Akụkọ na Society, Okwu Ndị Nwoke
Ọnụ ọgụgụ ọkụ nke ọkụ PM - ole gbaa agba kwa nkeji? Pọpọ Makarov: àgwà
Makarov egbe (PM 9 mm) - a ọkara akpaka egbe na 1951, dochie TT egbe na égbè Nagant usoro. Ọ e mepụtara Makarov Nikolay Fedorovich, Soviet mmebe, nwekwara mepụtara ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ n'ịkpa ngwaọrụ. PM, mfe ma a pụrụ ịdabere na, a na-anọgide na-arụ ọrụ na ndị mmanye iwu na ndị ụlọ ọrụ na ndị agha nke Russian Federation, nakwa dị ka na ọtụtụ mba ndị ọzọ (Georgia, Syria, Latvia, Laos, Kazakhstan, North Korea, Ukraine na ndị ọzọ). Otú ọ dị, Russia a na-now ji nwayọọ nwayọọ malite dochie ya egbe Yarygin, PMM na ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ ụdị. Gịnị bụ atụmatụ nke a ngwá agha, anyị ga-aghọta ihe ọzọ.
Ndi nkiti na version nke PM
N'ihi na nke recognizable-ewu ewu na-abụghị ọgụ version, dị ka na trauma PM "Wii" na ndị ọzọ na version (PM-RF, "Berkut", PMR, PMG, MP-T), nakwa dị ka ikuku na gas (eg a gas egbe "Makarych" na roba mgbọ).
Anwụ ngwa ngwa na ala nke iji na ọ mere ya na-ewu ewu Makarov egbe, ya price (si 3 puku. Ete. Na trauma maka PM) bụkwa ezigbo plus niile nke ya, e nwere ọtụtụ obodo mgbanwe Makarov egbe. PM na Russia Ọtụtụ abịa n'ụdị nke pneumatic ngwá agha (ọzọ, ruru ya ude). E nwere ụdị nke ma anụ ụlọ na ndị mba ọzọ. Ka ihe atụ, MP-654 - a oyiri nke IZHMEH Makarov egbe.
Tupu ntọhapụ nke ndị "Iwu na ogwe aka" na trauma mgbe nanị reworked ọgụ PM (a na-akpọ oholaschivanie), na nnukwu quantities fọdụrụ n'ụlọ nkwakọba nke Soviet ugboro. Mgbanwe a na-ntakiri: ihere nke "na-emeputa" na-echebe ọcha, nke na-adịghị ekwe ka na-agbanwe ya na a ọgụ PM. Ugbu a, Otú ọ dị, ndị ọzọ ma ọ bụ obere ọhụrụ ndị na-abụghị ọgụ ụdị ndị remakes, ma ihe niile na-mere nke otu ígwè ngwá agha.
The German ụlọ ọrụ UMAREX na-emepụtakwa ọtụtụ ụdị, dị ka Umarex PM Ultra na Makarov si, na 6 mm gas-cylinder egbe Akụkọ Ifo Makarov. The American ụlọ ọrụ SMG tọhapụrụ version Gletcher PM, nke nwere a ofu bolt ụgbọelu. Otu version na ofu etiti nwere Borner - a dị iche iche ụlọ ọrụ si United States, nwere a aha BORNER PM49 na arụpụtara ke Taiwan.
Na Russia, dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke mgbanwe dị ka ọgụ (PMM, bụ ihe ikike magazine - 12 agba nke mgbọ, na a ọzọ dị ike katrij 9x18), na obodo, dị ka "Baikal" 443 (egwuregwu egbe), MR-442 "SKIF" polima-gosikwa na a usoro nke IZH70 tọhapụrụ ndị ahịa dị ka a azụmahịa egwuregwu egbe. Battle PM nwekwara a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mgbanwe.
mofla
E kwesịghị na PB egbe - a PM na a silencer na bụ oké ezi. N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na PB (egbe nkịtị) na nwere a òkè e si imewe nke PM (ụlọ ahịa na-esi na-emebi emebi akụkụ, triga usoro), bụ ndị abụọ kpamkpam dị iche iche na ngwá agha. Na USSR, e nwere mgbalị Nlụpụta PM na a silencer, ma n'ihu ibuo ogbe ga-esi: ụda Mbelata larịị bụ ezughi oke, ma n'ihi ndị ogologo oge ogwe ụba ntọhapụ rollback ọnụego, nke enwekwu wear usoro. Eleghị anya, mgbe ahụ, na 1967 na e kuchiri site PB.
