"Oké Osimiri Lion" - ọrụ weghara Nazi Germany England

Agha nke Britain na "Operation Sea Lion" na-ezo aka okpu inwale weghara Hitler Albion na 1940. Okpu na-enyemaka nke Russia, dị ka ihe iji na-kagbuo niile preparations maka a ọdịda dị n'ikperé Great Britain e nyere Ndú January 9, 1941, mgbe ndị Germany na-kwụsịrị na Moscow, na ihe nile German agha malitere zigara agha mba anyị. Ma ọ bụrụ na "Oké Osimiri Lion" - ọrụ weghara England, Agha nke Britain (a okwu ẹkenam site ịgba akwụkwọ nke Churchill) na-agụnye naanị Air Force ọgụ na iji weghara German elu nọ na mbara igwe nke mba ahụ.

The ikpeazụ aka na n'ịbụ ohu nke Europe

Mgbe agha, ụfọdụ agadi agha German isi na ekwu na Hitler ọ dịghị mgbe ọ kpọrọ banyere agha na UK. Dịcha, ka e merisịrị nke French agha, ọ bụ obi ike na obodo ndị Channel Ọwara bụ ugbua na n'akpa uwe ya. Na agaghị agbanahụ akara aka nke England, France, na nke Onye Ndú ọnwa asatọ mere a "playful agha" ruo mgbe May 9, 1940, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị agha Russia. "Oké Osimiri Lion" - ọrụ, ime dị ka ọdịda nke German wakpo - e mma July 16, 1940. Seeliwe atụmatụ bụ - ibido 25 nkewa na-agafe English Channel na enweta na English n'ụsọ oké osimiri n'etiti Dover na Portsmouth.

Channel - eke nchebe nke England

Ma, ọtụtụ na-aghọta na a ọdịda - a dị ize ndụ azụmahịa, na "Oké Osimiri Lion" - ịwa ọzọ adventurous, n'ihi na England nwere a dị ezigbo mma agha mmiri na ọtụtụ narị afọ nke ahụmahụ na- naval agha. British Air Force anọwokwa nnọọ ike. Ntụgharị ugbo ọdịda m nnọọ ike. Ya mere, otu n'ime mmiri nke German agha, ya bụ na Army, nke "Operation Sea Lion" ekwe. E kpebiri mbụ ibibi ma ọ bụ ebelata RAF na iji kpochapụ ihe English Channel. Ụbọchị nke malitere ọrụ ahụ mgbe niile bufee. N'ezie, Britain nwere nnọọ mmasị na Hitler wakporo Soviet Union na n'ụzọ ọ bụla ọ na-akwalite.

oké njọ preparations

"Oké Osimiri Lion", ọrụ bụ German agha na Albion, niile ugbu a adi, mgbanwe e mere, na ụbọchị nke na mmalite nke nyefe. E kpebiri na ọ bụ 25, na nke 40 nkewa ga isonye na ngafe nke English Channel, na-adịdebeghị mmiri n'ụsọ nke, na-arụ ala gbara osimiri okirikiri obodo - Cherbourg na Rotterdam, Calais na Ostend, akpọkọtara na nnukwu quantities ịgafe ụlọ ọrụ - 1722 barges na 471 kpuo. Ke adianade do, ndị Germany na-atụ anya na-eji ụgbọ mmiri na 1161 na 155 nkeji nke Maritime iga Ndahie 3000-5000 tọn. Mesiri ike weputa German Air Force (Luftwaffe), support na 13 ala gbara osimiri okirikiri egbe.

