"Ònye", "ihe" - ihe ikpe? Affixes na ha ajụjụ

Ọtụtụ mgbe, na arụmọrụ nke a morphological analysis dị mkpa iji dee ikpe parsed okwu. Ileba - otu n'ime ndị kasị sie ike na edemede na-adị taa na Russian asụsụ, kama ọ dị mkpa ka ị mara, na-amụta iji ghọta nsogbu na parses n'ụzọ ziri ezi.

Ileba na Russian asụsụ

Inflection Atiya enwe n'ozuzu na-ezo aka ruru nke a noun ma ọ bụ adjective ọzọ okwu a ikpe ma ọ bụ ahịrịokwu nke ọ Nleta ọnụ na data okwu. N'oge a na Russian asụsụ, e nwere naanị 6 ikpe: nominative, genitive, dative, nnara, instrumental na prepositional.

Na mbụ na Russian asụsụ e a otutu ihe nke ikpe, nke kagburu karịrị oge, nakwa dị ka sọrọ. Echiche ndị a phenomena na Russian asụsụ nwere ike hụrụ ruo ugbu a, ụfọdụ n'ime okwu ndị a kpụrụ si n'ụdị vocative bụrụ na nke nouns na adjectives.

Nominative na niile na-niile na-niile

The noun na nominative ikpe a na-emegide ndị ọzọ niile, n'ihi na o nwere otu nọọrọ onwe ha na ọnọdụ na a okwu asụsụ, mgbe ụfọdụ, kwuru na dị ka kpọmkwem ikpe. Ndị fọdụrụ 6 ikpe na-anọ, ha na-mgbe dabere na ndị ọzọ okwu na pụrụ igosipụta iche iche syntactic mmekọrịta ka ndị ọzọ okwu iche-iche.

Definition nke ikpe na-eme. Ịza ajụjụ "Ònye? Gịnị? - ọ bụla ikpe ", ị nwere ike ozugbo na-ekwu na nke a bụ ihe genitive ikpe, n'ihi na ọ bụ maka na ndị a okwu. Onye ọ bụla nwere ya na enwe nsogbu ndị dị mfe iji kpebie ọnọdụ nke okwu na ajụjụ.

Dị ka e gosiri site affixes?

Kpebisie ike na ikpe nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị na, ma na-na endings. Ụfọdụ affixes fọrọ nke nta ofu endings na-adabere na ụdị, ọnụ ọgụgụ na declension (nouns). Ya mere, n'ihi na okwu na nwanyị, erikwa, nominative ikpe 1 of declination ga-mkpa ọgwụgwụ "a", "m".

Ọ bụrụ na ị na-ezute a homonymy, i nwere ike na-agbalị iji chọpụta ikpe syntactic ụzọ (via negotiated na prepositions ma ọ bụ iji nke okwu a ikpe). Eji ụzọ ndị ọzọ, n'ihi na ihe atụ, a na-eji usoro nke nnọchi, mgbe nnọchianya nke ozo bu "nkịta ọhịa," kama nke ẹdude okwu ma ọ bụ "Masha". Iji chọpụta otiti na-ume iji ma nke ikpe nke.

Affixes na ha ajụjụ

Ọ bụla nwere ihe n'okwu ụfọdụ. Nominative azịza nke ajụjụ bụ "onye? Gịnị? ", The genitive ikpe -" onye? ihe ", dative -" onye? Gịnị "nnara -" Ònye? ? Na "instrumental -" site n'aka onye? karịa "prepositional -?" banyere? ihe? ". Ị nwere ike iji ajụjụ ndị a iji chọpụta nouns na adjectives nke ikpe.

Ụfọdụ affixes nwekwara ọzọ pretexts site nke ikpebi ihe ebe na-ewe okwu na a ikpe, na otú ọ ga-kagburu. Iji chọpụta otiti kwere tupu akọwapụta okwu kama iji Aịzik ọzọ akụkụ, n'ihi na ihe atụ, maka genitive - "ọ dịghị" (onye ọ bula ihe?), N'ihi na dative - enye "", nnara - "na-ata ụta" instrumental - "ike", prepositional - " m na-ekwu. "

Iche nke ikpe na Russian asụsụ

The lexical pụtara mgbe a na-weere na ndabere nke òkè ha na-akpọ ikpe. Ọ bụrụ na ikpe na ụdị nwere ike ịdị na otu okwu, ọ na-akpọ prislovnoy. Ọ bụrụ na ikpe na ụdị na-ezo ozugbo na ha amaghị, ọ na-akpọ a ekpebi.

Ekpebi ụdị bụ na-emekarị na mmalite nke a ikpe, ọ na-adịghị gụnyere ahịrịokwu, na-esetịpụrụ ndị ụda maka dum ikpe. Ajụjụ ọ ga-ga na na ndabere nke ihe niile ma ọ bụ okwu, ma ọ bụ site dum ikpe ozugbo. Lee ya na-enye bụ mfe ezu, nke a na-emekarị bụ a nsogbu ma ụmụ akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ ụmụ akwụkwọ.

General lexical pụtara nke ikpe

Ụkpụrụ nke ikpe pụrụ nzuzo ma ọ bụ na-akọrọ, na ha nhọrọ nke na-enye na-arụ a nnukwu ọrụ ke syntax, ya enyemaka ọ bụ omume na-eme n'ọdịnihu iji nyochaa ẹdude amụma ma na-ekpebi ha okwu Ọdịdị. Ịza ajụjụ "Ònye? Gịnị? - ọ bụla ikpe, "ọ dị mkpa icheta abụọ ekwe omume ụkpụrụ.

