopovich - ochie eso ụzọ Stefana Yavorskogo. Locum Tenens na-ekwenyeghị echiche ya prolyuteranskimi. Ọzọkwa na 1718, Peter malitere akpọ nke Bishop Theophan Pskov. Ọ na mbụ nwetara ezigbo ike. Ọ gbalịrị ime ka na-emegide Stefan Yavorsky. Nchegharị na igwu wayo na locum tenens bụ isiokwu nke okwu na asịrị, na-agbasa site na kpụkwasịrị. Against ya e guzobere ọtụtụ akpa ọchịchị, bụ ndị mere ka a ọrụ na Pita na ndị bụ ndị na-akwado nke N'ezie na-erubere ndị ikwu ụka. Ya mere, Metropolitan nke Ryazan gbalịrị blacken aha nke a dịgasị iche iche nke usoro, gụnyere icheta ya njikọ na Katọlik n'oge ọmụmụ ha na Poland.

Ọrụ ke ikpe nke Tsarevich Alexei

Ka ọ dịgodị, Pita nwere iji dozie ọgba aghara ọzọ - oge nke a ka ezinụlọ. Nwa ya na onye-nketa, Alexei ekwetaghị na iwu nke nna ya na nna, na ọgwụgwụ, ọ gbagara Austria. Ọ lọghachitere na n'ala nna ya. Na May 1718, Peter nyere iwu Stefan Yavorsky na-abịa ka St. Petersburg na-anọchite anya ụka na-ekpe ikpe nke na-enupụ isi isi.

Ọ nụrụ kepu kepu na locum tenens kwenyere Alexei na ọbụna nọgidere na-eleta ya. Otú ọ dị, ọ dịghị akwụkwọ na-egosi nke a. N'aka nke ọzọ, ọ na-amara na-isi mere na-amasị ndị ọhụrụ ụka iwu nke nna-ya, na ọ nwere ọtutu akwado n'etiti mgbanwe ndị ụkọchukwu na Moscow. Na ikpe, Obodo Ukwu nke Ryazan nọ na-agbalị iji chebe ndị nchụàjà. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha na ndị isi ebubo nke ịgba ọchịchị mgba okpuru ma gbuo ya. Stefan Yavorsky-ekpebi nke Pita adịghị ike. Locum Tenens nwere ili ozu ọrụ Alexei mysteriously nwụrụ anwụ nọ n'ime ya nga cell na eve-egbu ha.

Mgbe eke Synod

A afọ ole na ole bụ ọmụmụ nke iwu na oruru nke Ime Mmụọ Board. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, ọ bịara mara dị ka Nsọ Ukara Synod. Na January 1721, Peter aka a manifesto na oruru nke ikike dị mkpa maka akara nke chọọchị. The ọhụrụ hoputara òtù nke Synod na-ngwa ngwa ṅụrụ iyi na, na na February, mmalite nke oruru nke a na-adịgide adịgide ọrụ. The Patriarchate e eze kagbuo na hapụrụ n'oge gara aga.

Chie etinye Peter na isi nke Synod nke Stefan Yavorsky. Ọ na-na-emegide ọhụrụ alụmdi, na-ewere ya ihe Undertaker chọọchị. Ọ bụghị na-aga nzukọ nke Synod, na jụrụ ịbịanye akwụkwọ nyere site ahụ a. Ke ọrụ nke Russian ala Stefan Yavorsky hụrụ onwe ya na a dị nnọọ iche na ikike. Ma Pita nọ na-ya na ihu ọnọdụ naanị igosipụta continuity nke anụmanụ na alụmdi nke onyeisi ndị bishọp, mestoblyustitelstva na Synod.

Na elu okirikiri wee na-agbasa nkatọ, nke stipulates Stefan Yavorsky. Nke wayo na-ewu ebe obibi ndị mọnk Nijinsky na ndị ọzọ na-enweghị ụkpụrụ atụmatụ aghụghọ ekewet Metropolitan nke Ryazan ọjọ asụsụ. Ọ malitere ibi ndụ a steeti na-aga n'ihu nchekasị na mmetụta budata na ahụ ike. Stefan Jaworski nwụrụ na December 8, 1722 na Moscow. Ọ bụ mbụ na ikpeazụ afọ nke locum tenens nke onyeisi ndị bishọp na Russian akụkọ ihe mere eme. Mgbe ọnwụ ya malitere narị afọ abụọ nke synodal oge mgbe ala mere ya akụkụ nke chọọchị ndioru govanmenti.

The eke nke "Nkume nke Okwukwe"

-Akpali mmasị, akwụkwọ bụ "Nkume nke Okwukwe" (isi edemede bụ onye na-arụ ọrụ locum tenens) E bipụtara ya na 1728 mgbe ọ na Pita nọ ugbua na ili. The ọrụ, ịkatọ Protestantism, nwere pụrụ iche nke ọma. Ya mbipụta mbụ ngwa ngwa rere si. Mgbe e mesịrị, akwụkwọ e republished ọtụtụ ugboro. Mgbe, n'oge ọchịchị Anna Ivanovna na ike nwere ọtụtụ ọkacha mmasị, German Lutheran, "Nkume nke Okwukwe" ọzọ iwu.

The ọrụ bụghị nanị dị oké egwu nke okpukpe Protestant, ma, ndị ọzọ ihe, ọ bụ ihe kasị mma na n'oge ahụ, a Ịhazi exposition nke Orthodox Faith. Stefan Jaworski mesiri n'ebe ndị ahụ na nke dị iche n'ihe Lutheranism. The inem raara ya nye kwupụta ihe, ihe oyiyi, na sacrament nke Oriri Nsọ, dị nsọ na omenala, megide ndị jụrụ okwukwe, na na. D. Mgbe ọtọdọks party akpatre meriri n'okpuru Elizabeth, "Nkume nke Okwukwe" ghọrọ a isi na nkà mmụta okpukpe Russian Church ọrụ na nọgidere otú ofụri XVIII narị afọ .