Ogologo nke akwa gafee Kerch Strait bụ ka kpọmkwem mara. The akụkọ ihe mere eme, ugbu a nakwa n'ọdịnihu nke mmiri gafee Kerch Strait

Design nke mmiri na n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Taman Peninsula gafee Kerch Strait nweela ọkụ ozugbo reunification nke Crimea na Russia. Mgbe a ọhụrụ iga nkwụsị ga-etinye n'ime ọrụ, ọ ga na-jikọọ Krasnodar mpaghara na Crimea. Ozugbo o kwere omume na-ewepụta maka imewe na nnyocha e mere na-arụ ọrụ na ndị na-ewu ya. Ezie na ọ na-amaghị ihe ga-na ogologo nke akwa gafee Kerch Strait. Eleghị anya paseji 2 ugboro elu karịa size nke yiri ewu na 1944. Modern akwa ịgafe budata mee ngwangwa mmepe nke njem na mpaghara na ugbo.

The àkwà mmiri gafee Kerch Strait. oru ngo photos

Projects nke iga ịgafe ụlọ ọrụ na-ọnọde ọkachamara nke Ministry of Transport nke Russian Federation na ndị òtù interdepartmental ọrụ. Otu n'ime ihe ndị ọhụrụ iga akụrụngwa nke Crimea - a abụọ-larịị akwa gafee Kerch Strait - ga-achọkwa (n'okporo ụzọ na okporo ígwè). Nke a na mkpebi nke Ministry ọkachamara bịara mgbe amụ niile nhọrọ.

Designers kere 74 oru dị iche iche na-eri, na ogologo nke ohere ụzọ. N'etiti ha, e nwere nhọrọ maka owuwu nke ọwara si isi nke Tuzla na ezì. na ubi nke mmiri na-ewu ọkachamara na-ewere ihe niile nke ahụ, ohere, ma ọ kwuru na ọwara ga-abụ ihe dị oké ọnụ karịa a akwa, ọ ga-na-ewu ọzọ. The okwu nke ndị na-ewu a jikọtara akwa gafee mkpagide - 3.5 afọ. E nwere nhọrọ maka owuwu nke iga korido si n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri "Caucasus" na ndị ọzọ ihe. Photo nke onye nke oru ngo na-enye otu echiche nke abụọ-larịị Nchikota ụzọ na ụgbọ okporo ígwè e.

The kasị ekwe oru

Ọkachamara nke Ministry of Transport na Interdepartmental Commission nlezianya nyochaa niile oru ngo nke mmiri n'etiti Caucasus na Crimea. The kasị ekwe ghọtara 4 variants nke 74 si. Onye ọ bụla nwere a dị iche iche ogologo nke akwa gafee Kerch Strait:

1. "Northern" - ụzọ nke Cape na-ejegharị na m Obere n'akuku ka ogologo-ya nke 10.3 km ..
2. "Zhukovsky" - a àkwà mmiri agafe si Zhukovka ịgbụ ya ọnụ mmiri ezì, ogologo - 6.3 km.
3. "Yenikalsky" - a warara àkwà mmiri na itinye n'ọnọdụ nke Strait nke 5,7 km n'ogologo.
4. "Tuzla" - mgbanwe site na iga m AK-emebi ka Tuzla, ogologo -11,7. Km.

oru ngo na-eri

Ná mmalite, ndị Ministry of Transport nke Russian Federation ka a mara ọkwa na kacha nta ego nke 50 ijeri. Ruble mkpa maka owuwu nke a ụzọ mmiri n'etiti Taman na Kerch dịịrị banye na mmiri. Russian President Vladimir Putin kwuru ma gbakwụnye, ọrụ: ewu a nkịtị iga nkwụsị (n'okporo ụzọ na okporo ígwè).

The variants nke mgbakwunye na-etolite na akwa nke ọwara na ala Strait. Mkpokọta na-eri nke dum ụlọ ga-anụcha ruo mgbe ufọt ufọt n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ 2014, dị ka ogologo nke a àkwà mmiri gafee Kerch Strait. Site na oge ga-agwụ agwụ engineering na mmepe-arụ ọrụ, nke e ọma rụrụ na ebe nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu na-ewu.

Dị ka ọkachamara, na-ewu nke mmiri na-akwụ ụgwọ nwere ike gafere $ 300 ijeri. Rubles. Around 84 ijeri. Ruble nke ngụkọta ego a ga-nọrọ na preparatory ọrụ. Cost nke oru ngo na dum na-ewu na-abawanye dị ka ọmụmụ nke eke atụmatụ nke mkpagide, ya geological Ọdịdị na ebe na Kerch Peninsula nke ihe nke akụkọ ihe mere eme, omenala na nkà mmụta ihe ochie.

