Pavlovsk Obí. St. Petersburg, Pavlovsk Obí

Ebe ọ bụ na 2005 Pavlovsk - a obere mara mma obodo dị na Pushkin district nke St. Petersburg. Ọ bụ nsogbu na Slavyanka River, 30 km si n'ebe ugwu isi obodo. Ruo mgbe 1796 na ọ bụ obodo nke Pavlovsk, tọrọ ntọala na 1777.

A obere akụkọ ihe mere eme

Na 1777, ala na Slavyanka osimiri ndagwurugwu ghọrọ onwunwe nke Paul Petrovich - Ukwu Duke Romanov. Manor bịara mara dị ka "obodo nke Pavlovsk." The dum ụkpụrụ ụlọ ensemble e kere na okè fọrọ nke nta ka afọ 50. The ogige e mere site na-ede akwụkwọ na n'obí ghọrọ Scot Charles Cameron, onye a kpọrọ Russia maka nhazi nke Tsarskoye Selo. Mara na nụchara anụcha Pavlovsk Obí e wuru na saịtị nke ochie osisi ụlọ. Ke adianade Cameron ya n'isi na mma na dị iche iche oge abuana A. N. Voronihin, K. I. Rossi, J .. Kvarnegi, V. F. Brenna. Pavlovsk obodo e kere dị ka ihe eze ukwu okpomọkụ obi, ma na 1788 Paul Petrovich kpebiri-enye ya nwunye-ya, na-ahapụ onwe ya Gatchina Obí.

A izu mgbe Pọl accession ocheeze, ọ aka ya nye iwu ka ịnyegharị obodo obodo nke na Pavlovsk.

Big Pavlovsk Obí

N'ihi ya size a Ọdịdị bụ nke ukwu ala karịa ọtụtụ ita-nri nke St. Petersburg, na yiri a ọgaranya ma mara Italian Amọraịt + na style nke-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Palladio. The isi nke n'obí aghọwo nnọọ kọmpat atọ-storey ụlọ, na ma akụkụ nke e nwere nku na curved veranda.

Ná mmalite, ihe owuwu nke ihu ya dị iche iche n'ebe onye anyị na-ahụ taa. Dị ka akụkọ ihe mere eme, onye-storey n'akụkụ veranda e kwukwara mgbe e mesịrị. Front facade nke ulo-na-mma na asatọ Corinth ogidi. The ụlọ a na-anyanya a dome mgbe spaced ogidi. The ọrụ na ulo uku eze, me-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Brenna, bụ onye ike budata mụbaa na-ewu na n'obí n'akụkụ pavilions na veranda. Nke a mere na ọbụna tupu Pọl bịara n'ocheeze.

The n'ime ime mma

Pavlovsk Obí, a foto nke ị pụrụ ịhụ n'isiokwu a, nwere a ịrịba iche ya na nlezianya anya na dara oké ọnụ n'ime ime mma. The n'ala atụmatụ a ndụ ụlọ, ime, ọmụmụ, ụlọ iri. Na nke abụọ n'ala bụ ogige, aha nke nke bụ nke a nnọchiteanya agwa.

Ebe a bụ World Hall na Ụlọ Nzukọ nke War. Ụfọdụ oge Wars Hall egwuri ọrụ nke Obere Ocheeze Ụlọ Nzukọ. Large Ocheeze Hall nọ South Hall nke Pavlovsk Obí. Owuwu Area 400 m ^2. Ibi ebe, nakwa dị ka staterooms - bụ a ụlọ, bụ nke dị na perimeta nke ulo. The atọ n'ala kpamkpam nyere ka ọfịs.

Center ụlọ ndị Italian Hall, emi odude n'okpuru dome. Ya isi mma bụ dara oké ọnụ chandelier, ọla na rubi iko na njedebe nke XVIII narị afọ. The mma nke ulo e gara site Brenna, Cameron, Voronikhin.

park ebe

Ọ bụrụ na ị kechioma na-abịa ka St. Petersburg, Pavlovsk Obí ga-abụrụ tinye n'ime gị nlegharị anya plan. Ị ga nwere anya na-ahụ abụghị naanị a ebube eze, ma ndị pụtara park na gburugburu ya. Ebe 600 acres na bụ a doro anya atụ nke English style park ewu. Ọ e ji na-emesi ike eke mara mma nke ọdịdị na-akpatụbeghị aka mmadụ.

