Paịpụ: paịpụ Russia

Russian mmanụ pipelines - otu n'ime ndị isi components nke mmanụ ụgbọala na ume oru nke aku na uba. Ka ụbọchị, na Russian Federation na-arụ ọrụ ọtụtụ ihe netwọk nke mmanụ pipelines, gas pipelines na mmanụ pipelines ná mgbanwe nke pụtara. Pipeline iga njikọ ke ọtụtụ ndị na-achị nke Federation, na-eje ozi maka mbupụ nke hydrocarbons na ha emepụta.

nhazi ọkwa nke pipelines

Paịpụ na-ekewa dị ka nzube ha:

• Obodo Jikọọ akpọkwa n'ime oku azu, mmanụ na gas nchekwa ụlọ ọrụ, refineries.
• Regional conduits nwere ogologo nke ọtụtụ iri puku kwuru iri kilomita. Oilfields eke agbụ na-nwe-ebe, na ihe mmanụ loading (loading) na mmiri ma ọ bụ okporo ígwè, isi pipeline.
• Idé - pipelines, nke bụ n'elu 50 km, anwụrụ n'obosara site 200 mm na 1400 mm na n'elu. The anya nke ngwaahịa nwere ike ọnọ dị otú ahụ pipelines, na otu narị otu narị ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ puku kilomita. Pumping a rụrụ bụghị otu Compressor ojii na multiple, spaced n'ụzọ ahụ nke pipeline. Dabere na pumped mmanụ, isi pipeline a na-akpọ pipeline (crude mmanụ pumping) na ngwaahịa (mmanụ), nwa mmanụ, a mmanụ ụgbọala, manu oku, na ndị ọzọ.

Ogwe edoghi na-ejikwara nọgidere, ha nwere ike ịbụ a-adịru nwa oge na-akwụsị na ihe mberede, na-eme mmezi ma ọ bụ dochie nke akụkụ.

Mmepe nke mmanụ pipelines na Russia

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmepe nke paịpụ na Russia na-apụtụghị jikọrọ mmepe nke mmanụ ụlọ ọrụ. Na 1901, ala na-amị fọrọ nke nta ọkara nke ngụkọta ụwa mmanụ mmepụta. Na-amụba mpịakọta nke ngwaọrụ a na-esiwanye jụrụ ya njem. akụ na ụba feasibility nke ndị na-ewu pipelines siworo gosi iji belata ibu nke ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè ma belata na-eri nke njem.

The mbụ Russian ogwe pipelines na ngụkọta ogologo nke 1147 km e wuru na uzo nke XIX na XX ọtụtụ narị afọ na-ejikọrọ ubi na gburugburu Baku mmanụ mmanụ. The ụzọ na-ewulite mbụ ngwaahịa pipeline ekesịpde Di Mendeleev. The atụmatụ e emejuputa atumatu na 1906. The pipeline ogologo nke 831 km, 200 mm ọkpọkọ na nke 13 Compressor ụgbọ bụ ndị kasị ibu n'ụwa na-na oge na-ọnọ kerosin si Baku ka Batumi n'ihi na mbupụ.

Na prewar afọ, isi aga nke mmanụ na mmanụ ngwaahịa nọ Caspian Sea, na Caucasus na Volga efere. Ọ na-e nyere na Grozny-Tuapse mmanụ pipeline (649 km, 273 mm n'obosara), Ishimbai-Ufa (169 km, 300 mm) na ngwaahịa Mangyshlak - Samara na Ust-Balik - Almetyevsk.

A ọhụrụ gburugburu nke mmepe nke Russian mmanụ pipelines (mgbe ahụ USSR) nweela na post-agha afọ. Ọ peaked na oge nke ngwa mmepe nke Ngwuputa na nhazi nke mmanụ na Volga-Urals Basin na mmepe nke ego na Siberia. paịpụ nke bukwanu ogologo ruo 1200 mm n'obosara e wuru. Ekele ụfọdụ n'ime ha (eg, Surgut - Polotsk), Siberia mmanụ malitere-anapụta Central n'ógbè Russia, Belarus na Baltic States.

