Na nsọpụrụ nke onye aha ya bụ Laptev Sea? Laptevy Dmitry na Khariton

Laptev Sea, foto na nkọwa nke na-adade ke isiokwu bụ efere nke Arctic Ocean. The oké ọdịdị nke oké osimiri, dị ka nke ọma dị ka dum Arctic bụ nke na-adọrọ mmasị na-eme nnyocha maka gara aga ọtụtụ narị afọ. Ma taa, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nwere ike inye pụrụ ịdabere na azịza nke ajụjụ ndị metụtara idụhe atụmatụ, ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi nke a dị omimi mpaghara. Ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ oge gara aga, dị nsogbu yiri-adịghị akwụsị akwụsị.

Laptev Sea na map

Na 1735-1742 afọ, site ná mgbalị na ọtụtụ awa na-arụ ọrụ nke Russian na-eme nnyocha, ala gbara osimiri okirikiri oké osimiri akara ya akara na a map. Ka ihe atụ, nwanne mama Dmitry na Khariton, onye na-aha ya bụ na nsọpụrụ nke Laptev Sea, ewepụtara ọmụmụ nke ógbè ọtụtụ afọ nke ndụ ya. N'ịbụ ke ọrụ nke Russia si naval nsoro, ha bụ ndị so ná nnukwu nnyocha sayensị, nke a haziri site Peter m, na bịara mara dị ka Great Northern njem.

Taa, oké osimiri ókè-ala guzosie ike kpọmkwem, ma na mmalite nke a siri ike ma dị ize ndụ na-arụ ọrụ na-etinye na ndị mbụ ahụ, ndị a bụ ndị raara onwe ya nye ndị mmadụ dị ka Vitus Bering, ụmụnna Laptev - Dmitry na Khariton, semen Dezhnev ọtụtụ ndị anyị na compatriots.

Site West Sea washes ọwụwa anyanwụ n'ikperé mmiri nke Severnaya Zemlya si Arctic Cape na Chile n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Khatanga Bay. Na n'ebe ugwu oké osimiri ókè-ala-ịgbatị si Arctic Cape ka ugwu nke ụsọ ji esi mmiri ọkụ agwaetiti. Ke n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke oké osimiri mmiri bụ na West n'ụsọ oké osimiri agwaetiti ji esi mmiri ọkụ, Obere na Big Lyakhov Island. Mgbe ahụ n'ókèala gabiga Straits of Sannikov na Dmitry Laptev.
Si n'ebe ndịda, oké osimiri ókè-agba tinyere n'ebe ugwu nke ụsọ Eurasia si Cape Saint imi ka Khatanga Bay. Ọ bụ ndị a Maritime n'ókèala enyoba Laptev ụmụnna. The coastline ala bụ 5254 kilomita. Anya site n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ụsọ oké osimiri dị n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ-- 1,300 kilomita. Nke a bụ onye kasị ukwuu na-egosi nke size nke oké osimiri.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nnyocha na mpaghara

Nyere aka ike na gburugburu ebe obibi na ọnọdụ nke oké osimiri Laptev, ọ dị mfe iche na usoro nke ịgagharị mmiri ya njem adịghị mfe ma dị mma. Ọzọkwa, buru n'uche na ọrụ malitere na XVIII narị afọ - mgbe mmepe nke ọtụtụ sayensị, t h na igodo bụ na-amalite amalite ... Larịị nke ala ihe ọmụma bụ bụghị nnọọ elu.

Ihe bara oké uru onyinye nzukọ nke ọmụmụ na ugwu nke ụsọ oké osimiri Eurasia tinyere ogologo ya na oké osimiri nke Arctic Ocean nwere obi ike njem. Ọtụtụ na-eme nnyocha isi nke Russian agha mmiri.

Brothers Dmitry na Khariton, onye na-aha ya bụ na nsọpụrụ nke Laptev Sea, malitere ọrụ ke Navy na 1718, ebe ha na-debara aha na a na-eto eto midshipmen. Site 1721, na-eto eto ama e mere na ikike. Fate nyere iwu na mgbe ụfọdụ ná ndụ ụmụnna lawara ụzọ. Ma Dmitry na Khariton mgbe niile kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi na oké osimiri, na Russian agha mmiri, na-enye ozi nke kasị mma afọ nke ndụ ya.
Na 1734, Dmitriy Yakovlevich Laptev e ẹkenam n'ime Ukwu Northern njem dị ka onye nke kasị mma isi nke Russian agha mmiri. Aha ya bụ nnọọ ukwuu nke na a họpụtara otu nke na-enyere aka nke Vitus Bering, bụ onye e mere isi nke a nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ omume.