Bridge na Kerch Strait

The àkwà mmiri nke Tuzla ka m. AK-emebi họrọ Interministerial Commission, na-agụnye ndị na-ewu ụgbọ okporo ígwè na okporo ụzọ ya. abụọ okporo ígwè track na wuru anọ na-uzo okporo ụzọ ga-tọrọ. Next na kwụ n'ahịrị ụgbọ okporo ígwè na-aga n'okpuru ụgbọ ala, na-esote ya. iche iche ụzọ na okporo ígwè crossings ga-wuru na igbuasu isi. N'ihe banyere nke iga korido ewu ka "Tuzla" oru ngo ga-achọ nke kasị nso okporo ígwè na ụzọ ọnụ ụzọ (36 na 38 km karị). Njirimara version, nke na-agụnye ndị na-ewu a akwa orbit Tuzla gbụsara ọnụ mmiri, - ego na-ewu nke ohere ụzọ.

"Tuzla nhọrọ"

Tuzla na dam dị na ndịda nke mkpagide, na broadest nke ya lekwasịrị. Construction na akụkụ a nke ngo bụ nnọọ iche na ụzọ ejikọta ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri "Kavkaz" nọ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Chushka plait:

1. "Tuzla nhọrọ" na-enye ndị na-ewu nke ndị fọdụrụ n'ezinụlọ paseji. Dị ka oru ngo ogologo nke akwa gafee Kerch Strait ga-eru 11,7 kilomita.
2. ebe a ga-eji maka owuwu nke dum akụrụngwa, tinyere n'ụlọ nkwakọba na ndị ọzọ na ụlọ ọrụ.
3. Ọ ga-enwe ike iji chebe site na mmetụta nke nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ gwupụtatụrụla Sitia olili mounds na ndị ọzọ na-adọrọ mmasị na-eju eju dị n'ógbè ahụ.
4. Builders ga na-agbalị circumvent ndị ọhụrụ eke atụmatụ nke Kerch na Taman Peninsula - apịtị agbọpụta ọkụ.

Natural atụmatụ nke Kerch Strait

Na-ewu nke a iga korido ga-amalite mgbe ẹkụre geological, hydrological na ndị ọzọ ọmụmụ na mpaghara nke ewu nke mmiri. Tectonic ọnọdụ na-mgbagwoju anya, a kwesiri ngosi mmetụta na ilekota nwere akụ na ụba ọrụ. Zubere ọrụ ga-eme ka nsogbu ka igodo na azụ akụ nke Strait. The oru ngo na-emepụta na-agbalị na-atụle ihe ndị bụ isi eke e ji mara na ọnọdụ nke mmiri kewara ndị Taman na Crimea. Kerch Strait (totals):

• mbido - tectonic;
• Ogologo - 45 km;
• obosara - si 4.5 15 km;
• omimi - 5-15 m;
• n'ókè Kerch Peninsula - m AK-emebi ;.
• Krasnodar ihu ruo n'ókè - m Tuzla ;.
• Climate - agafeghị oke continental.

Kerch Strait - ochie iga korido

Kerch obodo tọrọ ntọala site na Grik bi n'etiti VI na narị afọ BC. e. Ebe a na-hụrụ mkpọmkpọ ebe nke obodo oge ochie Panticapaeum - isi obodo nke Bosporan Alaeze. Strait n'ókèala n'oge ochie a na-akpọ Cimmerian Bosporus na myirịta na Bosphorus n'agbata Oké Osimiri Ojii na Oké Osimiri Aegean (Oké Osimiri Mediterenian). Western mkpagide akụkụ washes Kerchensky Crimea peninshula (Tavridy). N'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ bụ Taman Peninsula. Na gburugburu Kerch hụrụ Sitia olili mounds, oge ochie niile, wusiri ike na ndị ọzọ na ncheta nke akụkọ ihe mere eme na omenala.

The nkwurịta okwu n'etiti ndị dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nakwa n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ n'ókè-ala-adị n'oge ochie. Cimmerians ike chụkwute ha na ìgwè ehi Wade site na-emighị emi mmiri, ejikọta Osimiri Azov na Black Sea. The obosara nke Kerch Strait na-enye ohere ahịa na-akụ azụ na ụgbọ mmiri na-agafe. Kerch obodo gụnyere ke UNESCO nketa ndepụta dị ka ókèala nke Great Silk Road. Kerch ọwa bụ akụkụ nke ụzọ ahụ, na-akpọ "Varangians ndị Grik". Mgbe ala na-hụrụ obere submerged Gris oge ochie obodo, iberibe warships nke Ottoman Alaeze Ukwu.

