Njikọ nke anọ na. anọ na nsogbu

Otutu oru iji oge a na superconductors n'ọdịnihu dị nso ga-ekwe ka na-ebu na-achịkwa ite anọ na - ya mere na-ekwu na ụfọdụ olileanya. Otú ọ dị, ndị ọkachamara na-ekwu na ndị bara ngwa ga-ọtụtụ iri afọ.

Gịnị mere o ji esi ike?

Fusion ike a na-ewere dị ka a nwere isi iyi nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu ike. Ọ bụ dị ọcha ike nke atọm. Ma ihe ọ bụ na ihe mere na ọ bụ nke siri ike iji nweta? Iji na-amalite ịghọta iche n'etiti classic nkewa nke ntọala na nuclear anọ na.

Nkewa nke atọm bụ na redioaktivu isotopes - uranium ma ọ bụ plutonium - na-agbajikwa ala na ghọrọ ka ndị ọzọ ukwuu redioaktivu isotopes, nke ga-ahụ ga-ewekarị nke ma ọ bụ recycled.

Ite mmeghachi omume nke njikọ dabeere n'eziokwu na abụọ isotopes nke hydrogen - deuterium na tritium - jikota n'ime otu unit, akpụ naanị ndị na-abụghị na-egbu egbu helium na neutrons enweghị amị redioaktivu n'efu.

akara nsogbu

The mmeghachi omume na-erukwa na anyanwụ ma ọ bụ na hydrogen bọmbụ - a njikọ nke na-anọ na, na injinia a na-akụda ozi - ịchịkwa usoro a na a ike osisi?

Ọ bụ na nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-arụ ọrụ ebe ọ bụ na 1960. Ọzọ ibuo chernobyl ite anọ na-akpọ Wendelstein 7-X na oru ke edere edere German obodo nke Greifswald. Ma ọ na-adịghị bu n'obi kee a mmeghachi omume - ọ bụ dị nnọọ a pụrụ iche imewe na a na-anwale (kama stellarator tokamak).

elu-ike plasma

All ite nrụnye bụ a ananu - a na-ekoghị ụdị. Ọ dabeere na echiche nke iji ike electromagnets maka amị a ike akpa ubi na-enwe a torus udi - inflated igwe n'ime tube.

Nke a akpa ubi kwesịrị ịbụ otú oké na, mgbe ọ na-ewe iwe na a ngwa ndakwa nri oven ka a nde degrees centigrade, na plasma kwesịrị egosi na etiti nke ogige ahụ. Ọ mgbe amụnyewo na anọ na ike ịmalite.

ngosipụta nke

Na Europe, ugbu a mụụrụ abụọ yiri nwere. Otu n'ime ha bụ Wendelstein 7-X, nke na-adịbeghị anya site na ya mbụ helium plasma. Ọzọ - ITER - bụ nnukwu ibuo echichi anọ na na Ndida nke France, nke ka na-ewu na ga-adị njikere maka igba egbe na 2023.

Ọ na-atụ anya na ITER ga-ata nuclear Jeremaya mere, na ọ bụ nanị maka a obere oge na-agaghịkwa karịa 60 nkeji. Nke a chernobyl bụ nnọọ otu n'ime ọtụtụ nzọụkwụ na ụzọ hụ na, na omume, na-ebu anọ na.

Fusion chernobyl: nta na ndị ọzọ dị ike

Na nso nso, ọtụtụ ndị na-emepụta nwere mara ọkwa na e kere eke nke a ọhụrụ chernobyl imewe. Dị ka otu ìgwè nke ụmụ akwụkwọ si Massachusetts Institute of Technology, nakwa dị ka ndị nnọchiteanya nke ụlọ ọrụ - emeputa nke "Lockheed Martin" ngwá agha, nuclear anọ na nwere ike rụrụ na ụlọ ọrụ nke na-nnọọ ike na nta karịa ITER, na ha dị njikere ime nke a n'ihi na afọ iri.

