Modern telekomunikashions - a ngwa ngwa njikọ

The telekomunikashions ahịa bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị ekwe na kasị na-eto eto ebe nke telekomunikashions ụlọ ọrụ. Ugbu a, ndị telekomunikashions usoro bụ na ụzọ nke ngwa mmepe, n'ozuzu ha, ọ na-elekwasị anya na Russian nkwukọrịta usoro ntinye n'ime ụwa dị ka ihe hara ibe iji nye ọrụ nke mba, dị anya, obodo, data, internet, mobile, etc ..

Gịnị bụ Telecommunications

Okwu ahụ bụ "Telecommunication" na-ewepụtara okwu: communico Latin, nke pụtara "ụdị nkwurịta okwu," na nke Grik tele, nke pụtara "na-eme na a oké anya."

Ya mere, anyị nwere ike ikwu na:

• Telecommunications - a collection of ngwaọrụ na mmemme na-ekesa ozi via USB na redio ọwa. Nke a na ozi akakabarede ngwaọrụ, ya nyopụta, mgbanwe olu; Nke a elu kọmputa nhazi technology.
• Telecommunications ngwá - a set nke teknuzu, software na nzukọ n'aka maka nnyefe nke data karịrị anya. siri ike-ala mmepụta amplifiers na-eji kee satellite ojii transmitters.
• Telecommunications - ikike Service Center bụ ike nke na mgbasaozi na inweta ozi. Ọkachamara na telekomunikashions - technicians na ndị injinia. Ha tumadi-arụ ọrụ na Koodu, n'ókè, mkpọtụ.
• Telecommunications - bụ mgbanwe nke ozi ọ bụla na-enyemaka nke a na kọmputa. Ozi a na-ebute site ná site na okwu ọwa ma ọ bụ ozi mgbanwe.
• Telecommunications - bụ usoro nke inweta na nhazi ozi iji electronic, netwọk, akpa, ozi na kọmputa teknụzụ.

Ekwe ebe nke telekomunikashions teknụzụ ga-atụle:

1. Ịmepụta ọhụrụ mgbaàmà-koodu owuwu site n'iji jikọtara usoro nke mkpachapụ n'ókè na ọhụrụ mgbaàmà ngbanwe usoro ntọt bandwit na nnyefe usoro ka mma ha ike.
2. Ịmepụta a smart poolu ngwaọrụ na mma ike.
3. Creation nke Telecommunication usoro ke millimeter efegharị efegharị gbalaga na a na-arụ ọrụ ugboro ole nke dị 100 GHz.
4. Development ụzọ na teknụzụ nke telekomunikashions ngwá, nke ana achi achi ha ezigbo ịrụ ọrụ nke a generalized ibiere: kacha nta na-eri, kacha kwa, kacha pụrụ ịdabere, kacha nta arọ na size e ji mara.
5. Ịba larịị nke ọzụzụ nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na ntụziaka nke "Telecommunications", mmụba nke research na mmepe na ntụziaka.

A mgbaàmà ngbanwe usoro Technology

N'ihi na ezigbo ume usoro iji Kacha ọhụrụ ụzọ nke ngbanwe na mgbaàmà mgbanwe olu. Na mgbaàmà nzuzo usoro mbuso na njehie na nnyonye anya na ọnọdụ, omume inye ume uru nke usoro 6.8 dB, ọ bụ ezie na mgbasa ụdịdị dị iche iche ihe mgbaàmà. Ọ na-eji ngọngọ Koodu: Hamming codes, Reed-Solomon, BCH na convolutional codes osisi. Ihe na-akpali iji codes dị mkpa iji na-atụle na-ekwe ka na-aghọta zita njupụta adọ mgbanwe keying ma si otú nweta ọzọ nzuzo uru dịkwuo mgbaàmà nnyefe ọsọ. Na nke a ọwa bandwit ojiji multi-ọnọdụ ikwu adọ mgbanwe keying na quadrature njupụta adọ mgbanwe keying.

