Higher osisi: spore na nkpuru

Higher osisi - a bụ umu na mere landfall ma na-emegharị ka ha ọhụrụ ebe obibi. E nwere ihe karịrị 300,000 umu. Higher osisi na-akwanyere ya ùgwù site vegetative akụkụ, ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka mgbọrọgwụ na igba, na nwere otu photosynthetic pigments: chlorophylls na carotenoids.

Higher osisi maka ọtụtụ akụkụ nwere a mgbagwoju iga usoro bekee nwere ike mezie evaporation nke mmiri via epupụta. elu osisi sel etolite anụ ahụ. Sporophyte nkwenkwe ndụ okirikiri (ma e wezụga bryophytes).

Postpenno gametophyte na-ebelata ka a ole na ole mkpụrụ ndụ. Ahụ nke mmekọahụ na asexual mmeputakwa nke multicellular ntule. Njikọta na sikwuoro umu-akwụsị-adabere na mmiri. Zaigọtụ enye ịrị elu a multicellular nwa.

Higher terrestrial osisi na-etolite nnukwu nke Ụwa biomass - banyere 90%.

Systematics nke elu osisi

N'ihi na elu osisi na-elu elu spore nkpuru osisi.

Higher spore: rinieobraznye (naanị fosil) psilotoobraznye (chekwara banyere 20 umu), bryophytes (23-27 puku umu), plaunoobraznye (banyere 1300 umu), hvoscheobraznye (banyere 30 umu), ferns (banyere 12,000 umu).

Higher osisi nke ụdị spores Botany jikọtara nkịtị aha - elu spore. A na-agụnye ma ugbu a na-ẹdude na nwuchapu umu. elu spore ahụ ekewa n'elu-ala na ala akụkụ, vegetative akụkụ na-mepụtara. The ndụ okirikiri mejupụtara ndị eri oké nri nke ọgbọ: na sporophyte na gametophyte. Sporophyte na-ọma mepụtara, biri ndụ ogologo oge (ma e wezụga bryophytes). Ọ na-amalite multicellular sporangia, mgbe meiosis nke a kpụrụ bụrụnụ ndị kwụ chịm haploid spores. Ha bụ otu-celled, obere size, na-agbasa tumadi site ifufe na asiaha na gametophyte.

Njikọta elu spore pụtara nanị na ọnụnọ nke mmiri. Dị ka ndokwa nke akụkụ nke mmeputakwa iche bisexual osisi (nke nwere ma nwoke na nwanyị mkpụrụ ndụ) na-edina ụdị onwe (ma ọ bụ bụ nwoke ma ọ bụ nwaanyị mkpụrụ ndụ).

Esemokwu nwere ike dị iche iche na otu size. Higher spore osisi na nwere otu arụmụka, na-akpọ ravnosporovyh na ndị dị iche iche arụmụka - heterosporous. Dabere na size iche microspores (obere size) na megaspory (nnukwu).

Ọ na-kweere na mkpụrụ osisi sitere kpọmkwem site Spore, karịsịa ferns.

Higher nkpuru osisi: pinofity (gymnosperms) - banyere 800 umu magnoliofity (angiosperms) - 300 puku umu.

Higher nkpuru osisi ruru ya elu na Mesozoic oge, mgbe ihu igwe bịara ọzọ kpọrọ nkụ na oyi na-atụ, e nwere a mgbanwe nke a kara aka. Ugbu a, ndị kasị nkịtị ụdị angiosperms.

Mkpụrụ osisi nwere ọtụtụ uru n'elu elu spore. Ha na-agụnye nke otu akụkụ: mgbọrọgwụ, ụzọ mgbapụ, mkpụrụ. Ogwe bụ budata ike karịa na nke spore, dị ka ọ na-eto osisi mkpụrụ ndụ. Ọ bụrụ na nke a bụ isi akụkụ nke osisi na mkpụrụ ndụ - nwụrụ anwụ.

Mkpụrụ osisi na-nanị heterosporous. Gametophyte ka sporophyte amalite na nri na ya efu.

Mgbasa na-ewe ebe site osisi na-guzobere multicellular embrayo, nke na-agụnye ọkọnọ nke nri. Njikọta elu nkpuru tupu pollination - nyefe nke pollen mkpụrụ na agbapụ mmalite nke egg. Pollination a rụrụ site ifufe, mmiri, na ụmụ anụmanụ, na ụmụ ahụhụ. Njikọta akwụsị adabere naanị na mmiri ahụ dị ka na elu spore. Ọ bụ n'ihi na vegetative sel nke pollen nke germinates na pollen tube.