Gịnị bụ ụgbọelu na fuselage? A circuit ngwaọrụ, bughi ọcha

The fuselage nke a njem ugbo elu ejikọ nku, ọdụ na ụfọdụ ndị Chassis. Ọ na-zubere maka akụrụngwa, ndi oru ugbo na ibu. Ụgbọelu na-enweghị a fuselage akpọ na-efe efe nku. Na ya thickened ogige bụ na ihe niile dị ot ụgbọala ahụ. Tụlee N'ịkọwakwu ihe ụgbọelu si fuselage. Photos of a akụrụngwa ga-ga-adade ke isiokwu.

general chọrọ

N'ịkọwa na abụọ okwu, ihe ụgbọelu fuselage, anyị nwere ike ikwu na a kabinet. N'ihi na nke a akụrụngwa nke ugbo elu izute a usoro nke chọrọ:

1. Ò ojiji nke esịtidem olu.
2. Kacha nta ikpuru.
3. Huu ezigbo nyochaa nke kokpiiti na-arụ ọrụ ulo.
4. Pụrụ ịdabere Teplozvukoizolyatsiya na tightness.
5. Mfe nke ebutu / loading.
6. Proper ventilashion, ọkụ na kpo oku.

mpụga ụdị

Aircraft fuselage jiometrị axisymmetric ahụ nyere na a ezigbo tapering n'ebe pụta ìhè na AFT akụkụ. Na ndị dị otú ahụ ụdị, nyere kacha nta n'elu ebe maka nyere size. N'ihi ya, belata uka nke plating, ndị na-eguzogide mbelata. Low ibu enye uru ụfọdụ mgbe ọ gụrụ ngafe mgbali na-akàrà tagzi. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na a ọtụtụ ihe, nke a na ezigbo ụdị na-anaghị akwanyere ùgwù. Ire ụtọ na-emerụ contours, akpan akpan, dị ọcha nke ugbo elu fuselage dị ka ụlọ ọkụ, Rada mpi. Nke a na n'aka-eduga ná ụba ndị na-eguzogide na ụba ibu ibu. Otu mmetụta emee n'oge ichighaazu si eru forms na ọdụ ngalaba. Na nke a, na tilting n'akuku a na-nyere site na ịba ụba ma ọ bụ shortening nke ramp na ibu onu.

ibu

N'ịkọwa ihe fuselage (picture adade ke isiokwu, na-egosi e ji mara ya), ọ ga-kwuru banyere mmetụta na ọ na-enwe. N'oge ọdịda na na ụgbọ elu na nke a akụrụngwa bụ:

1. The agha-ebute site ná si n'ọnụ mmiri. Ndị a akpan akpan na-agụnye nku, ọdịda gia, feathering, powerplant na otú pụta.
2. Mass inertial mmetụta ngwá, ibu nkeji na na-na na ya.
3. Aerodynamic agha, nke na-na-ekesa gafee n'elu.
4. Inertial mmetụta nke ya ibu ibu. Ọ nwere n'onwe ya ugbo elu fuselage Ọdịdị.
5. The agha nke oké nsogbu na compartments nke ngwá, a pressurized ụlọ.

All gosiri ibu bụ kpamkpam ezi. Ịtụle na ndị dị otú ahụ a fuselage n'ime bughi-arụzi ụgbọala, ị nwere ike n'okpuru ya n'ụdị a igbe girder. Na nke ọ bụla na ngalaba nke ọ na-emetụta ndị kwụ na vetikal agha, torque. The pressurized compartments atụkwasịkwara ha oké nrụgide.

aririo modul

The kacha-atụle ga-ndị dị otú ahụ ụgbọelu fuselage atụmatụ nke ọ ga-enwe ike niile ibu gosiri n'elu maka zuru ezu ala deadweight. Thin-walled shei na nke a bụ ofu eku Ọdịdị. Full aririo nyere iji plating. Na ebe ndị fuselage nke ugbo elu, e nwere obodo aerodynamic agha, esịtidem overpressure, ngụkọta ọrụ. A mkpa-walled shei, na-akwado etiti n'ime maximally emeju chọrọ nke layout mma na-enye usoro mfe, arụmọrụ. Ndị dị otú ahụ a na ngwaọrụ na-ezo dị ka fuselage doworo. Mbụ na-eji truss nkeji. Ha nnoo Echefuola beamed na ya ibu ibu. Gịnị bụ ụgbọelu na fuselage truss-ụdị? Sheathing na nke a ọ na-kpamkpam ekwe n'aka ọrụ. Ọ na-ewe naanị obodo aerodynamic ibu. Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-ekwu banyere ihe ndị ugbo elu fuselage na nke a, ya nwere ike kọwaa dị ihe ọzọ modul, nke enwekwu ngụkọta arọ nke unit. Space truss budata sikwuoro okirikiri nhọrọ ukwuu nke ibu. Ụkọ ihe ụfọdụ nke a modul rụpụtara na eziokwu na ha na-adịghị eji oge a ugbo elu. Ha ga-eji naanị n'ihi na ala-ọsọ ìhè apparatuses nke obere ụgbọelu.