Ugbu a mba ụfọdụ (China, USA na ndị ọzọ)-eme ka mba mgbanwe mbuso Makarov egbe na a silencer.
Gịnị bụ a Makarov egbe
The mpi, ẹkenịmde ke Soviet agha ke 1948, e gara site ọtụtụ iri na abuo Soviet nwe. Ebumnuche bụ ịchọta a dochie gharazie ịba uru égbè Nagant na TT egbe, ka nọ ọrụ.
Tula Tokarev egbe, mepụtara na 1930, bụ ìhè zuru ezu na kọmpat, mfe na-ebu, ma nwere ọtụtụ drawbacks. Otu n'ime ha bụ ndị ikpe nke n'amaghi gbaa (dị otú ahụ a kọwara n'akwụkwọ bụ "Almost kpọrọ" Yuri Nikulin), nke mere na egbe e kweghị-eyi na runaway n'ime-ulo katrij. Ọzọ drawback bụ enweghị a n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá na-egbu oge. All a mere ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na nke a ogologo oge TT egbe e me mbuso readiness, na ya nwere ike na-eri a agha ma ọ bụ ịkpa ndụ, n'ihi na mgbe ụfọdụ, na-aga site na a abụọ. Ọ bụ controversial na ọghọm ndị dị otú ahụ na ọ na-adịghị ruru eru maka firing si embrasures tank. Ọ bụ ezie na nke a chọrọ na-ebe-ewere uche na-adịghị, ndị German egbe ọ zara.
Ke adianade do, ọ dị mkpa na ngwá agha ahụ ga-ìhè, kọmpat na-adaba adaba, na ọtụtụ ihe, dị ka anya dị ka o kwere ga-eduga ndị égbè ọnọdụ. A sample e nyere a German egbe "Walther eyi", nke na-amalite ruo mgbe 1929. E nwere ọtụtụ ndị dị iche iche ụdị, ma nke kacha mma imewe Makarov egbe ghọtara. PM e kuchiri ekuchi na Soviet mmanye iwu ụlọ ọrụ na ndị agha afọ atọ mgbe mmepe, n'oge ahụ mgbe usoro e mma, mere ụfọdụ obere mgbanwe.
Ọ bụ ezie na mmebe Makarov na e weere dị ka ihe ndabere maka "Walther eyi," ọ na-budata gbanwetụrụ ya. Kere na egbe njikwa usoro e mfe, nkọwa ibu multifunctional, mụbara ike ha, na-akpata na ụba ọrụ ndụ na ntụkwasị obi.
Mara Makarov egbe 1949, nke bụ ka dị mma, ọ bụ ezie na ọ nastrel banyere puku iri ise gbaa. Nke a bụ nnukwu, na-ewere na ihe spring PM e mere maka 4 nke. Of gbaa (na nke a bụ "ọkọlọtọ" uru n'ihi na ọtụtụ obere égbè, n'ihi na ihe atụ, n'ihi na otu egbe Yarygin).
Ná mmalite, ọ dị mkpa ka zoo chọrọ na-ewetara a nlereanya na abụọ nsụgharị, maka caliber 7h65 mm na 9 mm. The PM eji katrij caliber 9h18mm kama 8h17mm. New bullet caliber egosi mma ịkwụsị ike karịa a bullet 7,62h25 mm TT egbe, ọ bụ ezie na o nwere obere ike. Obere ike mere ka o kwe mee imewe nke a free ụzọ ámá na ofu gbọmgbọm.
