Louis-Nicolas Davout. The naanị Marshal nke Napoleon, bụ onye na-efu a otu agha

Lui Nikola Davu - onye nke kasị mma ọchịagha nke Napoleonic Wars. Bụ nanị Marshal nke Napoleon, efunahụghị a otu agha. Ka anyị lebakwuo anya na biography na rụzuru nke a ma ama ọchịagha.

Nwata na Education

N'ọdịnihu general A mụrụ Burgundy, May 10, 1770 n'ime a magburu onwe ezinụlọ. Lui Nikola a zụlitere na a agha akwụkwọ mmekota Brienne-le-Château. Ọ bụ na-akpali mara na afọ tupu ọ abatakwa otu ụlọ akwụkwọ ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Napoleon Bonaparte. Ịbụ ezi ndị ezinụlọ na omenala, na 1788 Davoust malitere ọrụ ke agha ndi agha, nke na mbụ jere ozi dị ka nna ya na nna nna.

The French mgbanwe

N'oge French mgbanwe, na-amalite agha, na-enweghị na-eche echiche ugboro abụọ, m kpebiri na m chebe ọnọdụ nke revolutionary ndị mmadụ. Ebe ọ bụ na ndị agha gbaa ọsọ ma ọ bụ chụrụ ọtụtụ na-akwado nke Bourbons, ọ pụtara a ukwuu nke ohere iputa posts. Ha were na-eto eto isi na mgbe ụfọdụ, ọbụna ndị nkịtị agha na-edu ndú instincts. Louis-Nicolas Davout bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ ọrụ nche jiri ha ịrị elu nke mgbanwe na-merie ndị Bourbons. Site 1794 na 1797 Davoust na n'usoro nke Brigadier general o agha n'ohu ahụ Army nke Rhine. Otú ọ dị, ugbu nrigo Olympus a ọchịagha nke Maara Aha Davoust malitere n'okpuru ọkọlọtọ nke Bonaparte.

Ijipt njem

Na oge site na 1798 ka 1801 na n'usoro nke Major General Davoust abuana ke Napoleon si Ijipt njem. Ọ natara iwu nke French agha. Na agha nke Aboukir, nke mere na June 25, 1799, a na-eto eto warlord karịsịa na-akwanyere ùgwù. N'ụbọchị ahụ, 7000th The French agha merie ndị 15 puku Turkish agha ọchịagha site na aha Mustafa Pasha. Ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ndị iro agha dara na n'ọgbọ agha, na ndị ọzọ, tinyere Mustafa Pasha, akayak. A obere idobere agha, onye-isi bu Lui Davu, mere nnukwu onyinye a mmeri. Ọtụtụ ndị ọkọ akụkọ na-achọ kwere na a na-agha, Bonaparte atụle a dike nke mkparịta ụka anyị, obi ike ọchịagha.

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na onye Ijipt njem e kpuwere ya zuru ọdịda maka France, ọ meghere a ọtụtụ ndị ọhụrụ na aha, nke na-eme n'ọdịnihu na mkpọrọgwụ agha ebube nke Napoleon. General Lui Davu n'oge a agha nọ nso Bonaparte si entourage, bụ obi ike kwagara n'ebe n'elu nke ọchịchị.

n'usoro nke Marshal

Ozugbo Ijipt njem Dawa ọma duru ndi agha nke Italian agha Bonaparte, onye agha na Austrians. Na 1804, ndị dike nke Ijipt njem na Emperor nke Italian ụlọ ọrụ e ọdịda n'usoro nke Marshal nke France na Napoleon ndụmọdụ ọnọdụ.

The mbụ Mmeri ke iwu nke agha

Na oge site na 1805 ka 1814 edu Marshal Davoust agha. Na 1805, otu ya gosiri onwe ha nke ọma na Ulm, ebe eze ukwu ahụ agha merie ndị Austrian agha. Baron von Mack Layberih - Chief nke Austrians, tinyere a 30-puku ndị agha a manyere atọgbọ onye iro, n'ihi na nke a makwara ya ikpe 20 mkpọrọ afọ site a Òtù ikpe ndị agha.

October 9, 1805 àkụ Davoust ọma gafere Danube, echere anyị Gunzburg na-agafe ebe ahụ. Austrians na-ekpechite ọnụ ndị Danube obodo, nwere agbahapụ mgbe oké ọgụ.

Marshal Davout bụ otu n'ime ndị nọ n'ọrụ ndị na-agha na ndị agha Bonaparte Vienna. On November 8, isi nke ozu ya nso n'obodo Mariazell, o meriri n'agha megide Austrian agha, edu General von Meerfeldom. Na nke a agha, na French jisiri ike were 4000 mkpọrọ. The mmeri bụ akọwapụta omume na Vienna akara aka.