nhazi ọkwa

E nwere atọ ụdị nke ugbo elu fuselage:

1. Cladding.
2. Spar.
3. Stringer.

The abụọ ikpeazụ si dị iche na onye ọ bụla ọzọ na udi na square cross ngalaba. Longitudinal ekenịm ke ebe fuselage nke ugbo elu mejupụtara stringers na longerons. Encasing modul na cross ngalaba na-agụnye okpokolo agba. Ha na-enye a gaghị agara udi ichebe n'oge deformations shei na nyefee lekwasị na-ekesa ibu. Na ebe ugbo elu fuselage, e nwere ebe ndị nwere ike ịbụ a nnukwu ịta nke agha. Iji gbochie deformation na okwu ikpe ndị a na-emekwa mesikwuru okpokolo agba. The doo modul nke mmetụta nke ọ bụla direction na-hụrụ kpamkpam ekpuchi. Na ya na e nwere a tangent igba effortlessly. Ha nkesa na-adabere na direction nke mpụga mmetụta na cross-sectional udi nke modul. Sheathing n'ụzọ zuru ezu na-anabata torque. Na nke a, na tangential eruba na-ekesa evenly n'elu perimeta. Shei otú a, n'ozuzu nwere odnozamknuty ngwe na cross ngalaba. Na ebe e nwere cutouts ke shei, arụnyere ike gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ n'obi. Ha na-enye na ebe ndị a nyefe nke mgbalị nile.

Stringers na longerons

The longitudinal ngalaba nke ugbo elu fuselage bụ n'ozuzu n'elu ya dum ogologo. Ọnụ na akpụkpọ ha na-nkịtị n'ogige atụrụ mgbalị. Manufacturing nke stringers na spars nkịtị rụrụ, dị ka a na-achị, site na kpebisiri ma ọ bụ extruded profaịlụ na dị iche iche cross-ngalaba. Longitudinal ọcha nwere a nnukwu isi. Na elu ibu, mgbe ụfọdụ, a pụrụ arụnyere mejupụtara spars. Ha na-agụnye ọtụtụ ngalaba ejikọrọ na onye ọ bụla ọzọ. Mgbe gbaa n'onu he nnukwu ibé mee - longitudinal ọcha nke igbe-ngalaba. Ha na-mere nke extruded ngalaba, nke na-ekwurịta okwu ọ bụla ọzọ na mgbidi plating.

bends

Ha nwere ike sikwuo ike ma ọ bụ ot. Adịbeghị anya hụ na nchekwa nke cross-sectional udi nke modul. Arọ-oru osisi na-eji ebe nke nnukwu kasịnụ nke nchekasị na ahu. Ha bụ ọnụ, njikọ nkeji, gwara ibu, nnukwu ngwá, engines na na. Ga-emekwa ka na Limits nke nnukwu oghere na kabinet. Ot okpokolo agba nwere, dị ka a na-achị, a etiti Ọdịdị. Ha na-mere nke extruded ma ọ bụ mgbanwe mpempe akwụkwọ. Mesikwuru ọcha rụọ ọrụ n'ụdị a mechiri emechi ọwa ígwè etiti ma ọ bụ m-ngalaba. Tangential eruba-eme dị ka a support mmeghachi omume. Eku ekesa mpụga mmetụta na perimeta. Ka ọ dịgodị, ọ na-eme na gbagọrọ agbagọ. Ọ na-akọwa ya cross ngalaba. Ihe a haziri nke ndị dị otú ahụ a etiti bụ monolithic ma ọ bụ otu. Na ebe echichi nke partitions mesikwuru nnukwu isi mgbidi kpamkpam dụkọta elu. Ọ na-akwado site na kwụ na vetikal profaịlụ. Sheathing eku nwekwara ike ịbụ a * Tụkwasị na shei. Agaghi asu mkwado ọcha na-ndokwa radially.

sheathing

Ọ na-mere nke mpempe akwụkwọ metal. Ha na-guzobere na profaịlụ elu nke ụlọ na chekwaa. Nkwonkwo Ibé akwụkwọ nke a transverse na longitudinal akụkụ nke modul. N'ihi encasing ozu eji monolithic ọgịrịga ogwe. Na nso nso, ezi nile iji ọtụtụ ihe mejupụtara ihe.