The echiche nke ọhụrụ imewe bụ iji electromagnets nke oge a elu-okpomọkụ superconductors, nke igosipụta ha Njirimara mgbe mma na mmiri mmiri nitrogen kama na mbụ, na-achọ mmiri mmiri helium. New, ọzọ mgbanwe technology ga-kpamkpam ịgbanwe imewe nke chernobyl.

Klaus Sherebaya maka nuclear anọ na technology na nkà na ụzụ Institute of Karlsruhe n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Germany, bụ obi abụọ. Ọ na-akwado ojiji nke ọhụrụ elu-okpomọkụ superconductors maka ọhụrụ chernobyl aghụghọ. Ma, ọ si, ịzụlite ihe na kọmputa, na-ewere n'ime akaụntụ iwu nke physics bụ ezughị. Ọ dị mkpa na-echebara ihe ịma aka ndị na-ebilite na-asụgharị echiche eme.

sayensị akụkọ ifo

Dị ka Sherebaya, nlereanya MIT ụmụ akwụkwọ na-egosi na-ekwe omume nke oru ngo. Ma n'ezie na e nwere ọtụtụ nke sayensị akụkọ ifo. The oru ngo na-eburu na oké njọ ọrụaka nsogbu na-edozi anọ na. Ma sayensị ọgbara ọhụrụ na-enweghị echiche banyere otú idozi ha.

One dị otú ahụ nsogbu bụ echiche nke demountable coils. Iji nweta n'ime mgbanaka, Ịhapụ ndị plasma na MIT-nlereanya imewe electromagnets nwere ike disassembled.

Ọ ga-abụ nnọọ uru, n'ihi na ọ ga-ekwe omume nwere ohere na akpọkwa ke esịtidem usoro na dochie ha. Ma n'ezie superconductors mere nke seramiiki ihe onwunwe. Ọtụtụ narị ha nwere na-nwere njikọ chiri anya ọkaibe ụzọ, na-etolite ezi ndọta. Na e nwere ihe isi nsogbu: njikọ dị n'etiti ha abụghị ka dị mfe dị ka ọla kọpa cable njikọ. Ọ dịghị onye ọbụna chere banyere echiche ga-enyere dozie nsogbu ndị a.

oke ọkụ

Okpomọkụ bụkwa a nsogbu. The anọ na plasma isi okpomọkụ esịmde gburugburu nde 150 degrees centigrade. Nke a oké okpomọkụ na-anọgide na n'ebe - ziri ezi center nke ionized gas. Ma ọbụna gburugburu ọ bụ ka ukwuu na-ekpo ọkụ - si 500 na 700 degrees na chernobyl isi, na n'ime oyi akwa ịbụ a metal anwụrụ, nke a ga-"na-egwuri azụ" Tritium mkpa maka nuclear anọ na mere.

ITER bụ ọbụna ibu nsogbu - na-akpọ nke nke ike. Nke a na akụkụ nke usoro, nke na-ọnọ si njikọ usoro eji mmanụ ụgbọala, ukwuu n'ime helium. The mbụ metal akụrụngwa, nke na-ekpo ọkụ gas dara, na-akpọ "divertor". Ọ nwere ike na-ewe iwe n'elu 2000 Celsius C.

divertor nsogbu

Iji osisi nwere ike idi ndị dị otú ahụ okpomọkụ, injinia na-agbalị iji a metal tungsten, na-eji na ochie incandescent bulbs. tungsten agbaze okpomọkụ nke banyere 3000 degrees. Ma e nwere ndị ọzọ na-agaghị emeli.

The ITER ọ ga-mere, n'ihi na kpo oku ya anaghị eme eme mgbe niile. Ọ na-chere na chernobyl ga na-arụ ọrụ naanị 1-3% nke oge. Ma nke a abụghị otu nhọrọ maka ike osisi, nke kwesịrị na-arụ ọrụ na a 24/7 ndabere. Ma, ọ bụrụ na mmadụ na-ekwu na-enwe ike iru a nta chernobyl na otu ike dị ka ITER, anyị pụrụ iji obi ike na-ekwu na ọ dịghị agbanwe agbanwe divertor nsogbu.