Agha nke Austerlitz

December 2, 1805 na Austerlitz agha wee ebe, we rida na akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka "Agha nke atọ eze ukwu". N'ụbọchị ahụ, ndị French agha merie a mmeri sitere Russian-Austrian agha. Austerlitz mmeri bụ njedebe maka mgbochi French mmekota, na maka Holy Alaeze Ukwu Rom. Franz II - eze ukwu ikpeazụ nke Alaeze Ukwu Rom, kwubiri na Napoleon udo bụ nnọọ a Roman Emperor Francis mbụ. The akụkọ ihe mere eme ida nke ugboro dike alaeze keere òkè dị mkpa, na French ọchịagha Davoust.

The yen-Auershtedtskoe agha

Na 1806, a ọchịagha biography Davoust replenished na ọhụrụ mmeri. The yen-Auershtedtskom agha weere ọnọdụ n'etiti Napoleon na Prussian agha na October 14, Marshal bụ otu n'ime ndị isi na-eme ihe nkiri. The agha e kewara abụọ n'ụzọ. Nke mbụ weere ọnọdụ na Auerstadt, na nke abụọ - na Jena. Ndị agha Marshal Lui Davu gbatara na mbụ ogbo.

Marshal e nyere iwu nke mbụ nku nke alaeze ukwu agha. N'okpuru iwu ya isi, e nwere 26 puku ndị ikom 44 egbe. Davoust mere megide ekpe ka iyi tojubigara ókè nke Prussian agha edu Duke nke Brunswick, nke na-agụnye 54 000 agha na 230 egbe. Otu mmekọrịta nke agha zuru ezu iji unambiguously amata ike nke ndị ọzọ. O sina dị, na ihe ndị kasị oké agha Davoust nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị na-emeri onye iro agha, kamakwa iji na-egbu ya onye ndú.

Na agha nke Jena, na French agha Napoleon onwe jisiri. Ọ kpamkpam meriri ndị agha ọchịagha nke Prussian Prince Hohenlohe. Otú ọ dị, nke a agha nke itule ike ọ fọrọ nke nta hà. Na ngụkọta, na yen-Auershtedtskoy n'ọgbọ agha, onye French agha efu 11 puku ndị mmadụ, nke 7 nke ha na Auershtedtskoe agha.

oké ozu aha

Ọzọkwa na 1806 Louis-Nicolas Davout manyere na ihu na-Russian agha. December 24 ozu ya, tinyere Napoleon agha gafee osimiri steepening, na n'abalị n'okpuru Czarnowo wakporo 15000th Russian agha. Na nke a agha, na French furu efu banyere ọkara ka ukwuu Russian.

Amamiihe mmeri na Auerstadt Davoust nwere ike hụrụ, na Napoleon okpono general, ọ bụghị naanị na iji kamakwa asọpụrụ aha nke Duke Auershtedtskogo. Ọ bụ uru na-arịba ama na Napoleon Bonaparte, ịbụ a nwa afọ nke a ogbenye Corsican-Italian magburu ezinụlọ, ghọrọ eze ukwu nke France, mmesapụ aka na onyere utu aha nke-eso ụzọ ya, si otú na-agbalị ike ọhụrụ J.Randall na steeti.

Agha nke Ekmyule

April 22, 1809 Napoleon agha ọzọ na Austrian agha, onye iwu e nyere na Archduke Charles. Austrians jisiri ike were na elu Ekmyulem n'okpuru kasị mma ọnọdụ. Napoleon zigara oké ifufe iro ọnọdụ ha kacha mma ahụ, gụnyere ozu Marshal Davoust. Naanị mgbe a di ọku ibu agha, ọ bụghị otu ugboro ikwu n'ụzọ na melee, na French jisiri achụpụlighị onye iro si dị elu. Site n'uhuruchi, ndị Archduke Charles were-agha-ya Regensburg. Ya weere na Agha nke Ekmyule dịrị 11 puku ndị mmadụ 76 puku ndị agha. The mmeri n'ọgụ a, Napoleon meghere magburu onwe atụmanya - Austrian agha razchlenilas ụzọ abụọ. The ọchịagha, onye na-egwuri a dị oké mkpa ọrụ na mmeri a, na ụgwọ n'ụba. Ya mere, Louis-Nicolas Davout natara a dukedom, ma ka onye-isi - Prince ghọrọ Ekmyulskim.