satellite nkwurịta okwu

Satellite nkwurịta okwu usoro na-eji geostationary Satellites maka nnyefe nke ihe omume telivishọn, tinyere onye receivers na software otu data okporo ụzọ. Of otu ihe bụ mba usoro nke Inmarsat satellite mmiri navigation, nke, Ọzọkwa, natara obosara azụmahịa were ngwangwa nkwurịta okwu na igodo eji a GPS satellite igodo usoro n'ime ime obodo ebe, na mberede, nakwa dị ka nlekota nke ibu okporo ụzọ. Kọmpat satellite ekwentị na-enye ohere nyefe nke data si n'ebe ọ bụla n'ụwa. Yana a brọdband pseudo mkpọtụ egosi ọhụrụ teknụzụ e emejuputa: ugboro microstrip mpi, a siri ike steeti ike ampilifaya, a sọrọ ọwa nyo na n'elu now-efegharị efegharị dabeere bismuth germanate, narrowband ngwa ndakwa nri nzacha na dielectric resonators, etc ..

Telecommunications n'aka

Taa, karịsịa ngwa mmepe nke mobile nkwurịta okwu usoro natara, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị debanyere aha nke na ọtụtụ ná mba karịa ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ofu netwọk debanyere aha. Dị ka ogologo oge kara na mobile ahịa na-esetịpụ GSM-900 ọkọlọtọ / 180, nke usoro ruru ịgba nke izu okè site n'iji GPRS na EDGE ọhụrụ technology. Nnọọ ekwe ga-atụle ka a mobile nkwurịta okwu usoro na koodu nkewa nke CDMA ọwa na-unmatched nzuzo na ike arụmọrụ. Taa, ike a 3G mobile nkwurịta okwu usoro dị na ọkọlọtọ na Mt-2000, mepụtara site na International Telecommunication Union, na-eji atọ ọkọlọtọ dabeere CDMA technology: CDMA ONE, CDMA 2000 na WCDMA. Dị ka akụkụ nke IMT-2000 ọkọlọtọ, bụ ọrụ na ihe e kere eke nke satellite onye mobile nkwurịta okwu usoro Orbocomm, Thuraya, Clobal Star, Iridium. Ezie na azụmahịa ọrụ nke usoro bụghị e enweta n'ihi na nsogbu nke ego nke oru na oru ihe isi ike. Maka ozi IZIRỊTA ụlọ ọrụ na-ọma pụtara radio usoro DECT.

Fast mgbaàmà nnyefe usoro

N'ihi ọganihu microelectronics technology, arụpụtara na-eji taa mobile na kọmputa-ịkparịta ụka n'Ịntanet na telekomunikashions, dị ka Bluetooth, ZigBee, WiMax, WiFi na ndị ọzọ. Na omume, ojiji nke osisi na nnyefe usoro, nke na-kere iji nkịtị ụkpụrụ na atụmatụ nke ewu na dị iche iche ọwa nkwụnye jikọọ ka kwekọrọ ekwekọ nnyefe ọwa. Hydroacoustic nkwurịta okwu usoro na-ekwurịta okwu n'okpuru mmiri iji ultrasonic vibrations na 8-20 kHz nsannsan 4 km. Laser nkwurịta okwu usoro iji lasers na a wavelength nke 1-10 microns, na-eji na mbara njikọ. Ryazan ngwá eme osisi (Russia) arụpụtara laser transceiver ngwaọrụ enye mgbama nnyefe ọnụego nke banyere 200 Mbit / sec n'elu a anya nke 2-10 km terrestrial ọnọdụ na-eji na-atụ ebute ozi n'etiti isi ụgbọ na mobile nkwurịta okwu na usoro. Communication usoro ke tunnels na ala were leaky (mpi) USB, e.g., EUPEN sịrị na ugboro ole nso 30-1800 MHz. US ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ike ekwe omume nke nnyefe nke radio ebili mmiri gektametrovogo nso na ngiri-afọ-nke Earth. Ọ na-kweere na n'oge pụrụ isi chọta nke transponders n'ógbè ruo 200 m nwere ike kere a nkwurịta okwu njikọ ebute a mgbaàmà na ụdịdị dị iche iche nke banyere 500 Hz.