Ke akpa itie, n'ihi na nke ala ike katrij PM e mere maka firing na obere iche iche, ruo 50 mita, ọ bụ ezie na bullet nkwụsị ike bụ ruo 350 m.
imewe
Dị ka nke ọma, e nwere ịrịba iche dị na akpalite na ngwaọrụ, na isi uru bụ slide stop menjuobi, kwukwara Makarov. Shop PM egbe na fuuz dị nnọọ wee mgbanwe ụfọdụ. Na ijikọta ọrụ nke nkọwa ke imewe nke PM mere ka ọ dịrị ya mfe na akụkụ ha - bụ nke ukwu nta tụnyere "Walter eyi". Dị ka ihe atụ, a na-egbu oge n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá imewe Makarov egbe nwere a ngosiputa ọrụ aka uwe na edinam spring bụkwa spring na sear, cocking menjuobi, mgbe mwube nchekwa catch - hama rebound spring. Lower spring latches echekwa a ala njedebe nke mainspring.
"Walter eyi" bụ a na-egbu oge na-agba mere site n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na katrij ulo spiked na a bevel. Makarov fọrọ nke nta kpamkpam tutu amama nsogbu a na-enweta nke kacha mma ruru nke elu nke katrij-ulo na mkpọda nke obodo ndị bevel, otú ahụ, tinyere elu ebe nke n'elu katrij n'ime ụlọ ahịa, ọ fọrọ nke nta iwepu ihe ize ndụ nke utykaniya katrij na bevel.
nkọwa PM
Agbapụ bụ otu gbaa. N'ihi na simplification nke usoro dị ka e jiri ya tụnyere "Walter eyi" ọgụ ọnụego dara dịtụ PM. Agba kwa nkeji nwere ike ime ka a Makarov egbe 30 megide 35-40 gbaa ke eyi.
egbe na a full magazine arọ bụ 810 g
PM ebubo 9mm mgbọ (egbe cartridges 9x18), na ụlọ ahịa nwere ike nke 8 iberibe.
egbe ogologo bụ 161 mm, elu - 126,75 mm. Gbọmgbọm 4 nwere Makarov egbe rifling caliber nke 9 mm. Na ogologo nke katrij PM bụ 25 mm, na Chuck ibu - 10 g, na bullet onwe ya ji 6.1 g
Onye ọ bụla egbe na mmasị mapụtara magazine, holster, egbe belt na rubbing.
egbe égbè
The edinam dabeere na PM laghachi blowback. N'ihi na ekwedo eyi na ogwe nke nloghachi mmiri na uka nke shutter, mmechi nke azuokokoosisi emee. Ịkpalite na-emeghe akpalite, abụọ ihe. Free firing pin ike theoretically iduga n'amaghi shot mgbe ama esịn si elu elu, ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ siri ike n'ibu mmetụta, n'ihi na ọ dịghị nwere a spring, nke ga-na-ya na backward ọnọdụ. Otú ọ dị, Makarov adịghị ewere nke a ga-ekwe omume zuru ezu.
Mgbe chụọ n'ọrụ, na triga na-etinyere site hama igbu, adịru Capsule kụrie Chuck. The propellant ego amụnyewo, propellant, haruru emepụta nrụgide nke mgbo na-ejected si gbọmgbọm. Otu pressurized, haruru-agafe ala nke uwe retracts na kpọchie. Ọ esetịpụ katrij ejector, si otú compressing nloghachi spring. N'elu kọntaktị na ngosiputa uwe site shutter window Pop si.
Ọzọ dị iche si "Walther eyi" - recharging mgbe fuuz. The eyi dịghị shutter mkpọchi, ya mere, ọ bụ omume na fanye, na a ụzọ ámá GR na-egbochi. Makarov egbe nwere ike itinye na nche mgbe ụlọ ahịa a na-etinyere, na n'ime-ulo runaway Chuck. Safely wepụrụ cocked hama, o we si na ndị firing pin akpọchi nakwa dị ka oku mgbe fuuz-atụ akpalite.