The Battle nke Wagram

Na 1809 Davout ọzọ nwere ohere izute na agha na-Archduke Charles. N'oge nke a agha lụrụ na Wagram. N'abalị tupu agha, Napoleon agha gafee n'àgwàetiti Lobau gafere ọgaranya nke Danube. The Austrian agha, nwere ihe karịrị narị puku ndị agha na 452 egbe, ọ gara Vahram na gbanyesiri mkpọrọgwụ n'ebe ahụ. Na mgbede na July 5 Eze Ukwu nyere iwu agha ya nke Italy, nke enhances Saxon agha, ọgụ onye iro. N'ihi njehie Ịtali bụ onye na-Saxon n'ihi na onye iro, ka a ga-kagbuo.

The isi mere ndị na-esonụ ụbọchị, mgbe Napoleon hazigharịrị agha ya, nke nwere a space kara n'elu iro ọhụrụ na iji nke agha. Davout na Oudinot na-arụ ọrụ ọnụ megide ekpe nku nke onye iro ọnọdụ. The Austrians wakpoo massively si n'akụkụ nke a nke French, ma ịga nke ọma ha na-adịghị ẹdi. Ma, n'okpuru mwakpo nke ndị iro center na ekpe ka iyi tojubigara ókè nke French agha nwere ịdọrọ na ichighaazu. Izipu agha ka akụkụ bụ isi nke mkwado n'ụdị nke Italian agha nke Macdonald, Anam Udeme azụ ogbunigwe, Eze Ukwu bụ ike ịzọpụta ọnọdụ. Ike ogbunigwe ọkụ kwụsịrị ndị onslaught nke Austrians. Louis-Nicolas Davout ugbu a na-enweghị reinforcements na, na-eti ekpe ka iyi tojubigara ókè nke onye iro agha, were mma nke ya. Marshal jisiri n'ime n'azụ nke Austrian agha na dismember ya banyere Vesedele. Ụlọ ya otu Vahram Uda meriri. Na 11-hour agha, Carl furu efu banyere 50 puku ndị mmadụ. N'ihi ya, ọ na-amanye agbahapụ kwupụta Moravia.

Mmeri nke Wagram French na-eri bụ nnọọ oké ọnụ. Akpa, Napoleon agha efu 32,000 agha. Nke abuo, mgbe Agha nke Britain na Russian Alaeze Ukwu banyere megide Napoleonic France na agha.

Soro bulie onu na Russia

French Emperor emeghị itu egwu guzosie ike megide ya a mmekota nke European eze. Na 1812, Russia hapụrụ naanị - mbụ allies nke mgbochi Napoleonic agha, Austria na Prussia, na-amanye ghọọ allies nke French Alaeze Ukwu.

July 12, Napoleon agha gafere Neman River, wakporo Russian Alaeze Ukwu. Tupu oké ihe ịma Russian agha nwere na-agba ọsọ iji zere agha. Inye ọgụ naanị, ha na-fọrọ nke nta ka mbo ihu ha zuru mmeri.

Agha nke Marshal Davoust e zigara enyemaka ndị agha Jerome Bonaparte, onye na-achụ nke abụọ Russian Western Army General Bagration, alaghachi azụ si Vaukavysk n'ebe ndịda-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. Nkà nghogbu Ọchịagha nke Russian agha napụrụ n'okpuru abụọ igbu onye-iro, n'ihi na ma ndị French Marshal na-ịchụkwudo. Mgbe Bagration agha malite ịgafe Niemen, na French ọchịagha mere ọzọ kụrụ afọ n'ala iji lee ya n'ime gburugburu ebe obibi. Ụzọ hụ onye iro atụmatụ, General Bagration chigharịkwuuru Minsk.

Na Mogilev Davout collided na-achụ agha, biaruru obodo n'iru onye-iro. The abụọ Russian Western Army ọzọ na ebipụ mbụ Western Army nke General Barclay de Tolly, alaghachi azụ n'ebe ugwu. Na ọnọdụ a, ọ dịghị ihe ekpe Bagration, ma ka oge na n'ihu tupu nke onye iro. Mee ya ka ọ o nyere ndị agha nke General Rajewski.

The avant-garde nke Chassis Dawa zutere na shelves nso obodo Saltanovka Rajewski. Na agha nke Saltanovka Russian jisiri tie ndị na-achụso nke French, na Bagration agha wee si igbu nke Imperial Army. Nke a na oge ya zigara Smolensk.

Near Smolensk 1st na 2nd Western agha sonyeere Russian. August 4 malitere Agha nke Smolensk (agha nke 1812), na nke abuana na Davout. Onye nke ya nkewa, edu Gudin, bụ ike ịmata ihe dị iche onwe ya na agha nke Valutina Mountain, wakpoo a detachment nke Majọ-Jeneral Tuchkov-na-atọ. Nke ikpeazụ a kpọrọ merụọ na weghaara.

