Mkpuchi nke ogwe aka nke mba Europe - adịbeghị anya omenala nke Middle Ages

Heraldry n'ụdị na nke ọ na-ghọtara na ụwa nke oge a, malitere na Europe. The mbụ uwe na ogwe aka banyere XI-XII ọtụtụ narị afọ dị ka a ihe ịrịba ama nke onwe onye nnọchiteanya nke ndị agha oké ozu. Na-amụba mgbagwoju anya nke mmekọrịta ọha mmadụ na na mmepe nke feudalism omenala labeling otú ha na-elekọta ọnọdụ na-aghọ nnọọ nkịtị. Own nnọchianya ndị òtù nile nke oké ozu, gụnyere ndị inyom, ndị nchụàjà, ndị ahịa buru ibu ma na ọbụna ụfọdụ ọgaranya nkịtị.

Na XIV narị afọ heraldic akara egosi na ụlọ ahịa, obodo na ókèala. Mgbe ọzọ na narị afọ, ke mbubreyo Middle Ages, e nwere ndị mbụ na ogwe aka nke mba-ala. Ọ gaghị ekwe omume iji chọpụta kpọmkwem ụbọchị nke omume nke a na steeti akara, n'ihi na echiche ha na-ahụ mgbe nile gbanwere. Modern ogwe aka nke mba Europe dabeere na ọnyà akwụkwọ ịma ọkwa eze ma na-egosipụta ha akụkọ ihe mere eme na ọdịbendị bụ atụmatụ.

Bụla na atụmatụ heraldic ọta

The isi mmewere nke ọ bụla nke emblem bụ a billboard - stylized Ọdịdị, ịgba na n'ihu elu nke agwa set. Official heraldry ọdịiche ya na-esonụ iche:

• French - quadrangular, na a pụrụ iche n'etiti ala.
• Varangian - zita na jiri nwayọọ curved n'akụkụ.
• Spanish - yiri French, ma na a ahazi underside.
• Italian - oval.
• German - zita na ịkpụ n'ọnụ ya.

E nwere gbara gharịị ọta gburugburu, square ma ọ bụ oblique shapes, pụta ụwa, dị ka a na-achị, ala igba ma ọ bụ obodo.

Isi heraldic albums na-egosi na ọtụtụ ndị na ogwe aka nke mba Europe dabeere na mbadamba nke French ụdị. Nke a na mmewere na-agbanwe mgbe nile. Ka ihe atụ, ihe atụ nke Great Britain na XIX narị afọ, emi odude ke Italian osisi, ma na-esonụ na narị afọ gafere ka Varangian.

heraldic agba

Agba ekpuchi uwe, zoro tinctures na dika gbadata si Middle Ages omenala na-ekewa n'ime 2 iche iche:

1. ọla - ọlaedo na ọlaọcha. The atụ ederịta akwụkwọ ozi ha odo ọcha na agba.

2. Enamel ma ọ bụ Enamel - red (ọchịchịrị red), odo odo (violet, magenta), nwa (nwa), green (ndụ ndụ) na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na agba (-acha anụnụ anụnụ).

A nnọọ nta set nke na agba n'onye ezi omume na oge nke mbido nke heraldic omenala. Na XII-nke Iri na Atọ ọtụtụ narị afọ e depụtara na agba ndị adịghị "ala caste", ha enweghị ike ewepụtara eke ihe.

Ke adianade do, ogwe aka nke mba Europe pụrụ ịgụnye na-akpọ ajị anụ ma ọ bụ feathers - a pụrụ iche Nchikota nke na agba na shapes, na-anọchi anya ndị dị oké ọnụ ahịa na akara nke ike. Ná mmalite Middle Ages enwere a omenala na-upholster ogwe ajị anụ, na mgbe eze na-eyi uwe na uwe mwụda, agbakọta na oké ọnụ ahịa Ermine ma ọ bụ na-edozi. Tincture "feathers" n'etiti ala nnọchianya izute, n'ihi na ha na-agbasa naanị n'ime agbụrụ ama na German isi na mba dị larịị na-adịghị pụta.

