Olee otú Too truffles: mycelium, ala technology. Ebe truffles na-eto eto

O yighị ka ị zutere nwoke anụtụbeghị truffles. Ma ole na ole nke anyị enwewo ike dịkarịa ala otu ugboro na-agbalị a na-atọ oké ọnụ nri. Ọ na-adị ka adịkarịghị na mgbe ọ bụla izo aka n'ebe eziokwu na ọ nwere ike na-agbalị na-anakọta si ya suburban ebe, ndị mmadụ na eju shrug. Mgbe na-agụ isiokwu a, ị ga-amụta otú ịzụlite truffles n'ụlọ.

Ebe ọ na-etolite a pụrụ iche ero?

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na taa ya toro fọrọ nke nta n'akụkụ nile nke ụwa, truffle ka na-ewere a mba akụ nke France. Bi na steeti a na-akpọ a pụrụ iche nri nanị dị ka "na-ejighị isi" ma ọ bụ "nwa diamond".

Nnukwu mberede bụ eziokwu na ọbụna taa ọ dịghị onye pụrụ ikwu nnọọ kpọmkwem otú truffle amụba. Nke a na-amaghị ka ọkachamara, ọtụtụ ná ndụ ya ewepụtara ọmụmụ nke dịkwa ka usoro ha. The eziokwu na n'okpuru ala, ebe e nwere ndị truffles, ukwuu na-adabere na osisi, na-akpata usoro nke bụ ha isi carbohydrates. N'aka truffles rhizomes osisi enye nchedo microbial ọrịa. Micellar nke na-adị ero envelop mgbọrọgwụ nke osisi na osisi, ide ha na ndị ọzọ na mmiri. Na sayensị, dị coexistence a maara dị ka symbiosis.

Ka ba uba truffle?

Ọ mycelium bụ isi na nke kasị mkpa akụkụ nke ọ bụla nke ero. Ya mere, na ebe truffles na-eto eto, mkpa pụrụ iche na-elekọta na-ebu ihe ọ bụla gwupụtatụrụla ọrụ. Si ike mycelium amalite ifịk ifịk ịzụlite fruiting ahụ, ndị spores nke ga isonye na ụdi amụba. N'adịghị ka ndị ọzọ niile dịkwa ka usoro ha, amụba truffle na-adabere na ndị bi n'oké ọhịa ụmụ anụmanụ. Animals-ahụ ya na-eri. Ekemende gbara ndị truffle spores-ada n'ala, na-enye ndụ ka a ọhụrụ mycelium. Iji adọta uche nke oké ọhịa na ụmụ anụmanụ, ero exudes a ụfọdụ flavor. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụghị a obi ụtọ mmadụ ịnụ ísì. Na-abịa site n'ihe ndị kasị truffles-esi ísì bụ ihe dị ka ndị isi nke eyịm adiahade ma ọ bụ merụrụ emerụ azụ asa. Na nanị ole na ole ụdị ero ifịk ifịk na-akpali ndị secretion nke gastric ihe ọṅụṅụ na ụmụ mmadụ. Otu onye dị otú umu bụ nwa Perigord truffle.

Gịnị bụ truffle?

Description of ero nwere ike dị na bụla pụrụ iche ndekọ. Nke a na nzuzo marsupial ero odo, isi awọ, na-acha ọcha ma ọ bụ nwa ndo nwere a uru klubnepodobnoe ahu, kpuchie na ike ike akpụkpọ. Inside ero bụ anụ ahụ na-ele anya dị ka a maze nke veins. Akụkụ delicacy, nke bee dị ka a polished marble, nwere ike mbio nnụnụ kwel àkwá na nnukwu apple. Mycelium truffle mejupụtara ndị kasị mma emep uta eri nke banye n'ime ime n'ígwé nke cortex mkpụrụ ndụ nke mgbọrọgwụ usoro na ifịk ifịk mmekọrịta na ha.

N'okpuru ihe ọnọdụ nwere ike na-eto eto a na nzuzo ero?

Tupu truffles na-eto eto, ị ga-achọ ịjụ ha, ha nwere ike na-eto eto na ụfọdụ. Isi ọnọdụ maka cultivation nke ero delicacy a na-ewere a na-ekpo ọkụ idụhe. Ndị a ibiere nwere ike ịbụ mma ruru eru maka n'ọhịa ebe nke Portugal, Spain, n'ebe ndịda Germany, Italy, France na Croatia. O na-etolite na Pacific n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke America, Tunisia, Algeria na Morocco. Nnọọ na-apụghị inweta truffles na ala ịta ahịhịa.