The ike osisi ole na ole ọtụtụ iri afọ

Otú ọ dị, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị bụ nwee nchekwube banyere mmepe nke anọ na ngwa agha, Otú ọ dị, ọ ga-abụ dị ka ngwa ngwa dị ka ụfọdụ na-ekwu enthusiasts.

ITER bụ igosi na-achịkwa ite anọ na pụrụ n'ezie na-emepụta ike karịrị ike na-nọrọ na kpo oku nke plasma. Nzọụkwụ na-esonụ bụ ndị na-ewu a kpam kpam ọhụrụ ngwakọ ngosipụta osisi, nke ga-n'ịwa na ọkụ eletrik.

Engineers na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a na ya imewe. Ha ga mkpa ịmụta ihe nke ITER, nke na ndokwa maka igba egbe na 2023 Inweta n'ime akaụntụ oge a chọrọ maka imewe, atụmatụ na-ewu, ọ yighị ka mbụ anọ na ike ojii ga-malitere ọtụtụ mbụ karịa n'etiti XXI narị afọ.

Rossi na oyi na-atụ anọ na

Na 2014, ndị ụlọrụ nọọrọ onwe ule chernobyl E-Cat kwubiri na ngwaọrụ 32 ụbọchị na-emepụta ihe nkezi mmepụta ike nke 2800 W na a iwesa 900 watts. Nke a bụ karịa nwee ike ịchọpụta ọ bụla chemical mmeghachi omume. N'ihi na-atụ aro ma a itunanya ke nuclear anọ na ọ bụ ihe chara wayo. Akụkọ edikpu-arụ eziokwu ụka na-enwe obi abụọ ma ule bụ n'ezie onwe ya ma na-atụ aro a ga-ekwe omume falsification nke ule results. Ndị ọzọ na-eme elucidation nke "ihe nzuzo Efrata" na-ekwe ka ndị anọ na Rossi mụta nwa a technology.

Rossi - a crook?

Andrea impozanten. Ọ ebipụta a mkpọsa na ụwa na pụrụ iche English na ihe ngalaba nke ha website, pretentiously akpọ "Journal of Nuclear Physics". Ma ya gara aga nke ọma mgbalị gụnyere ndị Italian n'efu akakabarede oru ngo na mmanụ a na-a thermoelectric generator. Petroldragon, ahihia oru ngo na ike isi iyi, nke na-emezughị obere n'ihi na iwu na-akwadoghị dumping nke n'efu na-achịkwa Italian haziri mpụ, nke meghere a ohi ahụ megide ya maka imebi mkpofu ụkpụrụ. Ọ na-kere a thermoelectric ngwaọrụ maka agha nke Engineers US Army, ma mgbe anwale gadget emepụta nanị akụkụ nke kwuru ikike.

Ọtụtụ na-adịghị atụkwasị obi Russia, na ndi-isi-nchịkọta akụkọ nke New Energy Times dị nnọọ na-akpọ ya a mpụ, n'azụ nke a usoro nke na-emezughị ike searchlights.

nọọrọ onwe ha nkwenye

Rossi bịanyere aka a nkwekọrịta na American ụlọ ọrụ Industrial Okpomọkụ kụziere kwa afọ ule nke nkewa 1-megawatt echichi nke oyi anọ na. The ngwa bụ a mbupu akpa, juru n'ọnụ ke iri puku kwuru iri E-Cat. The nnwale nwere na-ekwu site a ọzọ, nke ga-enwe ike iji gosi na bụ eziokwu ahụ nke okpomọkụ ọgbọ. Rossi na-ekwu na ọ nọrọ ọtụtụ afọ gara aga, ọ fọrọ nke nta bi a akpa, na-ele arụmọrụ n'ihi na ihe karịrị 16 awa ụbọchị iji gosi na azụmahịa viability nke E-Cat.