Uru nke pipeline iga

The kasị kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ mmepe nke mmanụ na gas pipelines Russia natara na nkera nke abụọ nke XX narị afọ. Taa, ibu na kpọmkwem nnukwu mpo nke ebuga hydrocarbon pipelines bụ nwayọọ nwayọọ displaces mmiri ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè njem nke mmanụ na mmanụ na ngwaahịa. Isi uru nke mmanụ na gas pipelines bụ:

• A ịrịba nso nke pumping, nsogbu-free ọrụ, a ịrịba bandwit, kacha nta losses.
• A dịgasị viscosity nso nke mmanụ pumped.
• Anụ ọrụ dị iche iche na ihu igwe zones.
• Ekwe omume nke ewu a pipeline na fọrọ nke nta ka ebe niile.
• The elu nke ígwè ọrụ na-ewu.
• Akpaaka usoro maka akara nke nkà na ụzụ Filiks.

Isi mwepu nke pipeline iga-atụle ga-zuru ezu nnukwu investments na ewu na-adọ.

The kasị ibu Russian mmanụ pipelines

1. Baku - Novorossiysk - a pipeline na imipu Caspian mmanụ n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke Novorossiysk.
2. Balakhani - Black City - bụ nke mbụ Russian mmanụ pipeline etinyere n'olu na 1878. Ogwe pipeline ejikọ Balakhani azu na na Absheron Peninsula na ejegharịrị ikike na gburugburu Baku.
3. Baltic pipeline netwọk. Design ikike - 74 nde tọn mmanụ kwa afọ. Ọ na ejikọ ndị na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke Primorsk si mmanụ ubi na Western Siberia na Ural-Volga mpaghara.
4. Eastern Siberia - Pacific Ocean - a pipeline ejikọta Siberia ubi na mmanụ port Kozmino nso Nakhodka. pipeline ọrụ - OJSC "AK" Transneft ". Ogologo nke 4188 km na-eme ka o kwe omume na mbupụ Russian mmanụ Asia-Pacific na US ahịa.
5. The mmanụ pipeline "Druzhba" - kasị ibu n'ụwa usoro nke isi pipelines, wuru maka mmanụ na mmanụ ala na ngwaahịa ke socialist mba nke Eastern Europe. Ugbu a, ọ ejikwara n'ihi na mbupụ na Europe.
6. Grozny - Tuapse - mbụ Russian ogwe pipeline ajụ n'obosara, wuru na n'oge nke iri abụọ na narị afọ maka iburu Kọkeshịan mmanụ na Black Sea n'ụsọ oké osimiri.
7. The Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC) pipeline ejikọ ubi dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Kazakhstan ka a ọnụ na Black Sea n'ụsọ oké osimiri nso Novorossiysk.
8. Murmansk pipeline na ike nke 80 nde tọn ejikọ mmanụ ubi na Western Siberia na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke Murmansk.
9. Surgut - Polotsk - mmanụ pipeline ejikọ Western Siberia na Belarus na mgbe ahụ Baltic mba na Poland.
10. A pụrụ iche kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ isi mmanụ pipeline Uzen - Atyrau - Samara.

Export via mmanụ pipelines

Ugbu a, ndị Russian mmanụ pipelines ajụjụ maka 84% nke na-ebupụ site na mba ahụ nke na mmanụ. Ndị fọdụrụ 13% bụ okporo ígwè njem na 3% - okenye na osimiri iga. OJSC "AK" Transneft "- naanị ọrụ nke mmanụ pipelines na Russia. Ọ akụkọ 97% nke-ebu mmanụ na-emepụta ná mba ahụ. Na ogologo nke pipeline usoro nke ụlọ ọrụ -. More karịa 217 puku kilomita, nke ejikọ isi n'ógbè mmanụ mmepụta ke Russia na ahịa ahịa na Europe. 46,7 thous. Km nke ngụkọta iga usoro metụtara mmanụ pipelines na 19,3 thous. Km nọ pipelines.

Main mmanụ pipelines na Russia, na-aka na mbupụ nke:

• The Baltic pipeline ikike - 74 nde tọn kwa afọ;
• The pipeline usoro "Druzhba". Otu nke alaka nke pipeline aga Poland, nke abụọ - na Slovakia. Total ike - 90 nde tọn;
• Black Sea mmanụ pipeline - 43 nde tọn.

The kasị ekwe ebe maka mmepe nke Russian mmanụ ebupụ bụ East Siberia, n'ihi brisk ibu na mmanụ oriri na China.