Mmekọahụ amụba na elu ma na ala ụdị osisi

Mgbasa njirimara niile ntule. Nke a na-enye ikike iji mụta nwa inwe na continuity nke ndụ. Na ntule nwere a cell udi nke ihe owuwu, ozuzu dabeere na nkewa.

dị iche iche nhazi ọkwa ụdị amụba e chọrọ site dị iche iche ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị. Elekarị atọ ụdị amụba: vegetative, mmekọahụ na asexual.

Na nke ikpeazụ ahụ, mmepe nke organism a rụrụ site na otu cell na-adịghị ọdịiche dị mmekọahụ. N'ihi na vegetative mmeputakwa ji mmepe nke multicellular organism si germs, mgbe ụfọdụ siri ike iche na.

Mmekọahụ amụba nke osisi -amalite na guzobere nke izizi sel (gametes). Ọ baghị uru amụba na-ebelata ka mmakọ nke gametes na zaigọtụ. Nke a usoro a na-akpọ njikọta na Site n'ibu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na ozi sitere na ndị nne na nna na ụmụ.

Gametes ii ke kenwe - gametangia. osisi ndị nnọchiteanya, nke na-ji njikọta, nwere ha ndụ okirikiri, meiosis.

Mmekọahụ amụba abụghị ihe e ji mara maka -acha anụnụ anụnụ-green algae, bacteria. Ahụghị a ụzọ amụba na a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke dịkwa ka usoro ha.

Ụdị mmekọahụ mmeputakwa ke ala ụdị osisi dị iche iche. Ihe atụ, ụfọdụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ algae amụba usoro nwere ike ime enweghị guzobe gametes. Na nke a, abụọ fuuz-celled organism.

The mmakọ nke gametes, nke nwere flagella, a na-akpọ isogamy. Mmekọahụ amụba na-ahụkarị nke ọtụtụ algae.

Unicellular algae (Chlamydomonas ụfọdụ, ihe atụ), ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, ha ghọọ mmekọahụ akụkụ akpụ gametes. Na multicellular nnọchiteanya gametangia ụfọdụ na-adịghị si dị iche na mkpụrụ ndụ ndị ọzọ ma ọ bụ gametangia kpụrụ na morphological iche (atụ, ektokarpusa).

N'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị isogamous algae e ji mara geterotallizm (mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na n'ahụ mmekọahụ nkewa). N'ihi ya, ọ na-anọ na nke gametes physiologically dị iche iche.

N'ihi na ụfọdụ algae na-ji ndị conjugation: e nwere "oké" a protoplast cell ọzọ.

The mmakọ nke gametes na dị iche iche nha nke flagella, a na-akpọ heterogamy. Onyinye bezzhgutikovoy nwanyi gamete (oocyte) na inwe flagella (na-emekarị) obere nwoke (spam) bụ oogamy. Mmekọahụ amụba na-ahụkarị nke ọtụtụ red, agba aja aja, diatoms, green algae, nakwa dị ka ụfọdụ ala dịkwa ka usoro ha.

Njikọta na gologamnyh, heterogamic, isogamous na ọtụtụ oogamnyh osisi a rụrụ n'ime mmiri. A ọnụ ọgụgụ nke osisi oogamnyh mmakọ usoro pụtara na oogonia (nwanyi gametangia). Ha na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-akpụ akpụ spam tọhapụrụ n'ime mmiri. The ọrụ na-egosi na ịbụ n'ihi chemotaxis. N'ihi ya spermatsii red algae (red algae) na-akpali site na mmiri eruba - nanị.

Higher osisi na-oogamnymi. Otú ọ dị, spam na-ewe ebe ha nwere ụzọ dị iche iche. N'ihi na elu osisi na-ahụkarị multicellular gametangia - archegonium (nwanyi) na antheridia (nwoke). The mpụta oyi akwa nke mkpụrụ ndụ nke Genital akụkụ bụ akpali mmasị. Na archegonia ovum kpụrụ otu onye n'ime antheridia spermatozoa ii na-emekarị na elu ichekwa.

Mmekọahụ amụba ferns na mosses a rụrụ n'ime mmiri. Spam mkpụrụ ndụ si antheridium wee gaa na-archegonium. N'aka nke ya, njikere ifatilaiza archegonium adọta spam penetrated secrete imi site n'elu. Aga n'ime imi, spam nso ka egg, ma ọ merges ọzọ.