Russian Arctic ngagharị ihe mere eme. The atụmatụ nke mmepe nke Arctic

Russia ọnụnọ na Arctic region ọtụtụ narị afọ. Na mmepe nke iga na ndị ọzọ na akụrụngwa ego bụ a jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ na mmepe nke Arctic. USSR lekwasị mgbalị ha tumadi na mmejuputa iwu nke obodo oru maka mmepe nke onye ubi. Ugbu a Russian ọchịchị na-eme ka nọ n'ọrụ mgbalị budata dịkwuo Ọnọdụ nke aka nke mpaghara akụ na ụba.

Ezi ihe mere. N'etiti ndị ọkachamara na-ekwu - ụfọdụ mma na ihu igwe na ọnọdụ (mgbe ọ ghọrọ dị ọzọ n'ókèala), zuru ụwa ọnụ, Filiks ke n'ụwa aku na uba, nke na-achọ mwekota nke ọzọ iga ụzọ gasị, gụnyere ugwu okporo ụzọ pụrụ ịbụ. Nsogbu nke Arctic nnọọ iche iche - na ọ bụ gburugburu, na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na socio-aku akụkụ. Ma olileanya nke na-arụ ọrụ na nke a direction, dị ka ndị ọkachamara, bụ nnọọ ihe ịrịba ama.

assimilation

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Arctic ngagharị bụ karịsịa na-adọrọ mmasị. The mbụ ọmụma banyere mpaghara na Russian na isi mmalite na-akpa azụ ka 10th narị afọ. Karịsịa ifịk ifịk na-aga mmepe nke n'ókèala na-now na-emekarị kwuru na Northern Sea Nsoro. Na narị afọ nke 16 na n'ụsọ oké osimiri-bi na-enwe ike na-esi ọnụ ndị Ob, na mgbe - na Yenisei, na Lena. E nwere, ma ugbu a, ihe ọmụma ndị na mmepe nke Arctic onye n'ezie na-aga azụ n'oge ochie, ebe ọ bụ na Stone Age. Na 16-17th narị afọ Russian-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri na-enwe ike na-achọpụta na isi akụkụ nke oké osimiri nke Arctic, na-emeghe ụzọ na Pacific Ocean.

Ke ufọt ufọt narị afọ nke 18 na n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Arctic bụ a na-eme nchọpụta nke Great Northern njem, edu Vitus Bering. Ọkà mmụta sayensị na-enwe ike eme ka a bara uru nkewa na hydrographic ihe onwunwe. Ná mmalite narị afọ nke 19, Russian nchọpụta aka iso ifịk ifịk inyocha ndị Arctic. Ụfọdụ njem ndị mmadụ merela na-abuana na mba ọzọ na-eme nnyocha. Ihe atụ, na 1873, akipelago, aha ya bụ Franz Josef Land, meghere ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri nke Austria na Hungarian Alaeze Ukwu. Na 1878-1879 afọ nke na Northern Sea Nsoro site ná mmalite ruo ọgwụgwụ nke gara aga, na-eme nnyocha si nkwonkwo Swedish-Russian naval njem na ụgbọ mmiri "Vega". kpara icebreaker "Ermak" e wuru na 1899, nke kwere ka iru nkwurịta okwu n'etiti ndị dị iche iche n'ógbè nke dị n'ebe ugwu Russia. Arctic ngagharị nzọụkwụ site nzọụkwụ, ba narị afọ nke 20. N'agbanyeghị ihe isi ike ụfọdụ, mgbe October mgbanwe, na 1920s, e kere ọtụtụ owuwu onye ọrụ bụ ka n'ihu inyocha mpaghara. Na afọ 1923-1933 na ebe n'akụkụ aka Arctic Ocean, na Russian na mgbe Soviet na-eme nnyocha wuru 19 weather ụgbọ. Ifịk ifịk inyocha na Russian North na na 30s.