Ọ ga-ekwe omume na-eto eto a nri n'ụlọ?

Taa, ihe ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ nwere mmasị na-esi na-eto eto truffles, na ma na-eme ya onwe gị. Dị na-ekwu na ọ bụ a ezigbo ihe ịma aka. Ndị isi ihe bụ ịgakwuru ya, mmejuputa iwu na zuru ọrụ. Ọ dị mkpa ka na-ahọrọ nri elu-edu seedlings, chọta a kwesịrị ekwesị na saịtị na-akwadebe ala ọma.

Ndị nwere mmasị na-esi na-eto eto truffles n'ụlọ, ga-aghọta na nke a bụ nnọọ mgbagwoju mmega na-achọ a ọrụ obibia.

Isi nkebi nke ero ozuzu

Ọ ga-aghọta na cultivation nke truffles ẹkenịmde na atọ. Mgbe mbụ ogbo nke transplantation na rụrụ mycelium na kasị mma ọnọdụ. The nzọụkwụ nke abụọ na-eto eto seedlings nke mkpụrụ ozu. Na nanị mgbe ahụ i nwere ike na-amalite akuku truffle eto eto embrayo. Dị ka a na-achị, ndị mushrooms na bred site akuku-eto eto osisi na truffle mycelium mepụtara.

Olee otú ịhọrọ ma kwadebe saịtị ahụ maka akuku?

Ọ ga-ghọtara na ndị a dịkwa ka usoro ha na-adị nnọọ picky. Ha mkpa a na-ekpo ọkụ ọnọdụ ihu igwe. Ya mere, ndị na-ebi ndụ na ebe ihe ejighị n'aka na ihu igwe, na-ekpo ọkụ summers na oyi na-atụ winters, na ọ bụ mma ịhapụ echiche. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-ebi a region ebe ọnọdụ na-eto eto a nri, i nwere ike n'enweghị gaba mmejuputa ya plan.

Tupu truffles na-eto eto, i kwesịrị ịchọta onye kwesịrị ekwesị ibé ala. Ala kwesịrị ọgaranya calcium na humus, onye Onyenwe anyị + exponent kwesịrị dịkarịa ala 7.5. The mgbakwasị na nke ya zubere osisi truffles, e kwesịrị ọzọ dịkwa ka usoro ha, na-enwe ike mpi na ha. Ọ ga-eti na kwa embossed ebe nwere ike siere n'ibu ọlu-ubi-.

Ke ofụri ofụri, na saịtị kwesịrị inwe a mma ebe ikwu na anyanwụ na ifufe. Ọzọkwa, ọ ga-eguzogide mmiri ozize, na nwere a mkpọda adịghị nnọọ 15 degrees.

akuku usoro

Ịmepụta ezigbo ọnọdụ maka cultivation nke truffles, ị nwere ike n'ihu ozugbo na ọdịda. The oge kacha mma maka akuku anyadokwa ero mycelium seedlings atụle mmiri, mgbe ọ na-adịghị anya ntu oyi. Young osisi a kụrụ n'ala, kpamkpam free nke ata. N'ihi nke a, olulu gwuru n'ala, ihe omimi nke nke esịmde 75 cm. The okirikiri nke 40 sentimita si onye ọ bụla osisi a kụrụ na-atụ aro wụsa a oyi akwa nke mulch afọ ikpeazụ daa oak epupụta. Seedlings ga-kpuchie plastic film griin haus.

E nwere ihe ọzọ usoro na-eto eto ndị a mushrooms - na sawdust. Otú ọ dị, nke a technology na-agụnye a ọma tupu nkenye ọnọdụ ọzụzụ n'ala. Mkpụrụ mkpa ahụ mejupụta calcium na humus, na n'elu kpuchie na ọhụrụ na oak ma ọ bụ beech sawdust. Mgbe nke a, ala ga-awụfu mgbagwoju fatịlaịza, na nanị mgbe ahụ i nwere ike na-amalite akuku mushrooms. Mycelium truffles weere na ala na-agbasa na sawdust.

Olee otú na-elekọta akuku?