The "Walther eyi" tupu firing nchekwa menjuobi ga na-ada ka nke elu ọnọdụ, na PM - ala, ọ bụ ihe adaba. Ọ na-ekpe na n'azụ nke kpọchie. Mgbe firing feature nwere: nke mbụ akpalite na sere ọma mgbe ẹsụhọde ọkọlọtọ fuuz, ga-achọ ihe na ike (banyere 3.5 n'arọ) ka triga emi odude ke ferrule na cocked egbe samovzvodom eji. Ụdi gbaa hama nwere na-nyere na cocking ọnọdụ, na maka a shot ga-achọ a obere ịda mbà n'obi (1.5 n'arọ), na-eme nke ukwuu na-adabere ọgụ ọnụego nke PM.
Maka izi ezi ka ukwuu, nke mbụ gbara mgbe mwepụ nke egbe si fuuz nwere ike platoon akpalite na aka na-akpalite na n'otu oge ahụ na-enye ya azụ, na nke a na nke mbụ shot ga-pụtara ìhè na ịpị akpalite.
Next shot nwere ike nanị mgbe ị hapụ triga
(Ebe ọ bụ na PM na-abụghị maka firing kwụ n'ahịrị). Ọhụrụ ọ bụla pịa ga-eduga ọkụ ruo mgbe ruo mgbe i na-eji niile ha mgbọ n'ime ụlọ ahịa. Na nke a, ọnụ ụzọ ámá, guzo na slide nkwụsị na-anọgide na azụ ọnọdụ.
Parts na usoro Makarov egbe
The egbe nwere 32 akụkụ, na ndị na-esonụ isi akụkụ:
- shop;
- slide catch;
- etiti na akpalite na nche ma na gbọmgbọm;
- aka na a ịghasa;
- akpalite (akpalite na usoro);
- a returnable spring;
- valvụ na nchekwa, ejector na oku igba.
egbe disassembly
Eji égbè agbagbu, egbe akpan akpan, na-achọ mgbe nile na-nnyocha. Nke a ga-enyere ngwa ngwa mata abụrụ ntụpọ ma gbochie omume nsogbu. Ekwe omume nke zuru na ele mmadụ anya n'ihu dismantling. Complete disassembly apụghị mere ọtụtụ mgbe, dị ka a gbapụrụ ọsọ elu usoro nke wear akụkụ nke usoro, na ebelata ọrụ ndụ. Ele Mmadụ Anya n'Ihu disassembly bụ zuru ezu maka nnyocha, mgbochi lubrication ma ọ bụ akwa mgbe égbè, zuru ezu naanị mkpa maka nhicha mgbe oké ọnọdụ ihu igwe (kụrụ egbe na mmiri ma ọ bụ snow, ka mgbidi ma ọ bụ nweta nkwalite ka a ọhụrụ mmanu).
E nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ nke iwu na a ga-sochiri n'oge nzukọ na disassembly nke egbe:
- disassembly na nzukọ a rụrụ na a dị ọcha elu;
- etinye iberibe iji nke nzukọ;
- akpachara anya njikwa usoro, na-enweghị mberede ujo na oké ike ngwa;
- mgbe gbakọta ọtụtụ obere égbè: a lee anya na nọmba akụkụ, ka ọ ghara emegharị akụkụ obere égbè n'etiti ha.
Ele Mmadụ Anya n'Ihu disassembly maka ihicha na nnyocha
The ụlọ ahịa a na-ewepụ si na isi nke ahụ. Right n'aka cupped ya, mgbe ahụ, sere azụ ndị magazine catch na odida isi aka nri na forefinger ka oge na magazine cover ejide protruding akụkụ. N'ihi ya, amịpụtara store.
