Ọmịiko ogwe: Ọdịdị na ọrụ

Ọmịiko akwara ogwe bụ otu n'ime mmiri nke na ọmịiko ụjọ usoro elu òkè.

Ọdịdị

Dị na Ọdịdị nke ahụ ọmịiko ogwe (Truncus sympathicus), na ọ bụ a ụzọ ọnụ na-ejikọrọ na onye ọ bụla ọzọ site ọmịiko emep uta eri. Education data na-emi odude ma n'akụkụ nke spinal kọlụm na ya dum ogologo.

Ọ bụla nke ọmịiko ogwe ọnụ - a assemblage autonomic akwara ozi na-arụ ịmafe preganglionic emep uta eri (ukwuu akụkụ ya) na iputa si ọgidigi azụ, akpụ ọcha ejikọta alaka.

The n'elu kọwara emep uta eri na-kpọtụụrụ na kwekọrọ ekwekọ unit mkpụrụ ndụ na-ma esịnede inter-ọnụ alaka na below- ma ọ bụ vysheraspolagayuschiysya ọmịiko ogwe ọnụ.

Mere ndokwa ejikọta ọcha alaka elu lumbar na thoracic. The sacral, ala lumbar na cervical ọnụ nke ụdị nweghị alaka.

E wezụga na-acha ọcha alaka, dịpụrụ adịpụ dị ka isi awọ ejikọta alaka, nke iso na-akasị nke ọmịiko postganglionic eriri na spinal irighiri akwara jikọtara gbọmgbọm mgbakọ. Dị otú ahụ alaka-aga ọ bụla nke spinal irighiri akwara, na-apụ apụ n'ebe onye ọ bụla nke ọmịiko ogwe ọnụ. Dị ka akụkụ nke irighiri akwara ha na-aga na-innervated akụkụ (glands, ezigbo onye na striated uru).

Dị ka akụkụ nke ọmịiko ogwe (Mmebe) kwụsịtụrụ na-na-esonụ ngalaba:

1. Sacral.
2. Lumbar.
3. Obi.
4. N'olu.

ọrụ

Dika nkewa nke ọmịiko na akpati ya constituent akwara ganglia, na e nwere ọtụtụ atụmatụ nke anatomical mmụta:

1. Innervation nke isi na olu, nakwa dị ka akara nke Mbelata arịa, ha nri.
2. Innervation nke thoracic oghere (ọmịiko ogwe alaka ọnụ gụnyere ke mejupụtara nke irighiri akwara na pleura, diaphragm, pericardium na imeju na ọgọdọ).
3. Innervation nke vaskụla mgbidi (esịnede akwara plexuses) nkịtị carotid, thyroid na subclavian akwara na aorta.
4. Jikọọ na akwara ganglion akwara plexus.
5. Soro na guzobe nke celiac, aortic, gbasara akụrụ na elu mesenteric plexus.
6. Innervation nke pelvic akụkụ ruru ka omume nke alaka nke Crusades ganglia nke ọmịiko ogwe ke ala hypogastric plexus.

The cervical ọmịiko ogwe nkewa

Dị ka akụkụ nke cervical spain, e nwere atọ nkeji: ala, n'etiti na elu. More ọ bụla n'ime ha-atụlekwu.

n'elu ọnụ

Education fusiform akụkụ 20 * 5 mm. Ọ bụ nsogbu na 2-3 cervical vertebrae (ha cross otrostah) n'okpuru prespinal fascia.