compound mmiri

Sheathing nwere ike mmasị na osisi ma ọ bụ stringers ma ọ bụ abụọ ndị na, na ndị ọzọ. A mbụ n'onwe na-eji na-ekpuchi modul. Mgbe attaching naanị na stringers eji riveted longitudinal seams. The cross-njikọ otú anọghị. Nke a mma aerodynamic Njirimara nke modul. Ma na nke a, nta ibu lining tụfuru ya kwụsie ike. Nke a na-eduga onye na-abawanye na imewe ibu. Iji gbochie nke a, shei na-metụtara na compensator etiti mgbakwunye - ọzọ mgbakwunye.

nkwonkwo

Mgbe girder fuselage spar atụmatụ na-rụrụ iji ọnụ nke na-emi odude nanị na ndị longitudinal akụkụ. Ndị a na nkwonkwo na-akpọ isi. Depụtara compound eji girder stringer fuselages. The nkwonkwo nwere gburugburu perimeta nke etiti na ịnara enwekwukwa adịgide adịgide akpụkpọ stringers. Ogige ndị dị otú ahụ fuselages na-adịkarị rụrụ site n'aka flanges. Ndị dị otú ahụ a nkwụsị-enye a ike njikọ ahụ akụkụ nke ịkpọtụrụ ngwe.

arịọnụ nkeji

Connection ọnụ setịpụrụ mesikwuru okpokolo agba. Ha na-arụ ọrụ nke ike disk. N'ihi ha ọ na-rụrụ nkesa kpọt longitudinal ibu. Isi ọnụ ga na-ekwurịta okwu na ike spars. Iji belata ibu nke fuselage Ọdịdị bụ ihe kwesịrị ekwesị iji belata ego nke mesikwuru okpokolo agba. Na nke ọ bụla dị otú ahụ mmewere nwere ike positioned ọtụtụ mgbakọ mgbakwunye ihe.

nku

Dị ka a kpọmkwem atụmatụ nke gwara ndị a n'akụkụ na-eje ozi imecha ihe ekwe oge na nkwonkwo nke nku ogwe. Ga-atụle a ò adịzi nke ndị ziri ezi na-ekpe ọcha na center, agafe fuselage. Maka ụdị modul spar iji uche longitudinal òtù - ha ga-guzozie n'ogige. Iji jikọọ onye-ibe na nku igbe site ụlọ ga-agabiga niile nke ike panel. Ọ bụrụ na n'ihi ihe ụfọdụ a ngafe site na fuselage ọcha ike na-emejuputa atumatu, na-ekwe oge na n'aka-nri na n'aka ekpe ga-emechi na ibu na-amị osisi. Nke a ngwọta, Otú ọ dị, a pụrụ iji mee ka a nku spar, dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke akụkụ na ha bụ obere. Monoblock na coffered mmiri achọ a ukwuu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mesikwuru okpokolo agba. Ọ bụ nnọọ ihe siri ike ịrụ na a imewe. N'ọnọdụ dị otú ahụ ọ bụ ihe amamihe na-eji spar atụmatụ.

Kiel

Ya n'ugwu na-achọ a amanyere bụ iwu nyefe nke ekwe oge na fuselage. N'ihi nke a ọ bụla longitudinal keel so na jikọọ na ike etiti mgbakwunye. Ọ bụrụ na o kwere omume, i nwere ike iji poolu spar ụdị ibe edokọbara na abụọ ihe. Ha nwere a elu nke etiti. Arrow ekara longitudinal so nwere a ezumike na nrutu ebe ya na ya. Ọ na-achọ ka amanyere bụ iwu echichi nke ọzọ mkwado. Ọ nwere ike waived na ikpe ma ọ bụrụ na eku ga-etinye obliquely na axis nke fuselage na ụgbọelu bụ a n'ihu nke mgbidi nke spar. Ma mmezu nke a nhọrọ ga-esonyere ụfọdụ ihe isi ike.