Ị ga-hụ na e nweghị katrij na-ulo, n'ihi na nke a ọ dị mkpa iji wepu egbe si nche, na aka-ekpe-jide shutter ụzọ niile azụ, na-etinye ya na slide na-akwụsị, na mgbe ahụ na-ele ụlọ. The isi aka nri pịa slide nkwụsị na Lower shutter.
Nke a na-agbaso site nkewa nke shutter si eku. Were aka nri egbe site ya ahụ, ekpe - ala ala triga nche. Gbuda ya ụzọ ekpe na etiti, n'ihu parsing ịnọgide na-enwe ya na nke a ọnọdụ, nri index mkpịsị aka.
Ya aka ekpe jide shutter ụzọ niile azụ na ebuli ya n'azụ, na n'ihi ihe nke nloghachi spring, ọ ga-ịga n'ihu, mgbe nke na ọ pụrụ iche na etiti. Nzọụkwụ na-esonụ ga-ka ịlaghachi na ebe nke akpalite na nche.
Wepụ nloghachi spring. N'aka nri mgbe na-ejide ahụ nke etiti, wepu gbọmgbọm si spring site mbịne aka ekpe.
nzukọ Usoro
Nzukọ amalite na agbara iji, na-alọta ebe nke nloghachi spring. N'aka nri na-etiti site na ahụ, na-ekpe na-etinye a mmiri na ogwe. Mkpa: Ị ga-eyi ya na njedebe, ebe ikpeazụ gburugburu nke nta dayameta karịa ndị ọzọ.
Nke a na-agbaso site n'isonyere shutter eku. Right jide handle etiti, ekpe jide igbochi, ẹkenam n'ime ndị na-abụghị njedebe nke akara ọwa nke nloghachi spring, mgbe nke na-ókè ọnọdụ akara ọwa site n'èzí na Ekechila ọnụ òkè. Mgbe ahụ, ahụ n'azụ òkè nke shutter Lower etiti na ya longitudinal ridges ga dabara na ohere mpere nke etiti. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, belata ya, mgbe tightly ịpị shutter. Ọ bụ nrụgide nke nloghachi spring na-abịakwute na-atụ ọnọdụ, na mgbe ahụ na-ebuli fuuz igbe.
Mgbe gbakọta na egbe na ọ bụchaghị na-emepụta a skewed akpalite na nche dị ka n'oge disassembly. Ọ bụ ike ịkpọlite ndị ike nke shutter ka ala n'ihu mgbidi na-adịghị wee lie ya crest nke akpalite na nche, nke ekwe ije nke bolt na azụ.
Na ọgwụgwụ - azụ ahịa na ndị isi nke ahụ. Na-ejide egbe na aka nri ya, na ala igbe na ala nke ahụ fanye shop, na-ejide ya na mkpịsị aka na forefinger nke aka-ekpe. Na ịpị magazine cover, ma tighị n'aka ya, mee ka ọ na chọrọ ọnọdụ na nke lash dobe site na taabụ, dị site ọgwụgwụ mgbidi nke ụlọ ahịa.
Iji elu ya anya, elele ma nzukọ a rụrụ n'ụzọ ziri ezi. Iji mee nke a, gbanwee fuuz, sere azụ ma hapụ shutter. Ọ bụrụ na mere ziri ezi, mgbe ahụ, ọ kpaliri a nta na-atụ, ndị shutter nwere iba na a slide nkwụsị, nke ga-ahapụ ya na azụ ọnọdụ. Mgbe ahụ, gị na isi aka nri inupụ na lash bolt oge. N'okpuru mgbali nke nloghachi spring ọ ga-ike-laghachiri n'ihu ọnọdụ. Ga-ịkpalite cocked. Mgbe ahụ mkpa ka ị bulie fuuz igbe, mgbe ahụ, na-abịa anya triga na cocking na a ga-egbochi.