Ọ departs si ọnụ asaa isi alaka na-postganglionic emep uta eri na innervate akụkụ nke isi na olu:

• Ijikọ awọ alaka 1, 2, 3 cervical spinal irighiri akwara.
• N. jugularis (jugular akwara) ekewa n'ime ọtụtụ alaka, abụọ nke na-mmasị ka glossopharyngeal na vagus irighiri akwara, na otu - na hypoglossal akwara.
• N. caroticus internus (akwara n'ime ero ụra) abanye ná mpụta shei nke esịtidem carotid akwara nke otu aha na e Nleta plexus, site na nke na mpaghara nke abanye akwara nke otu aha na temporal ọkpụkpụ kanaal wezuga ọmịiko emep uta eri na-etolite na miri nkume akwara nke pterygoid kanaal inyịme na nkpirikpi ọkpụkpụ. Mgbe exiting eriri ọwa emebiwo pterygopalatine fossa ma sonyere postganglionic parasympathetic akwara si pterygopalatine ọnụ, nakwa dị ka ndị maxillary akwara, na mgbe ahụ zigara ndị ọchịchị na ebe nke ihu. Na-ero ụra ọwa si somnolence n'ime plexus alaka iche, na banye n'ime plexus na-etolite a tympanum. Inside na okpokoro isi na-ero ụra (n'ime) na-aga n'ime cavernous plexus, na ya emep uta eri na-ekesa na ụbụrụ arịa, akpụ ophthalmic plexus n'etiti ụbụrụ na ihu ụbụrụ akwara. Ọzọkwa, cavernous plexus eziga a alaka na ike jikọọ na parasympathetic esiwọrọ parasympathetic ciliary ọnụ na innervate muscle dilating ka nwa.
• N. caroticus externus (mpụga ero ụra akwara). Ọ Nleta elu plexus nso homonymous akwara na alaka ya, nke na-enye ọbara ka akụkụ nke n'olu, ihu, na Dura.
• Pharyngeal-laryngeal alaka arịa eso pharyngeal mgbidi na ụdị pharyngeal plexus.
• Gbasara obi akwara na-aga dị nso elu òkè nke cervical ọmịiko ogwe. The obi oghere n'elu site gbasara obi plexus, bụ nke dị n'okpuru aortic njiko.
• Alaka na-akụkụ nke phrenic akwara. Ha mmechi mere ndokwa na Capsule na akwara njikọ nke imeju, pericardial, diaphragmatic parietal peritoneum, pleura na diaphragm.

nkezi unit

Education nha 2 * 2 mm, emi odude larịị 4 nke cervical vertebrae, na a ebe irutu nkịtị carotid na usụhọde thyroid akwara. Nke a ọnụ enye ịrị elu anọ na ụdị nke alaka:

1. Ijikọ awọ alaka na-aga 5, 6 spinal irighiri akwara.
2. Nkezi obi akwara, bụ nke dị n'azụ nkịtị carotid akwara. Na uji eze nke obi akwara bụ idem ke guzobe nke gbasara obi plexus (miri), bụ nke dị n'etiti oghere eji ekunye ume na aortic njiko.
3. Alaka na-etinye aka ná nzukọ nke akwara plexus subclavian, nkịtị carotid ma na ala thyroid akwara.
4. Mezhduuzlovaya alaka na jikọọ elu cervical ọmịiko usu.

ala unit

Education na-emi odude n'azụ vertebral akwara na subclavian n'elu. Na obere okwu, jikọtara na mbụ ọnụ na thoracic ọmịiko kpọrọ stellate (cervico-thoracic) ọnụ. Lower nzukọ enye ịrị elu alaka isi:

1. Gray ejikọta alaka inyịme na 7, 8 cervical spinal irighiri akwara.
2. Alaka nke na-aga na plexus vertebralis, inyịme na okpokoro isi na-akpụ plexus posterior ụbụrụ akwara na basilar plexus.
3. Akwara nke ala obi, ekpe nsogbu n'azụ aorta na nri - maka brachiocephalic akwara na-agụnye guzobe nke miri emi obi plexus.
4. Sprigs nke na akụkụ nke phrenic akwara, ma ọ bụghị na-etolite plexuses na chupu na diaphragm, pleura na pericardium.
5. The alaka, nke na-etolite a nkịtị carotid akwara plexus.
6. Alaka na subclavian akwara.