History nke mmiri (1903-1953)

Ná mmalite nke iri abụọ na narị afọ, ndị British ọchịchị na-eme atụmatụ na-ewu a ụgbọ okporo ígwè na-aga site na England na Crimea, a akwa gafee Kerch Strait, imeghe ụzọ Caucasus na India. On mmejuputa oru ngo na-enweghị ego. Emperor Nicholas II nwekwara rọrọ na 1903 na Russian ala ga-ewu a àkwà mmiri gafee Kerch Strait n'etiti Kerch na Taman, kama, mmejuputa iwu nke atụmatụ etre site agha nke 1914. N'oge Akwa Ịhụ Mba n'Anya War, na North-Kọkeshịan mpaghara na Crimea ndị idaha kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ n'etiti Germany na USSR. German agha wuru a pontoon akwa gafee Kerch Strait, ma Onye Ndú choro iji wuo a 5-kilometa adịgide adịgide opupu ihe ubi nke 1943.

Echiche nke a akwa site German-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Alberta Shpeera Nazi occupiers enweghị oge iji mejuputa. Mgbe Ịchụpụ nke ndị Nazi si Taman na Crimea Soviet injinia gbakee German oru ngo, na-ewu ụlọ na-eji metal owuwu na akụrụngwa hapụrụ ndị Nazi. Ná ngwụsị nke April 1944, anyị malitere wụnye ikpo, na n'oge November nke Caucasus kwupụta n'otu afọ gara akụkụ mbụ nke "Crimea" ojii. Na February 1945 mmiri osụhọ n'okpuru mgbali nke ice nkanka na ifufe na ebili mmiri na-chụpụrụ si n'Oké Osimiri Azov. Na 1953 ọ malitere na-arụ ọrụ ugbo, na-ejikọ ndị Taman na Kerch.

Akụkwa Projects Bridge

Mgbe ida nke USSR, Russia na Ukraine ugboro ugboro welitere ihe iseokwu nke ndị ụgbọ n'Osimiri Kerch Strait. Ebe ọ bụ na 1991 na ọ e mepụtara banyere 20 oru ke nneme nke e gara site na oche nke Ukraine na Russia. Na 2004, ferries na-eje ozi na-aga na e dochie, na mkparita uka banyere n'ime a protracted na-adọ. Na-arụ ọrụ na oru ngo di ndu na 2010, mgbe Ukraine bụ mgbanwe nke ọchịchị. Na otu nke n'ihu e kwupụtara na-ewu kwa: ogologo nke akwa - 4.2-4.5 km, ego - 24 ijeri rubles .. Iji Euro-2012 iga Itie bụ ijikọ Caucasus na Crimea, ma ya na-ewu e yigharịrị ọzọ. The àkwà mmiri gafee Kerch Strait zubere kwem na Iv nke Sochi Olympics. Mgbe ahụ Interstate Commission kpebiri nke kasị nso "ugwu" version (site na m. Ejegharị na m. Small Kut). Oru ngo-a ekpe dịghị akwụkwọ.

Krasnodar region - Crimea

Mgbe na-eke ọhụrụ akwa ga-arụ ọrụ na ẹdude ịgafe nke Strait nke Kerch (n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri "Caucasus" - "Crimea" ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri). Season 2014-ekwe nkwa "-ekpo ọkụ." Na-esi na Crimea izu ike, ndị Russia na-ejegharị ejegharị ji ụgbọ okporo ígwè Krasnodar ma ọ bụ Anapa. -adịgide otú ụgbọ ala na mmiri n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri "Kavkaz", sochiri ugbo ruo n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri "Crimea" si isi obodo nke Kuban, ma ọ bụ Oké Osimiri Ojii n'ụsọ oké osimiri. Ọzọ variant nke nnyefe nke njem - by catamaran si Anapa ka Kerch n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri.

Kerch Bridge: A anya n'ime n'ọdịnihu

Dị ka ndị ọkachamara, idụhe mgbochi na ndị na-ewu a ọhụrụ iga nkwụsị. Russian ọkachamara na ubi nke geology na Hydrology mụụrụ ndị dị mkpa ọmụmụ na nha nke ụsọ oké osimiri nke Kerch Strait. Mmasị e nyere ụzọ nhọrọ, kpọrọ "Zhukovsky" na "Tuzla". Na-eleru ndị a oru ngo-gaa na akaụntụ ọtụtụ ihe, gụnyere ichebe ihe ncheta na bịara n'ikperé mmiri nke Strait. The àkwà mmiri ga-ejikọta abụọ ewu ezumike region mkpa nke development. The aku na uba nke dịịrị banye na mmiri nke Crimea na-enweta a mkpa mgbakwunye na iga akụrụngwa chọrọ maka mmepe nke mmepụta, ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, nkwukọrịta, njem na ugbo.