Agha nke Britain

August 7-8 England malitere bọmbụ, na koodu aha - "Eagle wakporo» (Adlerangriffe). Ụbọchị mbụ, na-enwe na koodu aha "Eagle Day» (Adlertag), na-ewere na ukara mmalite ụbọchị nke Agha nke Britain (ezie na isi mmalite ndị ọzọ e depụtara na September 13 ukara na ụbọchị nke na mmalite nke ọrụ "Eagle", nke bụ akụkụ nke amphibious ọdịda "Sea Lion"). Operation malitere ụbọchị nke bụ nke na-e mma (ọdịda, dị ka anyị maara, kwa, ọ bụghị-ebe), mgbe mgbe, na-akpọ "na-emezughị na-awụlikwa elu oké osimiri ọdụm." February 13, 1942, Admiral Raeder ikpeazụ m nwere a okwu na Fuehrer banyere nke a na ime ihe, mgbe nke ọ na-akpatre wepụrụ si burukwa.

The ezigbo mgbanwe ná agha

Dị ka e kwuru n'elu, n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1940, mbuso agha ịwa ahụ na England e rescheduled maka mmiri nke 1941. Ihe ọ bụla e dere bụ ugbu a mgbanwe na World War II, naanị ịkwụsị Hitler ama agha nso Moscow na-emeri nke Stalingrad zọpụta Britain pụọ n'ịbụ ohu. Zọpụtara ha Sea na Russian agha ahụ mere ihe akụkọ mmeri nke British merie mgbe meriri, na ọzara, na site na ha n'ikperé mmiri. Naanị Hitler iji kwụsị German iwe na Dunkirk na-ekwe ka ibufe 330 puku ndị agha ndị agha jikọrọ aka gafee Channel.

ikuku parity

"Ọrụ Sea Lion" Ẹkenịm ke okpomọkụ nke 1940. N'ezie, ọ bụghị ọdịda na kpọọ nke agwaetiti mba, na bọmbụ nke England, bụ ndị nwere ike ikpochapụ ụzọ maka ala agha. Ma ọrụ July 16, 1940 e mma, akwụkwọ, na kpamkpam kagburu January 9, 1941-nke. Operation "Eagle", a akụrụngwa nke "Sea Lion", kwụsịrị na September, na ndị Germany na-amanye ha ikweta na ihe ndị na-achị na ikuku na ha ruru na-Luftwaffe, ọ dị mkpa ka a kwụsị bọmbụ nke London na mbuso agha yigharịrị mgbe ebighị ebi. Na, na, maka doro anya na ihe mere, nke a echiche na-abịa azụ.

Mmalite nke mbibi zuru ezu nke European obodo tinyere ikuku

N'ihi ya biri na "Operation Sea Lion". Akpaghasị mbuso agha nke England ọ bụla ikpe nwere ike-atụle a n'aka na mba naanị. Ọ bụ ezie na UK na rụrụ ikuku etiwapụ megide Germany, bụghị Hitler kpara atụmatụ maka ihe agha na Russia, na England, "ọ bụghị ogologo eji music-egwu." Na-agbawa obi bọmbụ nke London e kpọkwasịwo a navigation njehie nke German ụgbọelu, nke rụpụtara dịghị bọmbụ agha ụlọ mmepụta ihe, emi odude ke a esịt nke British isi obodo, na ya center. The British mere anọ retaliatory wakporo Berlin. Na ọ bụ ezie na mbibi na nwụrụnụ bụ ndị obere, na Berliners ghara itu egwu, kama anya, Hitler ama ofụt na iwu na oke bọmbụ bụ isi obodo nke England, bụ nke malitere na 7 September. Na otu ụbọchị na England mgbaàmà dara "Cromwell", a aka ná ntị banyere mmalite nke mbuso agha nke German agha. September 7 bombings bụ ike na-akpata kasị ukwuu mbibi, 9 September - obere ịrịba 15 - ọbụna na-erughị. 17 September na Maritime ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke Germany, na-dismantling ngwá zubere maka iwe. Ndị Germany na-emeghị nweta mma nke elu-igwe, na kpuchie ụzọ "Sea Lion". Ma, ọ ike-ahuta ka a mmeri German agha na mgbanwe na ndị agha. Otú ahụ karị, n'ihi na ndị Germany akwụsịghị n'ihu bọmbụ, na obodo nke Coventry e bibiri n'ala na afọ 1940-1942.