Ndị siri agbachitere Odessa (1941)

N'oge na-adịghị mmadu ga-usọrọ seventieth ncheta nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. Karịsịa ịrịba bụ ụbọchị maka ndị mmadụ, nke bụbu Soviet Union, onye nne na nna ochie na n'ihu na na azụ mere ihe niile ngwa ngwa ụbọchị nke Great Victory. Ekwela ichicha mmadụ ebe nchekwa eziokwu banyere ọdachi na emewo ka ndi mmadu fasizim, banyere heroism nke dike na-azọpụta ụwa si "aja aja otiti". Dị ka ihe atụ, ọ dịghị mgbe a ga-echefu agbachitere Odessa (1941). Ọ wee n'ime akwụkwọ nke agha akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka otu n'ime ndị kasị ihe ịga nke ọma ụdị nke ndị dị otú ahụ arụmọrụ.

The agbachitere Odessa n'afọ mbụ nke Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya: mmalite

Dị ka a maara, ndị Soviet Union na mberede okodomo mba June 22, 1941 Nazi unit nke afọ, ma mgbe naanị ụbọchị atọ, tinyere ndị ọzọ, na ọnụego nke Southern Front e guzobere. Against ya n'ókèala ndinyanade mbịne n'elu asaa na narị kilomita site n'obodo Odessa ka Lipkany agha Romanian agha. N'agbanyeghị ịga nke ọma nke Southern Front nke edinam bịara dị mkpa ichighaazu nke ya akụkụ ndị East ke akpa ọnwa abụọ nke agha. The eziokwu na ndị agbata obi anyị n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ-na ọnọdụ ahụ abụghị ụzọ kasị mma, na nwere ezi ohere iji nweta n'ime gburugburu ebe obibi. The ise nke August ọgụ malitere iji ebe ugbua na mpụga Odessa, na mgbe a izu nke agha na-echebe obodo, e kpamkpam ebipụ isi agha nke Southern Front, dị ka Romanian-German agha na-enwe ike nweta gburugburu obodo si n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, ma na-na ọ na encirclement.

Parts abuana ke agha na ma na-ebu agha n'akụkụ

Mgbe obodo ahụ kpam kpam gburugburu nkeji nke Romanian Army na Wehrmacht, e nwere akụkụ nke Independent Ala gbara osimiri okirikiri Army, nyere n'iwu site Lieutenant General Georgiy Pavlovich Safronov, ndị agha nke Black Sea Fleet na Odessa Naval Base, nakwa dị ka agha, esịnede onwe ha ụmụ amaala. Na ngụkọta ịgbachitere ike ná mmalite nke August 1941 dịrị 34.5 puku ndị mmadụ, ma na njedebe nke September - banyere 86 puku ndị agha na ndị agha. N'ihe gbasara nọmba nke Romanian Army, nke e nyere n'iwu site Nikolae Chuperka, na ya mejupụtara nime nnọchigide-n'agha nke Odessa wee akụkụ 340 000 agha.

Odessa nọchibidoro

August itoolu ikele e kpebiri iji hazie agbachitere ebe (SPA) n'okpuru iwu nke N'azụ Admiral Gavriila Vasilevicha Zhukova, nke gụnyere ndị na-esonụ ebe:

• Fontanka.
• Ya okpu.
• Kovalenko.
• Otradovki.
• Pervomaisk.
• Belyaevka.
• Ụlọ nduzi ụgbọ mmiri.
• Carolino Bugaz.

Ozugbo e mechara, a malitere ịrụ ọrụ na-ewu nke e wusiri ike, nakwa dị ka e guzobere militias si n'etiti ụmụ amaala nke Odessa, nke e nyere ndị agha ngwá agha. Ke adianade do, na njedebe nke August na-enyere ndị na-agbachitere nke Odessa Black Sea Fleet iwu ka ekenyela 2,4 puku ndị mmadụ, na on September 15 n'obodo Novorossiysk a kpọfere 157th bipu Division. Ọ bụ ekele dị otú ahụ ike nkwado manpower territorial agbachitere Odessa na bụghị e agbaji.

agbachitere nke obodo, bụghị naanị ẹkenịmde akara ibuso ndị iro, ma na-mụụrụ a usoro nke ihe ịga nke ọma na-akpasu iwe arụmọrụ. Karịsịa, ke n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ oru nke na-azara ọnụ ke ufọt ufọt September a tụbara na enweta ikuku na oké osimiri wakpo na wepụtara Grigorievsky obodo ntà Chabanka, Old and New Dofinovki. Firing e kwụsị n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke Odessa na mmiri ya, na ọnọdụ nke dum n'ihu akara na-budata Nọsi'ike.

ichighaazu

The agbachitere Odessa gbara October 16, 1941, na obodo ahu nyefeela site Romanian agha. Ihe kpatara ya bụ usoro echiche n'akpọ, nke na-ewere na ọnọdụ n'oge ahụ na Crimea direction, ọ ka mma ka a nyefe nke agha tọrọ atọ na obodo site na oké osimiri na Sevastopol.

Ke ofụri ofụri, na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke agha e nwere atụ ole na ole nke ihe ịga nke ọma ẹkụre arụmọrụ na ndọrọ ego nke ndị agha site akara nke na kọntaktị na onye iro ya na kacha nta weere na ịnọgide na-enwe ha ọgụ ike. Otu n'ime ndị a bụ esi kpọpụ mmadụ nile nke akụkụ, rụrụ agbachitere Odessa, nke na-ahụ e dere na Soviet pịa, "wee si n'obodo, agaghị n'iku gị nsọpụrụ."