N'oge agha nke Borodino, na dị na àgwà nke eze ukwu, Davout bụ guzo na etiti nke ndị agha. The Center na-ahụ maka ndị brunt nke Napoleon agha. O nwere ka nna Russian ubi e wusiri ike, nke a gụnyere agha akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka Bagration flushes.

Dị ka ọdịnala, nke malitere Napoleon, tupu nnukwu agha, ndị agha nke alaeze ukwu ya Uwe na zuru uwe edo. August 26, 1812, na anyanwụ na chi ọbụbọ, malitere a dị ike ogbunigwe agha si abụọ n'akụkụ. Around 6:00 am na French ulo oru a oke ifufe flushes. Ìgwè abụọ nke Davoust na-iji na ndịda iwepụ. N'agbanyeghị nke space kara nke French, Russian ka jisiri ichughachiazu agha.

Site 7 am Davout nyere onwe ya elu ma maliteghachi agha. Nke a oge o jisiri weghara ndịda iwepụ. Otú ọ dị, bayoneeti elekọta ọtụtụ bipu battalions, nke Bagration zigara iwepụ, kwere ka akụ aka ndị French nke e wusiri ike. Mgbe Napoleon zigara enyemaka nke ndi agha nke Murat, Davout, Ney si agha na ndị ọzọ agha. The French mebiri n'ime nri na-ekpe iwepụ, ma oke Russian counter-agha ọzọ kụrụ aka ha. Mmegide na Bagration flushes ụbọchị soro otu mgbe ọzọ ...

N'oge ichighaazu nke Grand Army nke Napoleon Louis-Nicolas Davout o nyere ya rearguard, nke mgbe niile ilekọta kwụsịrị Cossack Ataman Platov , na General Miloradovich alụso. October 22, Vyazma Russian iro rearguard egbochi n'okporo ụzọ ahụ West. N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ndị agha Davoust natara reinforcements, Russian mebiri ya. N'ụbọchị ahụ, Napoleon agha efu banyere 8000 agha. Mgbe e meriri na Vyazma eze ukwu dochie "Iron Marshal" (na-akpọ n'ala nna Davoust) dị ka ọchịagha nke ndị agha na-n'azụ Marshal Nehemiah.

Ihe ọzọ bụ isi ọnwụ nke Russian Army agha nke Davout ahuhu a agha nso obodo nke Red, nke e nwere si 3 6 November. Alaghachi azụ si Smolensk, na French chọrọ kewapụta si Russian mkpagbu na ụzọ ọpụpụ osimiri Berezina. Mgbe nke a agha, ahụ Marshal Davoust e ma akwukwo.

The na mmeri nke France

Davoust bụghị n'etiti marshals nke Napoleon, onye nyere ndị jikọrọ aka na Paris. Na 1813 na 1814, ọ lụrụ ọgụ na n'ebe ugwu nke Germany, Hamburg ịgbachitere nnọchibido nke Russian na Prussian agha. N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na nnọchibido were ebe na-enweghị ihe ike ọgụ na bombings, Hamburg agha ka na-nyefere ndị jikọrọ aka.

Mgbe Napoleon France ahụhụ a agha na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mmeri, Louis-Nicolas Davout, onye biography ka mgbe e jikọtara ya na Napoleon, na kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi nye ya. Na ọbụna mgbe ọ nọ n'ala ọzọ n'àgwàetiti Elba, Davout nyeghị elu echiche ha. Mgbe Napoleon rutere n'ebe ndịda nke mba ahụ, malitere ije mmeri March ka Paris, Lui Davu sonyeere ya. "N'oge na narị ụbọchị" ahụ, ọ nọrọ na post of Minister nke Agha na France.

Mgbe Bourbons laghachi ike, Davoust bụ nnọọ ewu ewu na mba, ma karịsịa na agha. Ọ, ka ndị fọdụrụ n'ime ndị marshals nke Napoleon, ya nile funahụrụ ya n'ohu na utu aha, ma ọ bụghị n'ihi na ogologo - na 1817, iji zere iyatesịt na otu, ọ laghachiri niile ochie utu aha na n'ohu. Mgbe afọ abụọ gachara, Davoust jisiri bụghị nanị na-woo ndị ọchịchị, ma na-na-a ọgbọ nke France.

June 1, 1823 Louis-Nicolas Davout nwụrụ nke akpa ume ụkwara nta na Paris.