The ihe uru nke ikpe pụtara na, dị ka ihe na-ezo aka ihe ahụ na-eduzi ya. Mgbe uru nke ikpe subektnosti edinam rụrụ site isiokwu, nke na-ekwupụta na mmekọrita thereto. Attributive uru nwere ike na-egosipụta na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ọtụtụ iberibe. Na adverbial ụkpụrụ ike ikpebi na-ala nke isiokwu si ele ihe anya nke e ji mara adverbial mmekọahụ. Mpụga nke a, Atiya bụ ọmụma na-egbo a uru nke ahụ nwere ike na-achọ abụọ okwu na Nchikota nwere otu ikpe iche-iche.

Private ụkpụrụ nke ikpe: nominative

E wezụga ihe ndị bụ isi ụkpụrụ nwere ike affixes na nzuzo, nke nwere ike dokwuo anya ọmụma nanị nwere ụlọ akwụkwọ dị elu larịị. The ụmụ akwụkwọ na-jụrụ ikpebi ikpe naanị ya n'ozuzu ya, mgbe ụfọdụ, n'ihi ya e nwere njehie na-apụghị ekwe ọbụna onye nkụzi, ogologo-echefu na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị mmemme.

Nominative ike nwere a Central, ebumnobi, a predicate, appositive, attributive, ihe ọmụma-jupụtara n'ime na adverbial uru. E nwekwara a ngosi nke nominative ebe a, okwu ahụ bụ na nke a, n'ihi na-akpụ a isiokwu maka inwekwu n'ihu nke akụkọ.

Private ụkpụrụ oblique ikpe: genitive

Ịnụ ajụjụ, "Ònye? Gịnị? - ọ bụla ikpe, "e nwere obere doro anya na nke a bụ genitive ?. Dịbigara genitive kewara priimennoe priglagolnoe na semantics na nke a doro anya-ezuru, mbụ e ji mara na Nchikota na aha R. n, na nke abụọ -. With ngwaa.

Genitive priimenny nwere otu uru, ma ọ bụ àgwà, nke dum, àgwà ntule, feature media ihe. E nwekwara a n'ihu ọnọdụ nke isiokwu ma ọ bụ uru nke ihe, na nnweta ọmụma na jupụtara n'ime ụkpụrụ dị ka partitive obiọma.

Genitive priglagolny nwekwara-aza ajụjụ "onye? ihe? ", a ikpe bụ iji chọpụta na e nweghị nsogbu. Ọ nwere a kpọmkwem ihe bara uru ke banyere a umi ma ọ bụ na-adịghị mma, nakwa dị ka na-atụ anya uru (na nke kwesịrị ekwesị ngwaa: arịrịọ chọrọ na-achọ, wdg ...).

Private ụkpụrụ oblique ikpe: dative

Dative na priimennymi priglagolnymi nwere akpan akpan ụkpụrụ. Ke akpa idaha ọ bụ a uru nke mpụga ihe na zigara otu edinam kpọmkwem site ngwaa. Ọzọkwa priglagolny dative nwere a uru nke subjectivity na -abụghị onye ahịrịokwu, mgbe ọ na-akpọ onye na-enwe ọnọdụ ma ọ bụ na-akpata.

Dative priimenny adịkarịghị eji oge a na Russian asụsụ na, n'eziokwu, akuko na lexical ihe dative adjective. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ bụ ike na-attributive uru nke na-enwe a aka nke ebe: na-eri nri na-azụ.

Private ụkpụrụ oblique ikpe: nnara

Nnara priimenny na oge a na Russian asụsụ fọrọ nke nta adịghị ime, ya mere, bụ tumadi eji priglagolny pụtara okwu nke ihe na-esote transitive ngwaa, ma ọ bụ uru nke jikoro nke ohere na oge.

Private ụkpụrụ oblique ikpe: ablative

Instrumental mgbe nwere uru priglagolnym edinam egbe, isiokwu, ọdịnaya, na adverbial uru. Ha nile na-n'ụzọ ụfọdụ na-atụ aro ihe na-egosi. Ihe ọmụma na-egbo a-ablative-predicative uru zuru ezu nso onye ọ bụla ọzọ na-eji na-eme nnyocha "e weere na-ụda," wdg Remix priimenny - .. Ụkọ asụsụ ahụ, ọ na-emekarị akuko priglagolnye uru.

Private ụkpụrụ oblique ikpe: prepositional

Prepositional ihu ọma nwere priglagolnymi ihe na adverbial ụkpụrụ na na-metụtara ma ọnọdụ, sensations, echiche ma ọ bụ okwu na ebe n'akụkụ nke edinam ga-erukwa.

Prepositional priimenny adịkarịghị eji na nwere yiri priglagolnomu uru. Ọ na-akacha eji mgbe ihe na-ekwu na ụkpụrụ, na àgwà, Njirimara na bụ determinative agwa.

ọgwụgwụ

Affixes na ha ajụjụ nwere ike inyere anyị aka ịmara bụghị naanị ụdị okwu, ma ya na ọnọdụ n'ime ikpe, nke na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na-arụ na morphological na syntactic analysis. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa ka ịkpọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ agwa nke kpaliri ka nke ọ na-egbu kwesịrị ịgụnye otu okwu.