Ọrịa ụbụrụ basal ntọala.

N'okpuru n'ụgbụgbọ nke ụbụrụ dị anatomically iche iche otu nke paired owuwu - na basal ganglia (ganglia). Ọnụ na ndị ọzọ nuclei ọkara na diencephalon ha mmetụta moto ọrụ, nke nwere ọrụ ọzọ karịa cerebellum. Ihe dị iche bụ na basal nuclei nke ụbụrụ ammamihe nwere dịghị ihe kpọmkwem input si ụbụrụ cortex. Ganglia emetụta moto cortex nke ụbụrụ aka cognitive na nke mmetụta uche ọrụ.

Basal ganglia budata emetụta ụbụrụ cortex. Ha dysfunction na-eduga ná emeghasịkwa nke mmegharị. The aghara bụ n'ihi na a dị ịrịba ama ọrụ mpụta usoro nke moto ikike. Ọ bụrụ na ndị basal ganglia nke ụbụrụ ammamihe na-gụrụ ọrịa, ihe mgbaàmà nke na-esonụ: isi Akwara ụda ma postcho. Basal ntọala nro ije aa na "mgbe na-amalite na-elu-" nke ụbụrụ cortex, na-inhibit achọghị ije. Edu ntule natara ke ukem. Malite site frontal ebe, somatic sensory na moto ebe, nakwa dị ka okpueze ebe, ụlọ arụsị, n'olu.

Ọrịa ụbụrụ basal ntọala ekewet nke striatum, gụnyere amygdala, nsu, lenticular na caudate ntọala.

- Mindaleobraznoe ahụ na-emi odude na temporal mpaghara. Na nke a mpaghara, jikọrọ ọnụ dịtụ thickened;

- ngere bụ outwards si na isi (oghere ekara). Ọ nwere n'ụdị a efere ọkpụrụkpụ nke abụọ millimeters. The n'ihu akụkụ na-thickened. On mpụta onu nke e ji mara bulging nke isi awọ okwu. Medial ókè ngere lari;

- lenticular ntọala emi odude eyi si caudate. Obere ụyọkọ nke na-acha ọcha okwu ekewa atọ isi akụkụ.

- na caudate ntọala abuana ke kpụworo nke elu mpi mpụta ventricle mgbidi.

The basal ganglia enweghị a kpọmkwem ụzọ na ọgidigi azụ. Site striatum na substantia nigra n'ógbè ntupu na medial acha bọl mere ndokwa inhibitory (GABAergic) emep uta eri. Ha ọtọ nghazi dabeere na-amụba mmetụta nke excitation nke thalamic nuclei n'ime ngalaba nke moto cortex maka ndị dị mkpa ije.

Organization apụtachaghị ìhè bụ nnọọ mgbagwoju anya. The usoro mejupụtara na n'igbochi na excitation nke thalamus na moto cortex ọzọ mpaghara. The nkebi mbụ nke track breeki mejupụtara GABAergic striatal ntule na mpụta globus pallidus. Ikpeazụ breeki eziga emep uta eri na ntọala nke thalamus. Ndapụta na-akpali akpali isi jupụtara emep uta eri. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha zigara chanwụrụ mpụta bọl. Ndị fọdụrụ emep uta eri na-eru ná reticular nkebi nke substantia nigra, na medial chanwụrụ okirikiri. Site na nke a, ọ pụtara na ọ bụrụ na rụọ ọrụ mmetụta nke kpọmkwem ụzọ nke striatum enwekwu excitatory ọrụ nke moto cortex, na anọ ụzọ ọrụ ebelata.

Dysfunction nke subcortical nuclei na-eduga ná mgbagwoju anya nke moto ikike. Ha na-aghọ ma oké ma ọ bụ abiaghi kpam kpam. Dị ka ihe atụ, ga-ebute ọrịa Parkinson. Ndị mmadụ na-na e doro dị otú ahụ na ọrịa, na-iru-nkpuchi. Na-eje ije na-eme na obere nzọụkwụ. Man bụ ike na-amalite na-akwụsị na-efegharị. E jijiji (tremor) aka na ụkwụ, ụba Akwara ụda. E nwere ọrịa Parkinson ruru ka conduction nke akwara esi gboo na ịda iwu nke umi striatum. The mmeri nke striatum na-eduga ná enweghị isi mmegharị: jerking olu na ọdịdị ihu mọzụlụ, toso, ogwe aka ya, ụkwụ ya. E nwekwara ike ịbụ ihe ubara ọrụ n'ụdị enweghị isi ije nke ahu.

Ná mmechi, ọ ga-kwuru a kpọmkwem mmekọrịta nke ndụ mmadụ-ike nke kwesịrị ịrụ ọrụ nke ụbụrụ. The nwetụrụ ndiiche na ụbụrụ na-eduga ná ọrịa dị iche iche, nkwarụ, na mgbe ụfọdụ ka ngụkọta mkpọnwụ. Ya mere, ihe ọjọọ ga-ezere, adịghị ekpughe onwe gị enweghị isi ihe ize ndụ na-enweghị isi n'ihe ize ndụ.