Dmitry Laptev gwara na-ebe nke nwụrụ anwụ Captain "Irkutsk" arịa. On ọ bụ mgbalị inyocha mmiri nke oké osimiri gburugburu Chile si n'ọnụ Lena aga n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. The njem bụ nnọọ nzukọ, ebe ọ bụ na ya N'ezie si oyi, scurvy na ọrịa ndị ọzọ gburu fọrọ nke nta dum otu.
Na August 1736 "Irkutsk" n'okpuru iwu nke Dmitry Laptev, na-abịa si Delta nke Lena River, bụ otu ugboro ọzọ na n'oké osimiri. Ma mgbe ụbọchị ole na ole nke gara m ịkwụsị ma atụgharị azụ ka ụgbọ mmiri, dị ka ndị dị ike ice egbochi ụzọ nke na-eme nchọpụta. Captain, nyere ahụmahụ nke gara aga njem, kpebiri iji zọpụta ndụ nke ndị mmadụ na-anọ n'oge oyi na ala.

Na mwute bụ akara aka nke ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri na ndị na na ụgbọ mmiri "Yakutsk" nwere ime site n'ọnụ Lena River na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ direction (maka ọmụmụ nke mmiri oghere). Ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ na Dmitry Laptev onwe-aga na nke St. Petersburg maka ntụziaka metụtara n'aga niru inyocha na mpaghara. Ọ na-ama a plan na njikere na-enye ya na-edu ndú, na-enwe olileanya maka nghọta. The mma pụta nke njem bụ ọtụtụ nchegbu banyere a Russian mara.

ụmụnna Laptev

Ya mere, na 1738, ụmụnna ọzọ na-amalite na-efe otu ihe na-akpatakarị. On nkwanye nke a na nwa nwanne nna Laptev Hariton Prokofevich họpụtara onyeisi nke ụgbọ mmiri "Yakutsk" kama akpa ke Pronchishchev njem.
N'oge okpomọkụ nke 1739 malitere njem, nke a na-iji bụghị naanị nwere a nnyocha e mere nke mmiri n'ebe ugwu expanses, kamakwa ihe yiri nkata nke ala gbara osimiri okirikiri ebe. Ya mere, na ya mejupụtara ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị agha, na-abịa site n'ala.

Inwe a na-mepụtara plan nke ihe, obi ike raara onwe ya nye otu n'ala na n'oké osimiri, ndị Dmitriy Yakovlevich Laptev na 1741 na ụgbọ mmiri "Irkutsk" bụ nwee ike imeri anya si n'ọnụ Lena na Kolyma. Jiri nlezianya na-eme ihe ọmụma natara, ọ bụ azụ n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1742 na St. Petersburg.

Chariton Prokofievich nwere inyocha n'ụsọ oké osimiri na oké osimiri n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke ọnụ ọnụ nke Lena. Great isi ike na n'ụkọ nwere na-enweta detachment, nke duru Laptev. The na-eme nchọpụta na ndị enyi ya akwụsịghị ọbụna mgbe ha enwekwaghị ụgbọ mmiri, bụ nke e bibiri site ice. The njem ji ụkwụ. The N'ihi nke ọ bụ nkọwa nke n'ókèala site na ọnụ nke Lena River ka ndị Taimyr Peninsula.

The ndụ nke ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka ụmụnna Chariton Prokofievich na Dmitry Y., onye na-aha ya bụ na nsọpụrụ nke Laptev Sea, nwere ike n'ụzọ ziri ezi na-akpọ a feat. Ọ na-aghọta onye ọ bụla na-emetụ na-amụ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Arctic ngagharị. Ịtụnanya ahịhịa na mkpebi siri ike, na-akparaghị ókè ịhụnanya maka Russian enyemaka ndị a ndị mmadụ merie yiri agaghị emerili.

The geological Ọdịdị nke ahụ n'ala oké osimiri

The mmiri omimi nke Laptev nnọọ iche. Eziokwu a chọpụtara n'elu 200 afọ gara aga, mgbe ndị ikpe nke mbụ njem ndị mmadụ merela ugboro ugboro banyere tọrọ atọ. Ọ ga-kwuru na nnukwu egosi ịdị omimi nke 2980 mita, ndị kasị nta na - 15, na nkezi - 540 mita. Nke a nwere ike kọwara site nkpoda continental mkpọda nke ala ebe oké osimiri. Nyere omimi egosi, ọ na-ekewa ugwu na n'ebe ndịda akụkụ. Nke a na-eje ozi dị ka a na ndu ke ukem, ebe n'ọnụ mmiri Vilkitsky.