cutouts

The akụkụ nke ugbo elu fuselage agụnye oghere n'ihi na windo, ibo ụzọ, hatches, ọkụ, wheel akọwa. All ndị a he emerụ mmechi nke anụ ngwe. N'ihi ya, kwụsie ike na-budata belata na ozu ike. Iji chefuo weere tinyere contours nke oghere na-ebugharị a etiti isiike gbaa n'onu ya. Na obere akụkụ nke cutouts ọ bụ a monolithic Ọdịdị. Ọ na-mere si mpempe akwụkwọ mere zọ ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ ndị ọzọ. Okantovyvayut nnukwu oghere na nsọtụ mesikwuru okpokolo agba. Longitudinally n'ịnyịnya ibé. N'otu oge ahụ ha na-adịghị abịa na njedebe n'ime ezumike na n'ofè mesikwuru okpokolo agba. A ana achi achi a isiike taabụ nke longitudinal akụkụ. ọdịda gia ofu aka mesikwuru ọgịrịga na spars ke ala akụkụ nke ahu.

pressurized ụlọ

Mgbe efe na elu elu nke oké nsogbu na-nọgidere na-enwe. Iji hụ na kacha nta arọ airtight cabins rụọ ọrụ ha n'ụdị a okirikiri ma ọ bụ a cylinder na * Tụkwasị na N'ala. Ọ dị mkpa ka ike na etiti, bụ nke dị na nkwụsị nke agba. Nke a ka a chọrọ n'aka n'ihi na ọ na-ewe ezi nnukwu compressive ibu. The pressurized ulo ụlọ na a ibu nke na-enweghị isi nsogbu dịghị enwe ekwe deformations. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ naanị na erughị ala. Mgbe ụfọdụ, kwuru, sị ebu agbahapụ. Nke a na n'aka-eduga onye na-abawanye na ibu dum Ọdịdị. Iji hụ na ndị dị mkpa rigidity ewepụghị panel eji ekwe. N'okpuru nduzi nke overpressure, na-akwado ha transverse na longitudinal ibé (ọgịrịga). Aka na rigidity nke nkọwa ebi ndụ n'ụdị bred chepụtara. Ndò ga-mbo ihu pụrụ ịdabere na akara nke niile bolted na riveted nkwonkwo. N'ihi nke a, a pụrụ iche teepu. Impregnated na sealant, mastic promazyvayut na-abụghị ihicha, ntekwasa na a pụrụ iche compound, sochiri ihicha. Na nkwụsị nke shei efere na-eji multi-ahiri Rivet nkwonkwo na obere increments. Karịsịa nlezianya hazie hermetic hatches, windows, ọkụ, ọnụ ụzọ. Akara na-nyere site na ojiji nke pụrụ iche akara n'aka. O nwere ike ịbụ roba na ìgwè ndị agha, teepu, inflatable akpa, gaskets.

chọrọ omume

Iji hụ na nnabata na ihe ndị a chọrọ na-emetụta na ugbo elu fuselage, ụfọdụ edinam ga-rụrụ. Ndị a gụnyere:

1. Oke nke dị oke ụkpụrụ na mpụga casing forms nke ikpuru ga-ebelata ka a kacha nta, na bara uru na olu karị, ga-ezigbo.
2. Iji a na-ebuli fuselage. N'ihi ha kere a ịrịba inwego. Nke a na-eme ka o kwe omume iji belata ibu na ebe nke nku.
3. Ò ojiji nke bara uru olu. Nke a na-enweta site na-amụba layout njupụta, kọmpat pụrụ isi chọta nke ibu ke center nke uka. Na nke a ga-ibelata uka oge inertia , ma melite maneuverability e ji mara. Ibelata nso nke mgbanwe nke center mpo mgbe mmanụ ụgbọala burnup, dị iche iche embodiments nke loading na-enye ukwuu kwụsie ike na mma njikwa.
4. Ndọtị fuselage ike na sekit na sekit na nkeji mmasị thereto. Na nke a ga-sturdy gwara, na guzozie nnyefe ibu nke ike òtù nke nku, ọdịda gia, empennage nkeji na ụlọ.
5. Inye m / O mma nke ndi oru ugbo, njem, berthing, loading / ebutu nke ngwaahịa, akụrụngwa, ihe zubere maka njem.
6. Inye adaba obibia dị iche iche nkeji. Nke a dị mkpa bụ n'ihi na nnyocha ma mmezi.

Maka ndi oru ugbo na njem nke dị mkpa na ọnọdụ a ga-kere, dị ka nke ọma dị ka a kwesịrị ekwesị larịị nke nkasi obi n'oge ụgbọ elu na elu karị. Iwu bụ iji hụ na ụda na okpomọkụ mkpuchi nke cabins, ọ bụ nchebe na ngwa ngwa ụzọ ọpụpụ ihe mberede si ụlọ. Na ndi oru ugbo na-ala na ọnọdụ a ga-kere. Karịsịa, a mma nnyocha nke ụgbọelu ga-nyere, ala nke ụgbọ elu na ugbo elu management.