Arụ na tara

The agbachitere Odessa na Sevastopol eri Soviet agha, nke n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ na-eje ozi dị ka ndị nnọchianya nke ndị niile bi Soviet Union, gụnyere Ukrainians, ọtụtụ puku mmadụ. E nwere ọtụtụ ndị a tara n'etiti ndi nkiti bi. Karịsịa, ozugbo agbachitere Odessa e filmed (1941), uka gburu ndị rụrụ n'ebe ahụ. Karịsịa oké njọ bụ ọnwụ nke ndị Juu ole na ole na mmekọrita nke Romanian arụ agha rụrụ a iwu nke ngụkọta mbibi. Ọzọkwa, n'obodo a kpọtaara mkpọrọ nke agha, nke, ya na Soviet ọrụ na ndị na-enweghị ike igosi na aka ya dị ọcha na "usụhọde agbụrụ", mbụ ẹkenịmde ke njide na mbụ gunpowder ụlọ ahịa, na mgbe gbara ma ọ bụ ọkụ ná ndụ, na-enwe wụsara mmanụ ụgbọala ụlọ.

ntọhapụ

Ịchụpụ nke mwakpo si Odessa malitere April 9, 1944 dị ka akụkụ nke a agha ọrụ rụrụ site na atọ Ukrainian Front, nyere n'iwu site Army General Rodion Yakovlevich Malinovsky. N'echi ya, nke ụtụtụ, obodo ahụ kpamkpam n'okpuru akara nke Red Army, nke nọgidere na-aga nke ọma na-akpasu iwe na ntụziaka nke Dniester.

The nrite "N'ihi na Defense nke Odessa": onye na-kenyere

The award e guzobere December 1942. Ọ na-e bu n'obi na-asọpụrụ ndị agha na ndị nkịtị, bụ ndị jirila a kpọmkwem akụkụ na-agbachitere nke Odessa n'oge si 5 August 16 October 1941. Ọ na-emekarị na-eyi na-ekpe ara, nri nke a nrite "N'ihi na Defense nke Moscow", ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụla.

Ọ anya dị ka a nrite

Nke a award mere si igwe anaghị agba nchara ma ọ bụ ọla dị ka a gburugburu na a dayameta nke 3.2 sentimita. The obverse egosi a Red Army na Red Navy ọgụgụ na ogwe aka na aka-ha megide ndabere nke oké osimiri nke na-anọchi ísìsì ụlọ elu. Kpọmkwem n'elu e dere "USSR", na ọbụna elu na nsọtụ nke gburugburu e dere mere ka akwụkwọ ozi na okwu a "N'ihi na Defense nke Odessa", kwubiri n'etiti abụọ obere kpakpando. The ala nke obverse na-mma na a laurel wreath, nwere njikọ chiri anya na mpe mpe akwa. Ma agbara, na o mere ka omenala labelụ maka Soviet enọ n'oge Akwa Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya - "N'ihi na anyị na Soviet motherland", na n'elu ya na-kanyere hama na mma owuwe ihe ubi. Nrite "N'ihi na agbachitere Odessa" via mgbanaka na taabụ na-mmasị ka elongate warara n'ụdị a Pentagon, kpuchie silk abụọ-agba nkeewa akara rịbọn (atọ acha anụnụ anụnụ na abụọ green n'ọnyá nke hà n'obosara). Dị ka 1985, a award e gosiri puku iri atọ na agha nke Red Army agha nke Navy na NKVD agha na ndị nkịtị.

ncheta

Ndị siri agbachitere Odessa, we rida na akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka onye nke na-egbuke egbuke ihe atụ nke ịhụ mba n'anya nke Soviet ndị mmadụ. Na ebe nchekwa nke ndị ndụ ha n'àjà chebe obodo si-acha anụnụ anụnụ oké osimiri, na 1975 n'ebe na mmalite nke World War II biri ọnọdụ nke 411th ala gbara osimiri okirikiri batrị, a ncheta e kpughere. The mgbagwoju bụ ihe ngosi nke na ngwá agha, a sculptural mejupụtara n'ụdị a na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke a nwaanyị eru újú ndị ahụ nke nwụrụ anwụ, dị ka nke ọma dị ka stele "Katyusha". Ke adianade do, chọọchị na-wuru na ókèala ndị ncheta Georgiya Pobedonostsa.

Ọzọ oke Ọdịdị iji na-eje ozi dị ka a ebighi-ebi ncheta nke heroism nke dike nke na ndị dike agbachitere Odessa ẹkenịmde maka afọ mbụ nke Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya - a "belt nke Maara Aha", nke a 11 ncheta. Ha na-wuru na ebe e nwere ndị kasị di ọku ọgụ. Kwa afọ na April, ẹkenịmde ke Odessa na hiking marathon ịgba ígwè agbụrụ tinyere "belt nke Maara Aha", timed ka ụbọchị ncheta nke ntọhapụ site na Nazi mwakpo.

Ugbu a, na ị maara otú e kere agbachitere Odessa, nke akụkụ emeela akụkụ na ya, na ihe ndị si na ya pụta.