Gịnị bụ potassium elektrọn nhazi

Olee otú kọmputa nhazi nke potassium? Iji zaa ajụjụ a, tụlee ihe owuwu nke atọm na elektrọn nkesa iwu na-etoju na sublevels.

kwantum arụzi

Kọmputa potassium nhazi kọwara Schrödinger akụkụ. Ọ na ejikọ ndị nwere ike nke na mmekọrịta nke ntọala na electrons na ịdị ukwuu nke repulsion n'etiti ahụ na-enwe otu ebubo. Kwantum arụzi eji nke a akụkụ postulates akọwa ọnụnọ nke ọ bụla nke ike larịị si onye ike idobere.

ọtụtụ-elektrọn atọm

Kọmputa potassium nhazi e dere na Pauli mwepu edumbet. Nyere ndị e ji mara na-efegharị efegharị ọdịdị nke electrons, ọ na-chere na onye ọ bụla na-adịghị mma urughuru emi odude ke "orbital", i.e. ọ nwere ụfọdụ gbasara ohere adị. Banyere multi-elektrọn atọm, nke na-agụnye potassium, na onye ọ bụla orbital apụghị odude karịrị abụọ electrons. N'ihi na ọ e ekenyela anọ kwantum nọmba e ji mara ala nke elektrọn na-ewere nkeji oge.

Aufbau ụkpụrụ

Kọmputa potassium nhazi e mere na ndabere nke iwu ewepụtara Klechkovskaya. Ka anyị tụlee ya na ihe zuru ezu. Dabere na ihe orbital electrons na-mere ndokwa, ha nwere a ụfọdụ idobere nke ike. First e bụ nkesa nke ahụ na-enwe a nta ike ọkọnọ.

Dị ka a bụ isi elektrọn ike e ji mara maka na-eje ozi bụ isi na kwantum nọmba, kwekọrọ ekwekọ na oge ọnụ ọgụgụ.

The ọtụtụ-elektrọn atọm mma emee bụghị naanị na isi electrons, ma a repulsion n'etiti ha. Site na-amụba ngụkọta atụ ogho ahụ mbelata ike nke elektrọn shei, enwekwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke electrons ndị nwere otu nghazi nke ha onwe ha oge ije. Ndị dị otú ahụ na nduzi na kwantum onwu a na-akpọ Hund n'ọchịchị.

Na ndabere nke abụọ ndị a iwu weere electronic nhazi na potassium atọm. Atomic spektra eme ka o kwe chọpụta n'ala ala nke electrons, ya bụ, ka a mata ndị ahụ nwere ntakiri ike mee.

Ihe kachasi mkpa iwu electronic usoro maka a multi-elektrọn atọm nke potassium bụ nnọọ mfe: ihe electronic usoro ga nwere a kacha nta ike-ederịta akwụkwọ ozi ndị Pauli mwepu edumbet.

Ihe atụ nke elektrọn nkesa nke ike na ọkwa

Tupu anyị atụlee ihe elektrọn nhazi nke potassium ion bụ a dị mfe ihe atụ. The hydrogen atọm nke isi mejupụtara otu nti proton. Around isi na-agba gburugburu otu elektrọn orbit. N'ala ala nke hydrogen usoro bụ dị ka ndị: 1s. Tụlee atụmatụ nke nghazi nke atụ ogho a elektrọn. Dị Hund si achị, ọ bụ codirectional na nuclear atụ ogho.

N'ihi helium enwe a nke abụọ usoro ọgụgụ na table ọcha na a abụọ elektrọn orbitals ọdịyo. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ha nwere a atụ ogho ½, o nwere a dị iche iche ntụziaka nke adiana.

Na ihe nke abụọ ume larịị-egosi abụọ shells, onye ọ bụla nwere ya echekwara ike.

Potassium bụ mmewere nke anọ oge, na ihe nke usoro, n'ihi ya, nwere anọ electronic etoju, ọ bụla nke nwere dị iche iche iche iche nke sublevels.

Na nkịtị, ala nke alkali metal atọm nwere ndị na-esonụ nhazi: 1s22s22p63s23p64s1.

Kọmputa potassium ion nhazi si dị iche na atọm. Mgbe elu ume larịị nke metal bụ otu valence elektrọn. Ebe ọ bụ na potassium ngosi mbenata Njirimara, mgbe mmekọrịta ọzọ atọm, ọ na-eziga a valence elektrọn converted n'ime a mma ion (cation) inwe ndị na-esonụ electronic nhazi: 1s22s22p63s23p64s0.

ọgwụgwụ

N'ihi na onye ọ bụla chemical mmewere, emi odude ke oge table nwere ike ịmepụta electronic configurations, njikere Hund si achị, ndị Pauli mwepu ụkpụrụ, na Klechkovskii ekwu. Ke adianade electronic configurations nke atọm na inorganic onwu na mejupụtara usoro cations na anions n'ihi chemical interactions.