Chepụta otú na-eto eto truffles, adịghị zuru ike, na-eche na mgbe akuku, ị nwere ike dị nnọọ anọdụ azụ na-eche maka owuwe ihe ubi. N'eziokwu, ha na-achọ ụfọdụ na-elekọta. N'oge ruo n'oge, na osisi ga-nri mgbagwoju fatịlaịza, nke nwere ike mfe ịchọta ihe ọ bụla pụrụ iche na shop. Ke adianade do, ọ na-atụ aro na-eme ka ala ubé micronutrients (boron, zinc, magnesium na ígwè). Atụmatụ a bụ kwesịrị ekwesị n'ihi na cultivation nke hazel inoculated na mycelium nke truffle.

Ọzọkwa, echefukwala banyere isi pests nke eze ero, nke na-agụnye ezì na rabbits. Ụmụ anụmanụ ndị a na-machibidoro malite na ebe truffles eto. Ọ bụghị obere ihe ize ndụ nke a ero bụ nwa ọchịcha na weevils. Osisi nọrọ n'ụlọ truffle nwekwara mkpa pụrụ iche na-elekọta. Ha ga-akwagide na oge kwachaa bụ wepu isi akụkụ nke dị ike alaka ogwe iji belata elu. Nke a na-enye ohere maka amụba permeability nke mmiri ozuzo na ìhè anyanwụ n'ime ala.

owuwe ihe ubi

Pụtara na n'oge okpomọkụ truffle fruiting ahụ mkpa na-eto eto ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa. Dị ka a na-achị, ndị n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ ọ esịmde achọrọ ọnọdụ. Mfri eke nwa truffle uto bụ ngafe otuto, exudes a obi ụtọ isi nnọọ ike. Underripe ero nwere ike mata site na ọbara ọbara shei. Dị ka a na-achị, owuwe ihe ubi nke nwa truffles nwere ike na-egbute site November ka March. Maturation nke na-acha ọcha Burgundy iche na e nwere obere bit ngwa ngwa.

Collection of ndị a dịkwa ka usoro ha nwere nnọọ reminiscent nduku owuwe ihe ubi. Otú ọ dị, e nwere ihe ole na ole ụzọ aghụghọ. Ma ọ bụghị ya, i nwere ike na mberede imebi mycelium, nke mere na ọkpọ truffles ngwa ngwa nkụ. Anyị ga na-eme ihe ike na-elekọta, jiri nwayọọ na-ewepụ ala si fruiting ozu dịkwa ka usoro ha. Ọ ga-emetụta ike n'ezi ihe nke ala owuwu ma na-gbochie mmebi nke usoro nke mycorrhiza. Kwesịrị naanị anakọta mfri eke mushrooms.

Iji adị n'elu owuwe ihe ubi ripened truffles nwere ike itinye aka na usoro nke na-akpan zụrụ ụmụ anụmanụ. Ha we je, chita ísì mkpụrụ zoro n'okpuru ahụ n'ala. N'ihi na ndị a na nzube, ị nwere ike eji ọ bụghị nanị nkịta, ma na ezi. Si ibé ebe nke otu hectare nwere ike ikpokọta site na 50 ruo 100 kilogram dịkwa ka usoro ha.

Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ihe ubi na-ahụ n'ụzọ zuru okè chekwara n'ime afọ. Truffles nwere ike oyi kpọnwụrụ na Fikiere site lyophilization.

Bara uru Atụmatụ maka beginners ero

Ozugbo tupu akuku-eto eto osisi enweghị ike ifatilaiza ala. Ime otú ahụ pụrụ ime ka ọnwụ nke mycelium. N'oge ọdịda ọ dị mkpa iji chebe mgbọrọgwụ usoro nke seedlings. Na olulu, na nke ha ga-kụrụ na-eto eto na osisi oak, ga-awụpụ a obere mmiri, fesa na ala na mmiri ọzọ ugboro.

N'ọdịnihu, ị ghaghị ijide n'aka na ala n'elu adịghị egosi cracks. N'ihe banyere mmụta ebe a bụ a ga-efesa ájá. Ke adianade oak, ike ga-eji, na osisi ndị ọzọ, gụnyere olive, citrus na redwood. N'ihi na ihe ịga nke ọma cultivation nke truffles akuku omimi kwesịrị 75 cm. Nanị ụzọ hụ na nchebe nke ala mushrooms si ntu oyi, ifufe na pests. Ọ na-machibidoro na-eto eto truffles nso spruce, poplar, willow na chestnut.