Ebe ọ bụ na mmalite nke Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya, na-amụ ihe nke Arctic nwa oge kwụsịrị, ma akụrụngwa nke obodo, guzosie ike na aga na afọ, ihe dị ịrịba onyinye mmeri. N'afọ gara mgbe agha ahụ, Northern Sea Nsoro na-ọzọ gara Soviet na-eme nnyocha. Na ebe n'akụkụ aka Arctic, ha na-emegbu ego mmanụ, gas, gold, diamonds. Emepe emepe obodo akụrụngwa, na-ewu nke ọhụrụ niile, e nwere ndị nnukwu ulo oru ụlọ ọrụ. The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Arctic ngagharị na Soviet oge e ji mara mmejuputa dị otú ahụ nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ na fundamentally mkpa ngo, ma na taa Russia ka eji na akụrụngwa, na nkà mmụta sayensị na-nketa nke oge. Otú ọ dị, tupu mba anyị na-eche ihu ọhụrụ nsogbu na mmepe nke obodo.

The zuru ụwa ọnụ uru

Interest na Arctic na-enwe ọ bụghị nanị na Russia. Isi ihe mere na a akụkụ nke ụwa dọtara uche nke fọrọ nke nta niile gbara ya gburugburu na-enye - nnukwu eke akụ na ụba. Dịkarịa ala ọzọ anọ mba, ma e wezụga Russia, na-ekwu na mmepe nke Arctic - na US, Canada, Norway na Denmark. Ọ bụla na mba nwere n'ụzọ ụfọdụ oké osimiri ụzọ ọpụpụ na nnukwu-region.

Resources na Russian Arctic

Large ebe nke continental akụkụ nke Arctic bụ nke Russia. E nwere ihe pụrụ iche ego nke mmanụ na gas, na mbụ nkebi na mmepe ha, mba anyị na-ama na-amalite iji mejuputa. Nke a nwere ike hụrụ, akpan akpan, ihe atụ nke a ezigbo ijeụkwụ ụlọ ewu na ógbè ndị na-n'akụkụ aka Arctic shelf - ya mere na-eme n'ọdịnihu na-eme nnyocha na nnukwu-oru di iche iche di ike idozi nso gaje saịtị. Naanị na otu nke Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District ugbu a wuru ọtụtụ narị puku ndị square mita nke residential ebe. Mma na iga akụrụngwa.

Immediate ebumnobi

Gịnị bụ ọzọ nzọụkwụ ke kpuchie nke nke ga-mmepe nke Russian Arctic? Kasị ike na-eme nnyocha na oru buu igba n'ulo nke mba anyị chere na ntụziaka nke mmepe nke Bovanenkovo mmanụ na gas ubi dị na Yamalo-Nenets mpaghara. Dị ka ụfọdụ ndị ọkachamara, ọ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu ga-ekpebi atụmanya maka mmepe na a akụkụ nke Russia.

Ọ na-zubere na na mmepe nke Arctic ruo 2020 gọọmenti etiti nke Russia ga-anọ banyere 630 ijeri rubles. 50 ijeri na-atụ anya na-adọta ka si na mpaghara Amawaputala. A na ọnụ ọgụgụ na-enye a ala omume nke mmepe nke Arctic, n'otu oge na ego nwere ike adi. Nzube nke mkpa omume - a saa mbara development nke dum Arctic mpaghara.

N'ókèala dị na Russian Arctic kpebiri ọkwá ala gbara osimiri okirikiri na offshore ebe entities dị ka Murmansk na Arkhangelsk na mpaghara, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Yakutia, Chukotka Autonomous District. The akụ nwere nke region, dị ka ndị ọchịchị, bụ nnukwu. Ma, ya bara uru, mmejuputa iwu-achọ ịrịba mgbalị metụtara ihe ngwọta nke gburugburu ebe obibi nsogbu, mba ọzọ amụma. Development nke iga, ike, akụrụngwa, njem, ekwe ebe, dị ka ihe atụ, mmepe nke Arctic shelf - nnọọ achọ eme.