Na heraldry e nweghị ịgba na ọnụ ọgụgụ na Nchikota na agba. Ọ bụ naanị mgbe na-eke ndị logo machie machibidoro iwu Enamel ma ọ bụ Enamel na a metal ka metal, ọ bụ ezie na ha nwere ike ịbụ n'akụkụ ọ bụla ọzọ. Ọ bụghị dị ka nke a na-achị, ndị uwe agha ogwe aka na-agaghị otú ahụ.

heraldic

The sayensị nke mkpuchi nke ogwe aka na-egosi na ọta abahade ndị ọcha n'ime ọtụtụ iche iche:

1. Heraldic - geometric shapes, nkerisi panel n'ime ọtụtụ akụkụ. Total mara 10 isi ọgụgụ:

• Top.
• Post.
• Eriri.
• Nsọtụ.
• Eke n'úkwù.
• Ntụhie.
• Cross.
• Fringe.
• Shield.
• Freestyle akụkụ.

Heraldry maara ọtụtụ iche nke isi shapes. Naanị obe 200 mara forms -. The Pope, Latin, Burgundy, Maltese, wdg Na Europe, ihe ịrịba ama nwere ike hụrụ na ogwe aka nke Hungary, Greece, Switzerland, Iceland, Slovakia na Serbia.

Ke adianade do, e nwere ndị nta ọcha, obere na steeti uwe nke ogwe aka. N'etiti ha bụ ndị zita (nkpirikpi, ndú) quadrangular (square, shingles, diamond), gburugburu (bọl, a ọkara gburugburu, aak) na contingencies (ndorondoro olu akwa).

2. Negeraldicheskie - zuru ezu ma ọ bụ ele mmadụ anya n'ihu ihe oyiyi nke ihe ihe ọgụgụ (ọdịdị ma ọ bụ mmadụ mere) ma ọ bụ chepụtara echepụta ụwa. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ha bụ nnukwu, na collection bụ mgbe niile kwukwara ọhụrụ ihe. Na ogwe aka nke mba Europe mgbe na-anọchi anya eke anụmanụ, ya bụ ọdụm na ugo. Otú ọ dị, n'anya ha dịgasị na ọ bụla ala akara. Ka ihe atụ, ọdụm ga-eguzo ma ọ bụ na-edina ala, nwere a okpueze ma ọ bụ na-ejide a mma agha ya ubọk. Classical ụdị anụmanụ na a aji na ọdụ na a ahịhịa, nwere ike hụrụ na ogwe aka nke na United Kingdom, Bulgaria, Belgium, Denmark, Spain, Netherlands, Latvia, Finland, Sweden na Estonia. Ma na ụfọdụ ọdịiche nke Norway agwa ẹwụtde agụ owuru kama "eze nke anụ ọhịa".

Ọ bụ otú ahụ na ugo. Ha pụrụ inwe dị iche iche size na udi nke nku, ọdụ na feathers, onu okuko jide oghe ma ọ bụ na-emechi. Na ogwe aka nke Russia, Albania, Serbia na Montenegro heraldic nnụnụ na 2 isi, tụgharịa dị iche iche ntụziaka. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ha nkịtị mere nketa na nkekọ siri ike kemgbe ọtụtụ narị afọ. On fọdụrụ (Austria, Germany, Poland, Moldova, Romania, Czech Republic) nwere otu isi na ugo na-kpuwere.

Ọ bụ uru na-arịba ama na e nwere ndị uwe nke ogwe aka nke na mba Europe, na ijikọta obere odide. Karịsịa, emblem of Ireland - gold Celt harp on a-acha anụnụ anụnụ ndabere - bụghị dị na mba ọ bụla ọzọ nke ụwa. The uwe nke ogwe aka nke Bosnia and Herzegovina na-mgbagwoju anya na ihe ịrịba ama nke European Union n'ihi yiri agba na ise kwuru na-acha ọcha na kpakpando.

Heraldic nnọchianya nke mba, obodo na ókèala - ihe bụ akụkụ nke omenala na mmụọ nke Europe. N'ụwa taa, ha, tinyere nke ọma-echebewo ụkpụrụ ụlọ ncheta, reminiscent nke EU ụmụ amaala na-eme njem nleta na ịdị adị nke "ochie Europe".