Okwu ọrịa. Nhazi ọkwa nke isi ntụpọ

Ọ maara na mgbe ha dị obere na ụmụaka nwere ike ndị a ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ imebi na ubi nke ngosi nke echiche. Ya mere, gị na nwa na-akawanye ohere nkịtị socialization, dị adịghị mkpa ka a na-tutu amama. Ka anyị lee ihe nwere ike a mebiri nke okwu. Nhazi ọkwa nke nkịtị ntụpọ ga-mara n'okpuru.

nhazi ọkwa

Children na mkpọchị ọrụ nke olu ngwa nke a pụrụ iche udi nke ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu. Ha adịghị enwe deviations na ọgụgụ isi development tụnyere ndị ọgbọ ha. Otú ọ dị, ntụpọ na-edeghị ede nakwa dị ka ụfọdụ n'ime ndị e dere okwu, na-emekwa nwere a ezighị ezi mmetụta na e guzobere onye akụkụ nke psyche.

Taa, ọtụtụ classifications eji na ubi nke okwu ọgwụ, dị ka nke na-egosipụta ụfọdụ flaws ke ngosi nke echiche. The mbụ - psychological na pedagogical. The abụọ - adakarị na pedagogical.

Gịnị ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ ebumnobi na-akọwapụta imebi nke okwu? Nhazi ọkwa nke ma ndị plan ọma etinyere okwu na-agwọ ọrịa. Dị iche iche echiche na otu nke adịghị emegide ihe, ma kama zuo ezu ọ bụla ọzọ.

Clinical na pedagogical nhazi ọkwa

Ọkọnọ nhazi ọkwa nwere a echiche ọjọọ na amuru na nkà mmụta ọgwụ. Otú ọ dị, amata ntụpọ na-adịghị kegide kpọmkwem ọrịa.

Dị ka adakarị na izi nhazi ọkwa, okwu na-agwọ ọrịa dịpụrụ adịpụ ngụkọta nke 11 iche nke imebi. Abụọ forms nke imebi metụtara ide. Ndị fọdụrụ-ekwe ka anyị mata adịghị na n'okwu.

E nwere ndị na-esonụ ụdị nke okwu ọrịa:

1. Athos - ọrịa na-erukwa na dị ka a n'ihi nke pathologies nke olu ngwa. Na nke a, e nwere ike ịbụ fonotornye ntụpọ, olu distortion, olu ọrịa.
2. Tachylogia - ngwa ngwa ọnụego okwu.
3. Bradilaliya - enweghị nchịkwa slowing okwu.
4. Stuttering - disruptions na n'afọ iri na ụma na tempo okwu. Ihe kpatara ya bụ oge spasmodic muscle ọnọdụ, nke na-etolite olu ngwa.
5. Rhinolalia - ntụpọ na pronunciation nke onye na-ada na ọzọ na mgbanwe olu ụda. Ihe kpatara bụ anatomical ntụpọ nke olu ngwa.
6. Dyslalia - isi ike na pronunciation nke ụda na nkịtị mmepe nke uru ahụ nke olu ngwa ike ntị.
7. Dysarthria - a ntụpọ, nke kachasi mkpa nke bụ na-ezighị ezi pronunciation nke onye ụda na okwu.
8. Alalia - hypoplasia ma ọ bụ na enweghị okwu. Ihe kpatara ọtụtụ eme imeri mkpa akụkụ nke ụbụrụ cortex na prenatal ma ọ bụ n'oge nwa development.
9. Aphasia - a ele mmadụ anya n'ihu ma ọ bụ zuru ezu na ọnwụ nke ike mụta nwa ụda. N'ihi ọnụnọ nke obodo ụbụrụ ọnya.
10. Dysgraphia - kpọmkwem e ji mara nke a akpan akpan onye, imebi nke ide.
11. Dyslexia - a ngosipụta nke ele mmadụ anya n'ihu ntụpọ na N'ezie nke na-agụ.

-Emetụta akparamàgwà mmadụ pedagogical nhazi ọkwa nke okwu ọrịa

Identification nke ntụpọ e wuru tumadi na psychological ibiere. Dị ka nhazi ọkwa, e nwere ndị na-esonụ imebi:

1. Phonetic na phonemic underdevelopment okwu - ọrịa na pronunciation nke ụda na okwu nke asụsụ.
2. Mkpokọta underdevelopment okwu - na systemic ọdịdị nke nsogbu, ọnụnọ nke nwere ike mere site na-eme iberibe nke nwa. Nke a, n'aka nke ya, na-emetụta ndị mmadụ echiche nke unawareness na mpụga akụkụ nke okwu mmiri.
3. Stuttering - dị ka psychological na izi nhazi ọkwa Ẹda dị ka ntụpọ nkwurịta okwu na ikike na kwesịrị ekwesị guzobe nke olu ngwa.

Gịnị pụrụ imetụta okwu underdevelopment?

Children na okwu underdevelopment mgbe ata ahụhụ site na ihere, ngwa ngwa imeghari na ọha mmadụ. Iji hụ na socialization okwu na-agwọ ọrịa ide ezubere iche mgbazi nke ntụpọ. Enweghị ihe a, ọdịnihu ụmụ pụrụ hụrụ ụfọdụ adịghị emezi emezi na ndị nwere ọgụgụ isi, sensory na volitional.

Na a na-mepụtara eche echiche, ekwu okwu ọgwụ, ụmụaka na nsogbu mgbe nwere ihe isi ike na-akpụ echiche, ewu a ezi uche mmekọrịta. Ezughi oke anya ka ndị nne na nna ka dị nsogbu na ubi nke okwu mgbe e mesịrị na Nwa ahụ nwere ike ida na moto ebe. Karịsịa, ụmụ otito okwu ngwa na-abụkarị ndị na-enweghị ike ịrụ nke ọma achikota mmegharị nke otu egwuregwu dị ka ndị ọgbọ ha.

Deviations nwekwara ike ime na nke mmetụta uche nọ nke nwa ya na ikwu okwu ọrịa. Ụmụaka dị otú ahụ ji anọghị ná nchebe, ha enweghị mmasị, ogwe, ihe isi ike na guzosie ike kọntaktị na ndị ọzọ.

Ndị a na nsogbu ndị ọzọ nwere ike ikwu na-eme n'ọdịnihu nke ụmụaka ndị nwere okwu ọrịa. Nhazi ọkwa na njirimara nke ẹdude ntụpọ na-enye ohere oge na-amalite ọrụ na erughị eru.

Ná mmechi

Ya mere, anyị kpuchie isi okwu ọrịa. Nhazi ọkwa nke ọdịiche nke-emetụta akparamàgwà mmadụ pedagogical plan mbụ e ji mee ihe na-ekwu okwu ọgwụ omume naanị ka a mata nsogbu ahụ. The ikpeazụ ọgwụgwụ were neurologists. Taa, ndị dọkịta na-esiwanye eji ma classifications ke ukem, dị ka a na-akwalite Nwa nke a ihe ezi nchoputa na mmepe nke ụzọ dị irè maka mgbazi okwu.