Natural ego Yamal

Ugbua Yamal region - otu n'ime isi ihe maka Russian gas ụlọ ọrụ. Ugbu a ubi na-emepụta ihe karịrị 80% nke anyị gas. Mkpokọta mee nke eke gas na Yamal Peninsula - puku ijeri cubic mita. E nwekwara mmanụ - ya mee na-eme atụmatụ na gburugburu 200 nde ise. Public-onwe atụmatụ n'ọrụ mmepe nke akụrụngwa ike nke na-enye n'ụzọ nke gas si Yamal.

gas akụrụngwa

Otu n'ime ihe ndị kacha mkpa ná ndụ na-ewu akụrụngwa na Yamal - LNG mmepụta. Mbụ niile, a na osisi nso mmezi Sabetta, nke na-ewuli "Novatek". The na-atụ anya ike nke ume - banyere 15 nde tọn. Near osisi a kwesŽrŽ ọdụ ewu, a isi na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri. Dị ka atụrụ anya, isi ubi, na ndabere nke nke na ụlọ ọrụ ga na-arụ ọrụ, - South Tambeyskoye, nke a na-ewere ndị kasị ibu Yamal Peninsula. Ya mee - 1.3 puku ijeri cubic mita nke gas. E nwere na-egosi na nke a oru ngo ga-n'ụzọ dị ukwuu lekwasịrị anya mba ọzọ ahịa. Zubere ụbọchị nke nyere - 2016 afọ.

Northern latitudinal

Development nke Arctic Russia, N'ezie, ọ bụghị nanị na-eme na gas ụlọ ọrụ. Otu n'ime ihe ndị dị ịrịba ama na ọnọdụ - ewu ogologo oge oké osimiri ụzọ - na Northern latitudinal ụzọ. Ọdịdị nke a Maritime okporo ụzọ a na-azọrọ na e tinye ndị dị otú ahụ na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị ka Salekhard, Nadym, Novy Urengoi. Realization nke usoro ihe omume nke na-ewu nke a oké osimiri na-aga na-ejikọta ya na mkpa iji hụ na nkwurịta okwu n'etiti dị iche iche nke Arctic nnukwu-region.

Railway akụrụngwa

Mmepe nke Arctic na-esonyere ndị na-ewu ọhụrụ okporo ígwè netwọk na mpaghara. Nke a dị mkpa karịsịa, akpan akpan maka mmepe nke mmanụ na gas ghọọ mmanụ ubi, nakwa dị ka okwu nke ọhaneze na mmepe nke Yamal-Nenets mpaghara. Ọ chọrọ iji wuo a n'ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè ọnụ Ob-2, na-ebikwasị ụzọ, nke jikọọ Salekhard na akụkụ ụfọdụ nke Northern Railway. Zubere ewu nke mmiri gafee Ob River. Ndị a ihe na-atụ anya ga-arụmọrụ na 2015.

mmanụ akụrụngwa

Oil njem si Yamal ubi na ndị ọzọ na nnukwu-region achọ mmepe nke kwesịrị ekwesị akụrụngwa. Otu n'ime ihe ndị kacha mkpa oru - mmanụ "Pua-Pee" - "Samotlor". Ịpụ iche nke na ọ na - na obodo ọnọdụ. Ọ - kasị northerly nke isi Russian mmanụ pipelines. Nzube nke ya na-ewu --abawanye na olu nke-ebu mmanụ si Arctic na Siberia ka ndị European akụkụ nke Russia na mbupụ atụmanya.

eletrik akụrụngwa

Development nke Arctic-achọ iwebata eletrik akụrụngwa ụlọ ọrụ. Otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi - Ike "Polar". Ya na-ewu e dechara na 2011. Osisi ahụ arụnyere ikike - 268 MW. "Polar" bụ nnọọ n'ihi na oruru nke Iweputa ọkọnọ nke eletrik mmepụta , lekwasị ke Yamal Peninsula, nakwa dị ka ndị bi na obodo na mpaghara, na-eme ka o kwe omume na-eji dochie gharazie ịba uru boilers na na-eji bi ebe. Nke a na-eburu ụdi Mbelata tariffs maka ọkụ eletrik na okpomọkụ bi Yamal.

