Military kwubara Russia: History na modernity

Okwu ahụ bụ "agha n'usoro" pụtara ọnọdụ na ogide agha na ndị agha na agha mmiri megide ndị ọzọ agha. Ọ bụla aha presupposes na onye bu ya nke ụfọdụ ikike na ọrụ, nke na-achịkwa iwu na agha ụkpụrụ.

Military n'ohu pụtara, okụrede, nwere, ghọrọ usoro na mmepe nke a na steeti na ọha mmadụ. Site n'ịmụ ha akụkọ ihe mere eme, i nwere ike ịmụta ọtụtụ ihe banyere mmepe nke njikere agha nke a State.

The mbụ aha pụtara na Russia azụ ke XII-nke Iri na Atọ ọtụtụ narị afọ., Ọ bụ ezie na ndị agha ha nwere ike na-akpọ a gbatia. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ha họpụtara ọ bụla ndutịm itie. N'okpuru nduzi nke Tatar-Mongol na Russia na e nwere ndị dị otú ahụ agha n'ohu dị ka desyatsky, constables, tysyatsky, ma ha na-adị na-na niile isi na ẹkedọhọde a onyeisi a ma ọ bụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị mmadụ. Site n'ụzọ, ha ekemende ghọrọ ọma iji na-eji otu Cossacks.

The mbụ n'ezie Russian agha n'ohu ike deere na 1647, mgbe Alexis e kuchiri site na mba mbụ agha ụkpụrụ. Nke a iwu dị mkpa n'ihi na site n'oge a, tinyere ọdịnala usu mgbe òkè ka ukwuu na mba si echebe onwe malitere na-egwu-uta na a na-akpọ "shelf nke usoro ihe ọhụrụ." All agha n'ohu na Charter e kewara abụọ ige - nkịtị na kopora, bụ onye kachasi mkpa yiri taa ojii. N'ebe a, anyị gbanyesiri mkpọrọgwụ ama-eji oge a na aha nke Colonel, polupolkovnik, Lieutenant. Ná ngwụsị nke na Asaa na narị afọ na Russian agha na-amalite na-eji aha nke Brigadier general na, ke ukem na polupolkovnikom amalite etinyere na ọzọ maara na anyị ọkwá - onyeisi ndị agha.

Ọrụ dị mkpa na usoro nke ịtụ ndị agha n'ohu na Russian agha na-egwuri site iwebata na 1722 site Peter Isiokwu nke n'ohu. Dị ka akwụkwọ a na-ewebata a doo anya na ndepụta nke utu aha, ewee kpọmkwem ọrụ. Ọ ga-kwuru na na Isiokwu na-agụnye naanị ndị agha n'ohu, na-amalite isi ojii, na ala n'ohu na-usoro mkpa ụkpụrụ.

Akụkụ dị mkpa nke ndị agha Russia bụ na natara na-eche ha nche aha atụle site abụọ notches elu karịa nwetara ot agha nkeji. Nke a ọnọdụ ike ruo mgbe 1884, mgbe niile Russian agha n'ohu na-iji tụnyere ya na ọnọdụ ha.

Ọzọkwa na a ole na ole ihe ùgwù bụ Gunners, aha nke a na-ewere otu nzọụkwụ ruo 1884 karịa na nkịtị na nkwonkwo. Nke a na e jikọtara ya na ụba chọrọ na-eme ka larịị nke ihe ọmụma nke ndị na-eje ozi na ndị a agha.

Military n'ohu nke USSR ke akpa isua ke October mgbanwe ndị a Nchikota iwu ọnọdụ na-akpọ "ọrụ na edemede": na brigeedi ọchịagha, onyeisi, skwodron ọchịagha, agha ọchịagha. Naanị na 1935 agha n'ohu, na wezụga ole na ole, e weghachiri eweghachi na ụdị nke ha na-abụrịrị na Czarist Russia. Otú ọ dị, ụfọdụ n'ime ha malitere uda na a dị iche iche otú a: n'ihi na ihe atụ, kama nke ubi Marshal kasị elu agha n'usoro nke mba ghọrọ a Marshal nke Soviet Union.

Tupu akasiaha agha na Germany na 1940, niile iwu posts e mesịrị dochie anya ọchịagha na ochiagha n'usoro, nke e kwesịrị-anọchi anya ntughari nke Soviet agha ka a ọhụrụ larịị.

Military n'ohu nke USSR n'oge Akwa Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya undergone obere mgbanwe: na Nche nkeji malitere ga-eji "Nche" nganiihu ndị marshals na marshals isi dị iche iche iche nke ndị agha (armored, ogbunigwe, ụgbọelu). Ke adianade do, ke 1945, e nwere a ọhụrụ ọkwá kasị elu - Generalissimo nke Soviet Union, nke e nyere Stalin.

Military n'ohu nke USSR ghọrọ ihe ndabere maka utu aha na oge a na Russian agha. N'otu oge ahụ, dị ka a N'ihi nke ikpeazụ na oge nke agha mgbanwe na-tutu amama n'ohu na ikike ọrụ. Aha nke abụọ onyeisi, ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ihe fọrọ nke nta ọ bụla e kenyere.