The ule biri na March. Na-akwado nke Rossi na-atụ anya na-ekiri ekiri akụkọ, na-enwe olileanya ziri ezi ya dike. Ma n'ikpeazụ ha natara a ikpe.

ikpe

Na okwu ya n'ụlọikpe nke Florida Rossi na-azọrọ na ule nke ọma na onwe ha kpeziere enen na E-Cat chernobyl arụpụta ugboro isii ọzọ ume karịa ka ọ na-erepịakwa. Ọ na-ekwu na ụlọ ọrụ Industrial Okpomọkụ kwetara-akwụ ya $ 100 nde - 11.5 nde tupu mgbe a 24-hour ule (kwuru maka ikikere ikike ka ụlọ ọrụ nwere ike na-ere nke a technology na United States) na ọzọ 89 nde n'elu ọma ẹkụre ogologo ule n'ime 350 ụbọchị. Russia ebubo ih na-eduzi "wayo atụmatụ", nzube nke nke bụ na-ezu ohi nke ya nwere ọgụgụ isi ihe onwunwe. Ọ na-ebo ebubo na ụlọ ọrụ ndị eji nke chernobyl E-Cat, iwu na-akwadoghị Iṅomi nke otutu teknụzụ na ngwaahịa, atụmatụ, na owuwu na iwu na-akwadoghị iji nweta a patent na ya nwere ọgụgụ isi ihe onwunwe.

goldmine

N'ebe ọzọ Rossi rụrụ ụka na megide backdrop nke onye nke ya demonstrations ụlọ ọrụ ih natara site investors nke $ 50-60 nde na nde 200 si China mgbe egwu na-akpọ na Chinese isi a elu-larịị ọchịchị. Ọ bụrụ na nke a bụ eziokwu, na eto bụ ihe karịrị otu narị nde dollar. Industrial Okpomọkụ jụrụ ndị a na-ekwu dị ka ihe ndabere na-ezube ifịk ifịk chebe. Ọzọ ihe, ọ na-ekwu, na "n'ihi na ihe karịrị afọ atọ na-arụ ọrụ na nkwenye nke results, nke kwuru mere Rossi na ya E-Cat-technology, niile o nweghị isi."

Ih ekweghị na arụmọrụ nke E-Cat, na New Energy Times Magazine na-ahụ inwe obi abụọ a. Na June 2011 mbipụta nke nnọchiteanya ọ gara Italy, Rossi gbara ajụjụ ọnụ na filmed a ngosipụta nke ya E-Cat. Mgbe otu ụbọchị, ọ gwara banyere ya mkpa banyere otú ihe kwes ike nha. Mgbe 6 ụbọchị, odeakụkọ gwa ya video on YouTube. Ọkachamara si gburugburu ụwa zitere ya eneme, nke e bipụtara na July. Ọ bịara doo anya na ọ bụ a hoax.

ibuo nkwenye

O sina dị, a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke na-eme nnyocha - Aleksandru Parhomovu nke Russian Peoples 'Enyi University na ngo na ebe nchekwa Martina Fleyshmana (MFPM) - jisiri mụta nwa oyi anọ na Rossi. MFPM akụkọ a na-akpọ "The End nke carbon oge dị nso." Ihe kpatara nke ndị dị otú ahụ mmasị bụ na nchọpụta nke gamma-ray-achịkwaghị achịkwa, nke nwere ike ghara kọwara, ma e wezụga anọ na mmeghachi omume. Dị ka na-eme nnyocha, si Russia bụ kpọmkwem ihe ọ na-ekwu.

Viable Ntụziaka n'èzí oyi nuclear anọ na ike nwere ike ime ka "Gold Rush". ọzọ ụzọ nke ga-uzo patent nke Russia na-ahapụ ya na n'akụkụ nke a multibillion-dollar ike azụmahịa nwere ike ịchọta.

Ya mere, ma eleghị anya, Rossi ga họọrọ zere nke a nkwenye.