gas nhazi

Ọ na-atụ anya na mmepụta na njem nke ngwaọrụ na Yamal Peninsula kwesịrị complemented nwekwara nhazi ọrụ. Karịsịa, na-emegharị ka ojiji nke a na-akpọ metụtara gas. The eziokwu na nke a ụdị ihe nwere ike ịbụ ihe ndabere maka mgbake nke ìhè hydrocarbons. Ha, n'aka, nwere ike iji chemical ụlọ ọrụ maka mmepụta nke roba, detergents, wdg Otu n'ime ndị isi ulo oru akụrụngwa na Arctic region - .. Mgbagwoju gas nhazi Noyabrsk na yiri ụlọ ọrụ na Gubkinsky.

ifufe ike

Mepụtara site na Russian ọchịchị na ụlọ ọrụ atụmatụ Arctic development na-agụnye na mmepe nke ọzọ ụzọ nke na-amụba ọkụ eletrik. Nke a direction bụ ọrụ na-ewu nke ifufe ike osisi. Dị ka otu nke ugbu a oru na mpaghara nwere ezigbo ihu igwe ego maka ihe ịga nke ọma bara uru mmejuputa oru metụtara mmepe nke ọzọ ume na isi mmalite. Na nke a, ifufe ike osisi ga-ewu-anaghị achọ mmepụta nke ụfọdụ fundamentally ọhụrụ na nkà na ụzụ ngwọta - ihe niile dị mkpa bụ na-ama na ahịa. Mejuputa mkpa nmepe-ekwe omume - aku feasibility nke ha, mmejuputa iwu-egosi. The Government nke Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District kwuru ya ịdị njikere ihe ọṅụ na kwekọrọ ekwekọ direction oru ngo.

njem

Mmepe nke Russian Arctic na-atụ anya ọ bụghị nanị na na akụkụ nke ulo oru mmepe, ma na-na a ubé dị iche iche ụzọ - by njem nleta. Ugbu a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke enthusiasts onye kpebiri ịga Yamal n'ime na-eje ije, ọ bụghị nke ukwuu. Otú ọ dị, na mmepe nwere nke mkpa ụlọ ọrụ na mpaghara budata. Nke a na-kwupụtara a dịgasị iche iche nke akụkụ. Firstly, na Yamal Peninsula mara mma okike. Nke abuo, ebe a ụmụ amaala obodo ibi na Russia, onye omenala, ụzọ ndụ na-ele ọbịa nke region enye a pụrụ iche flavor. Nke atọ, Yamal - a akwa ebe n'èzí enthusiasts.

Ọzọkwa, anyị na-arịba ama na ya mmasị na mmepe nke njem, ndị ọchịchị kwuru na Yamal. Atụmatụ nke ndị ọchịchị - na-akwalite mmepe nke akụrụngwa dị mkpa maka njem nakwa nkwado maka oru buu igba n'ulo aku adọta ndị njem nleta na mpaghara. Ụfọdụ ndị ọkachamara kweere na Yamal, nakwa dị ka ndị ọzọ na mpaghara nke Arctic, na-ekwe nkwa na okwu nke mmepe nke ụgbọ njem.

The gburugburu ebe obibi akụkụ

Gịnị bụ isi nsogbu, na-enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma mmepe nke Russian Arctic nwere ike isi ike? Ná mmalite nke isiokwu a, anyị kwuru na n'etiti ebe nke na-achọ nlebara anya pụrụ iche, - na gburugburu ebe obibi. N'etiti ebe ọrụ na mkpa ka na-emejuputa atumatu na n'ọdịnihu dị nso, - nhicha ahụ Arctic mpaghara ebe gburugburu ebe obibi ize ndụ bụ ndị kasị anya.

mmanụ price ihe na-akpata

Na otu version nke ụwa na aku na uba na-abanye a na-adọ nke njupụta nke dịtụ ala mmanụ ahịa. Nwere ike nke a bụ eziokwu na-a na-ezighị ezi na-akpata na akụkụ nke mmepe nke Arctic? Ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara kweere na-eri nke mmanụ na gas mmepụta bụ na ógbè ndị dị otú ahụ na ọbụna mgbe ugbu a abụghị nnọọ elu ụwa ahịa mmanụ kwekọrọ ekwekọ na ụdị nke aku na uba ọrụ ga-anọgide na-aba uru.