ǹgụ

Ọdịdị nke ahụ thoracic ọmịiko ogwe mejupụtara ganglia thoracica (mammary ọnụ) - akwara Education a zita udi, nke na-edina na costal n'olu ke n'akụkụ nke thoracic vertebrae, a hilar fascia na parietal pleura.

Site thoracic ganglia wezuga 6 isi iche iche nke alaka:

1. White ejikọta alaka, nke branched si intercostal irighiri akwara (ha ihu mgbọrọgwụ) na banye n'ime ọnụ.
2. Gray ejikọta alaka si ganglia na-zigara ndị intercostal irighiri akwara.
3. Alaka nke mediastinum. Sitere si 5 ọmịiko elu Ganga na-anwale na posterior mediastinum òkè, na ndị ọzọ na emep uta eri akpụ bronchial na esophageal plexus.
4. Gbasara obi thoracic irighiri akwara. Sitere si 4-5 elu ọmịiko ganglia, na-ekere òkè n'usoro nke aortic na miri obi plexus.
5. Splanchnic akwara nnukwu. Kpọkọtara alaka 5-9 thoracic ọmịiko mara akpụ kpuchie intrathoracic fascia. Site na oghere n'etiti n'etiti na medial akwara nke ụkwụ diaphragm gbatịrị n'ime abdominal oghere na-agwụ na ganglia celiac plexus. The mejupụtara nke a na-agụnye a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke akwara preganglionic emep uta eri (nke na-Switched n'ime celiac ganglia plexus on postganglionic emep uta eri) na postganglionic na ugbua Switched larịị thoracic ganglia nke ọmịiko ogwe.
6. Akwara obere vnutrinostny. Ọ na-kpụrụ alaka ọnụ 10-12. Site na diaphragm ọ dara ubé mpụta n. splanchnicus isi ma na-akụkụ nke celiac plexus. Part nke preganglionic emep uta eri a akwara na ọmịiko ganglia na-Switched postganglionarnae, na ụfọdụ kwesịrị ịbụ akụkụ.

lumbar

Lumbar ọmịiko ogwe ganglia - bụghị na ndị ọzọ, dị ka a n'ihu nke yinye nke thoracic ganglia. Lumbar mejupụtara 4 ọnụ na-emi odude na abụọ nke ọkpụkpụ azụ na n'ime onu nke a nnukwu lumbar muscle. On n'akụkụ aka nri ọnụ visualized outwards si vena cava usụhọde, na n'aka ekpe - outwards si aorta.

Alaka nke lumbar ọmịiko ogwe bụ:

1. White ejikọta alaka inyịme si 1 na 2 lumbar spinal irighiri akwara na kwesịrị ekwesị na-1 na 2 ganglia.
2. Gray ejikọta alaka. Ikpokọta lumbar ganglia nke niile spinal lumbar irighiri akwara.
3. Lumbar splanchnic alaka na ịgbatị si niile ganglia na-abanye na elu hypogastric, celiac, abdominal aortic, gbasara akụrụ na elu mesenteric plexus.

sacral nke

The lowermost òkè (karị ọmịiko ogwe ọdịdị ala) bụ sacral nke na mejupụtara otu unpaired coccygeal nzukọ na anọ na abụọ nke sacral ganglia. Ọnụ dị ubé medial na ihu sacral oghere.

E nwere ọtụtụ alaka nke sacral òkè nke ọmịiko ogwe:

1. Gray ejikọta alaka na ibikwa na sacral spinal irighiri akwara.
2. Splanchnic irighiri akwara na-akụkụ nke autonomic plexuses na pelvis. Visceral akwara ozi si data akpụ ala hypogastric plexus, nke dabeere na alaka nke esịtidem iliac akwara site na nke banye n'ime ọmịiko irighiri akwara na pelvic akụkụ.