Ọdịdị nke n'ala oké osimiri na ala Laptev oké mmetụta eru n'ime ya osimiri. Ha na-ebu a nnukwu ego nke ájá, ájá na ndị ọzọ na sedimentary nkume. Ha ìgwè bụ 25 sentimita kwa afọ. Ke adianade do, na-emighị emi mpaghara na ala nke oké osimiri e nwere boulders, nnukwu na obere pebbles.

Nnukwu kpụkọrọ nke Severnaya Zemlya-eme ka e guzobere icebergs. The thicker Laptev oké osimiri mmiri nwere a buru ibu nke ice. Ya agbaze na volnopriboy ifịk ifịk ibibi coastline. Mgbe ụfọdụ, dị ka a n'ihi nke ndị dị otú ahụ Filiks na-kpuchie na mmiri, obere àgwàetiti.

ọnọdụ Ihu Igwe

E nwere ọtụtụ ihe na-ekpebi ihu igwe siri ike nke obodo.
Ịtụle Laptev Sea na map, anyị nwere ike na-esonụ mmechi

• ọ dị na elu latitudes nke Northern Hemisphere;
• mbọhọ Central Arctic Basin ịkpa ike idụhe nke region;
• remoteness nke oké osimiri si Atlantic na Pacific ịnapụ ya ihe-ekwe omume nke na-a na-ekpokwu ọkụ na mmetụta nke mmiri.

N'elu oké osimiri kasị nke oge udo-enwe keiwuba ihu igwe. Naanị ajọ ifufe nke agabiga n'ebe ndịda nke mmiri, na-eweta nnukwu snow, Bilie ike ifufe.

Na ndịda nke Laptev Sea oyi ruo ọnwa itoolu, ma ya edere edere mpaghara nke na-ezighị ezi okpomọkụ na-ofu 11 ọnwa. The coldest oyi ọnwa - January. Nkezi okpomọkụ nso nke 26-28 degrees n'okpuru efu. Mara ikpe nke Mbelata mercury ka larịị nke -61 ^° C
jụụ okpomọkụ ebe a - na bụghị ihe ọhụrụ ọhụrụ. Kama nke ahụ, Kama - a ịrịba ama mmụba na okpomọkụ (e.g. ka 24-32 ° C) - bụ obere na-adịghị ahụkebe. Ndị kacha bụrụ ezigbo okpomọkụ ọnwa bụ August. N'oge a temometa bụ ofu +7 ... + 9 degrees n'ebe ndịda na 1 ^{° C} na ugwu nke oké osimiri. The isi distinguishing ji mara ndị na Laptev oké osimiri ihu igwe - a siri ike na-adịru ogologo oge obi jụrụ na dịtụ jụụ ifufe ọnọdụ.

Ịtọ ụtọ na okpomọkụ nke mmiri. Okwukwo na kpụkọrọ

The nkesa nke salinity na Laptev Sea na-budata emetụta eziokwu na ndị kasị ibu osimiri nke Afrika bu ebe a a bukwanu ego nke ọhụrụ mmiri. Na nke a, na salinity nke ndịda oké osimiri ebe bụ budata ala karịa ugwu. N'ihi nke a, nnu ọdịnaya nke pasent abawanye na oyi na na ọkụ ọnwa, e nwere desalination. Lena River, Khatanga, Jan, Olenek ke ndaeyo-ewetara 90% nke kwa afọ eruba nke ọhụrụ mmiri. N'otu oge ahụ, e nwere ihe kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ agbaze nke kpụkọrọ, nke na-emetụta ọnụego nke salinity. Ọ kwesịkwara kwuru na nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ abụghị otu na elu na nke miri emi n'ígwé nke mmiri mmiri kọlụm. N'elu nke ala salinity.

Laptev Sea omimi ekpebi okpomọkụ nke mmiri. Ọ na-adabere na ogugu ma na na mmiri ebe ikwu na ala gbara osimiri okirikiri ebe, mmetụta nke osimiri, na oge nke afọ. Ọtụtụ mgbe ọ bụ efu. N'oge okpomọkụ na ụfọdụ ala gbara osimiri okirikiri ebe na-emighị emi mmiri okpomọkụ bụ 4-6 degrees Celsius. The coils, nke, site ụzọ, na e nwere ọtụtụ, ọ dị nso ka akara na 10 ^{° C,} na n'oké osimiri adịghị gafere abụọ degrees.

The usoro nke esiri na Laptev Sea na-adịghị mma na-amụ. Otú ọ dị, anyị maara na a nnukwu akụkụ a ọzọ, ka egwu na-akpọ osimiri, na-ebu nnukwu ichekwa mmiri na oké osimiri.
Otu n'ime ihe ndị mgbe ya n'oké osimiri Laptev ike ịkpọ Novosibirsk na East Taimyr. Ọ ga-kwuru na ike ọsọ nke mmiri bụ ala, na ike nke na-adịghị ike okwukwo ejighị n'aka.

