Nwetụ eletrik

Nwetụ eletriki ugbu a - ugbu a na a oge-mgbanwe direction na ike. Ndị okwukwo na ịdị iche iche naanị na size, na-akpọ pulsating. Na ụlọ ọrụ na-adị kwa ụbọchị ndụ na ọtụtụ mgbe eji nwetụ sinusoidal ugbu a.

N'ịtụgharị DC na AC electric nwere ike rụrụ dị ka ndị a. E debere na a edo static ndọta eriri igwe nke waya. Na edo adiana nke eriri igwe banyere axis nke magnetik agbanwe oge ga-nọgidere ịdị iche na ịdị ukwuu na ịdị direction. N'ihi ya, site n'iwu nke akpa itinye n'ọkwa, a eriri igwe a kpụrụ agbanwe na direction na ịdị ukwuu nke na electromotive ike (EMF). Ọ bụrụ na ndị dị otú ahụ a eriri igwe jikọọ mpụga circuit, mgbe ahụ, ọ na anyị na-enweta ihe nwetụ eletriki ugbu a.

Mgbe ụgbọelu nke n'usoro eriri igwe na-aghọ perpendicular na-akwanyere ndị ubi edoghi nke ndọta-agafe therethrough magnetik agbanwe oge - kasị (Φ = Φmax), ọsọ nke mgbanwe ya efu (ΔΦ / Δt = 0), dị ka na-agafe a ọnọdụ eduzi mgbanwe ileghara nke edoghi nke ike, na-enweghị-agafe ha. N'ihi ya, itinye n'ọkwa electromotive ike guzobere eriri igwe na-aghọ efu (E = 0).

Mgbe eriri igwe ụgbọelu bụ ihe yiri ka ndị e nke ndị agha, agbanwe agbanwe oge na-abami ya, bụ hà efu (Φ = 0), na ọnụego nke mgbanwe nke ya kacha nọ n'ọnọdụ a ((ΔΦ / Δt) max), ebe ọ bụ na eriri igwe na-eduzi na-akpụ akpụ perpendicular na edoghi nke ike.

Electromotive ike ịda na nke a na akaghị, nwere a kacha uru (E = Emax). Lebakwuru adiana nke asọfe ọsọ mgbanwe agbanwe oge na-abami onye eriri igwe ga-amụba; Ya mere, EMF na zuru uru ga-amụba site 0 ka Emax. N'ihi ya, larịị nke emf rata na n'usoro eriri igwe kwa mgbanwe agbanwe si ya -Emax ka + Emax.

Anyị na-emeghe eriri igwe waya itinye ya oscilloscope. Mgbe eriri igwe agbagharị na a ndọta, na oscilloscope ga-dee niile ugbu a mgbanwe, nke ga-ekpe ikpe, na mgbanwe nke electromotive ike na eriri igwe n'oge mgbanwe.

The ugbu a eme n'ime eriri igwe n'oge ya edo ọgwụgwọ na a edo ndọta, dị ka e gosiri site waveform dịgasị sinusoidally. Nke a ugbu a na-akpọ nwetụ sinusoidal.

The oge n'ihi na nke electromotive ike rụrụ otu oscillation, a na-akpọ oge nke AC.

Letter designation oscillation oge - T. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke oscillations kwa 1 abụọ - ugbu a ugboro, nke a na kpọrọ akwụkwọ ozi f. Ya unit nke ọtùtù - gafere hertz (Hz):

f = 1 / T, ma ọ bụ T = 1 / f.

Ọ bụrụ na uru nke EMF na ụfọdụ aka ike oge na-denoted site e (ya ozugbo uru), na kasị uru (Ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu) - site Emax, iwu na-egosi na nduzi bụ, site n'oge ruo n'oge, nwere ike owụt dị ka ndị na-esonụ okwu na ikpe nke a sinusoidal ugbu a:

e = Emax˖sin (2 / T) t.

Na ọtụtụ ná mba, ulo oru na residential were nwetụ eletrik na a ugboro ole nke 50 Hz, oge nke oge nke 0,02 abụọ.

Nkwadebe nke nwetụ eletriki ugbu a site n'ibu ume na rụrụ site pụrụ iche igwe, nke na-akpọ generators. Ụkpụrụ nke ọrụ ha - iwu nke akpa itinye n'ọkwa. Ndị kasị mfe oscillator circuit nwere ike na-anọchi anya dị ka a etiti n'usoro gburugburu axis na a ndọta nke ihe electromagnet ma ọ bụ na-adịgide adịgide magnet. Mgbe ị na-bugharia eku kpụrụ akpụ site na agbanwe electromotive ike na ya. Site na njikọ etiti mpụga circuit, anyị nweta ihe nwetụ eletriki ugbu a. An alternator enwe a magnetik usoro anyịnya na n'usoro coils wuru infrequently.

Fọrọ nke nta niile nke generator windings (arịlịka) atọrọ anyịnya na magnet usoro (inductor) na-agba gburugburu. Bụrụnụ ndị kwụ chịm nke generator a na-akpọ a stator, na ibughari - rotor.