Nkenke na izi ezi nke ọkụ
Agbapụ si egbe mgbe ịlele agha a rụrụ na a anya nke 25 m n'obosara okirikiri lekwasịrị 25 cm, nke na-ndokwasa na ọta 1x0,5 m. Ọ bụrụ na anọ nwere oghere ọnụ a gburugburu onye n'obosara bụghị ihe karịrị 15 cm, agbaso a na-ewere nkịtị. Mgbe chụọ n'ọrụ, mgbo nwere a na-agba nke 315 m / sec.
Ya ụdị Makarov egbe nwere magburu onwe ziri ezi arụmọrụ. dispersion n'oge firing okirikiri 10 mm bụ 35 m, 25 m - 75 mm, na 50 m - 160 mm.
Dị ka kpọmkwem ọnụego nke PM bụ nke ukwu usụhọde na eyi, ma a ghọtara dị ka ndị kasị mma n'ihi na nke ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na n'ihi na ihe karịrị afọ iri ise, na-anọgide na ọrụ na Russia, na nke a bụ iji tụnyere ama trehlineykoy (sniper égbè Mosin, nke siworo na ọrụ na Russian Army si 1881 na 1945). Ọ bụ ezie na usoro Nagant égbè ubé karịa ha, na ọ nọrọ na ọrụ na Army fọrọ nke nta 117 afọ. States na-adịghị ha na ngwá agha mmepụta ụlọ akwụkwọ, dị nnọọ otú anya na-emegbu PM.
Ugbu a malitere gradual nnọchi nke PM na igbe akwụkwọ ozi. Ọgụ ọnụego tụnyere PM egbe Yarigina nwere a dị iche na 5 agba kwa abụọ (35 y 30 y megide IL PM) nwekwara nwere ihe abụọ-n'usoro igbe akwụkwọ ozi ụlọ ahịa (18 agba megide 8 PM) na otu ziri ezi nke égbè. Ekechila ọnụ ike ọsọ AES n'elu 100 m / sec. Otú ọ dị, IL dịtụ ukwuu (198 mm n'ogologo na 168 megide PM) na arọ (AES ibu - 910 g na a oghere magazine, bụ 100 g ukwuu karịa arọ nke PM na a full magazine).
E nwere ihe abụọ na-egosi na ọnụego nke: oru na agha. Nka na ụzụ kpebisiri ike site otú ọtụtụ agba kwa nkeji nwere ike hapụ ngwá, ewepu oge a chọrọ fanye na anya (nke nwere ike ịdị iche iche site 1.5 sekọnd si égbè mkpụmkpụ, ka 20-30 sec na a n'ọnụ antiaircraft egbe na kwụ na vetikal).
Choputa ihe ọnụego nke ọgụ PM egbe 9 mm, na omume, a ga-atụle dị ka ohere aro na ọnọdụ ihu igwe, nke na-amụba oge a chọrọ maka aiming. The nkezi maka niile ọkara akpaka obere égbè: 30-40 agba kwa nke abụọ. APS (Stechkin akpaka egbe) enye ọgụgụ 40/90 bps (agbapụ otu gbaa na-achịkwaghị achịkwa, karị). Ya mere ọgụ ọnụego nke PM bụ ihe kasị dabere n'elu agịga na oge a chọrọ iji chekwaa mgbanwe.
Dị ka ọnụego nke PM, nakwa dị ka CT, elu gharazie ịba uru égbè Nagant usoro, ọ bụ ezie na nke ikpeazụ abụọ nsụgharị adị, agha na agha. Na ndị na-elekọta 'egbe' e onwe-cocking ngwaọrụ. Otú ọ dị, ihe niile na ngwá agha na-agbala na Russia, ọ bụ yiri: pụrụ ịdabere na ala nke iji, mfe nke ọjọọ ihu igwe (ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-adịghị akagbu mkpa maka ihicha), nakwa dị ka nnukwu maintainability. E ihe dị iche ma a Makarov egbe. Price nwekwara mgbe a na-anabata, ọ bụ ezie na "égbè" nakwa na choro na ya mmepụta bụ nnọọ ukwuu ruru eru ọrụ.
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