Ke mbubreyo September, na ice guzobere usoro na-amalite dum ebe, nke ukwuu sikwuoro mbupu. Site October ka May ndị Laptev Sea mmiri icebound. N'ihi ya dị 30% nke ya ebe a kpụrụ ngwa ngwa ice, ndị fọdụrụ kpuchie ịkpafu ice floes. Na June na July e ha agbaze. Otú ọ dị, nanị site August, a nnukwu n'elu ebe nke oké osimiri ice a tọhapụrụ n'agbụ.

Flora na fauna

The ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi nke Laptev Sea na-ahụkarị nke Arctic. Phytoplankton na-anọchite anya algae. Marine ciliates, copepods na amphipods, rotifers bụ ahụkarị ndị nnọchiteanya nke zooplankton.

Na ogbu nke oké osimiri na-nkịtị azu umu dị ka Siberia whitefish, Arctic Ịsaka, Arctic Cisco, ọcha salmon, Sturgeon. Walruses, beluga whales, akàrà - òtù nke iji nke mammals. The ice desat mbụ egwu bi Arctic - na polar bear.

Islands nke Laptev Sea

Na ókèala nke oké osimiri bụ banyere abụọ na iri na abuo buru ibu ma na obere àgwàetiti. Dị mma ịmara na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na foduru nke mammoths a hụrụ. Ha na-ọma ẹnịm, otú ahụ ka nchọpụta ndị dị oké nkà mmụta sayensị na uru. Modern bi n'agwaetiti ndị arctic nkịta ọhịa na polar bea.
Nso n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Afrika, obere agwaetiti na-na-emekarị ndokwa ke otu ke otu. Anyị na-ekwu okwu banyere ebe ndị dị otú ala, dị ka Islands nke Komsomolskaya Pravda, Thaddeus, Peter, efe n'elu foto, na Danube. E nwekwara ibu, mere ndokwa singly. Ndị a gụnyere ndị Great Begichev, Sandy, Muostakh Island, Makar.

Laptev Sea River

Dị ka e kwuru na mbụ, ndị kasị ibu osimiri eru n'ime oké osimiri, nwere a ịrịba mmetụta na ọtụtụ ihe. Ha na ọnọdụ na ntụziaka site n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ruo n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ dị ka ndị a: Jan, Lena, Olenek, Anabar, Khatanga. Ọ bụ ndị a ponds na-ifịk ifịk na-eji eme nnyocha Territory - Khariton na Dmitriem Laptevymi, onye na-aha ya bụ na nsọpụrụ nke Laptev Sea.

Ndị a osimiri emetụta larịị nke nnu na oké osimiri na mmiri. N'ihi ọrụ kwuru waterways kpụrụ a enyemaka nke n'ala oké osimiri ahụ, ihe ndekọ nke ya coastline, na mejupụtara nke sedimentary nkume na sedimenti.

Atụmanya nke mmepe nke region

Taa, Laptev Sea a gụnyere na mmemme nke ọmụmụ, nke na-eduzi jikotara aka wee site Russian na German ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị maka gara aga afọ iri abụọ. Modern ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na echeta na mmalite a merenụ e butere site Peter I. Ma ndị dị otú ahụ adịghị atụ ụjọ njem dị ka Vitus Bering, Laptev Dmitry na Khariton na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-eme nchọpụta, ruo mgbe ebighị ebi ede akụkọ ihe mere eme nke na-amụ Arctic.

Ugbu a nke usoro ihe omume beach amụ Laptev na gburugburu ebe natara mba ọnọdụ. 15 Russian na 12 German na nkà mmụta sayensị na òtù dị iche iche profaịlụ na-esịne ke kwuru ọrụ. -Arụ ọrụ iji 2015. Na taa, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị mere a otutu na-akpali akpali nchoputa.

The pụta nwetara n'oge ọmụmụ anyị nyocharala n'ókèala ndị pụrụ iche. N'ihi na ihe natara n'oge mmiri na terrestrial njem ndị mmadụ merela, ọkà mmụta sayensị nwere ike ịmụta ọtụtụ ihe banyere gara aga ihu igwe epochs Arctic ịghọta ọnọdụ nke guzobere nke ihu igwe na dị n'ógbè taa.

Nnukwu repository nke ice na-adị ọhụrụ mmiri na-ewere dị ka Laptev Sea.
Njem ekenịmde mgbalị nke mba abụọ na kacha elu technology, na ngwá na nkà mmụta sayensị na ụzọ ga-eme ka otú ndị mmadụ na-eche banyere Arctic, na-eji nkà mmụta sayensị na data dị irè na nzube.