Park mma na ọtụtụ ụkpụrụ ụlọ owuwu: Aviary, Pavilion nke Three graces, mmiri ara ehi, Turkish ngwá ụlọ, Italian steepụ. Na elu oche ị pụrụ ịnụ ụtọ a magburu onwe echiche nke osimiri ndagwurugwu. E nwekwara Temple nke Enyi. Nke a na-arụ ọrụ na-anọchi anya Cameron ochie gburugburu ụlọ nsọ, ndị perimeta nke nke na-setịpụrụ kanellirovannye Doric ogidi akwado dome.

Nature nke ogige mejupụtara a uka ili Na ubi Pink ulo-ǹdò-. Na n'ebe ndịda nke ogige na a obere na nnọọ mma ụlọ nsọ oge ochie na-akpọ "Ncheta ka nne na nna." Ọ e wuru na 1786, na Grand Eze Nwanyị Ukwu Maria Fedorovna. Ke adianade do, ọ bụ mgbalị dịgide ebe nchekwa nke nwunye-ya, nyere iwu ka mausoleum ngo pathetic epitaph "mo-onye enyemaka."

Pavlovsk na XIX-XX ọtụtụ narị afọ

Isi ihe mere na obodo nke dị n'etiti nke XIX narị afọ, - bụ ntoputa nke Tsarskoye Selo ụgbọ okporo ígwè na-ejikọrọ na ọ na St. Petersburg. Terminus ghọrọ Pavlovsk. Station ngo Shtakenshnejdera-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ ghọrọ center nke egwú ndụ ke ndaeyo na St. Petersburg. E nwere ìgwè ndị agha na-agba ọsọ G. Mansfeld, B. Bilsen, Strauss nke Nta. Concerts ekenịmde MM Ippolitov-Ivanov, A. K. Glazunov, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ maara nke ọma-arọ na egwú.

Ruo mgbe 1917, ndị Pavlovsk Obí nọgidere na obi nke Russian eze ukwu. Na 1918, e nwere a ngosi nka "Pavlovsk Obí." N'otu afọ na obodo e renamed na nsọpụrụ nke Slutsk revolutionary V. Slutskaya.

Na 1941 ndị Nazi jide Pavlovsk Pavlovsk Obí e idiọk mebiri emebi. Iri puku kwuru iri puku nke osisi e gbuturu, emebi pavilions, ọkụ n'obí, bibie ojii. Soviet agha tọhapụ obodo na January 1944. Nke ahụ bụ mgbe ọ na-nwetara ya akụkọ aha. Fọrọ nke nta ozugbo ha malitere imezu nwughari-arụ ọrụ, bụ nke a nọgidere ruo mgbe 1971. Na afọ Ocheeze na Cavaliers Hall e meghere ka ọbịa.

picture gallery

Nke nta nke nta ọ e weghachiri eweghachi na ogige ya. Na-elekọta ndị na-arụ ọrụ nke architects SV Popov-Gunich, F. F. Oleynik, IG Kaptsyug, Yi Sinica, VB Mozhayskaya. The kasị ike akụkụ na mweghachi were niile ngosi nka mkpara, dị ka nke ọma dị ka ya director nke Ai Zelenova na mụta iwu nke ngosi nka AM Kuchumov.

Collection nke Pavlovsk Obí

Ha guzobere bụ n'ihi na ịga Europe nwe ya na. Inweta a maara nke ọma-nwe-ha, ha nwetara ihe ọkpụkpụ, eserese, bronzes, poselin tent, pụrụ iche silk akwa. ụwa na-ama Museum nke ngwaahịa nkà na crafts na ezi nkà. A pụrụ iche ebe ke exposition e nyere a collection of nkà oge ochie, ihe atụ nke Russian na Western European omenala nke XVIII narị afọ.

The ngosi nka nwere kasị zuru ezu collection nke kasị mma poselin na-anọchi anya na njedebe nke XVIII na mmalite nke XIX narị afọ. Arịa ụlọ, karịsịa-akpali n'ihi na akụkọ ihe mere eme - ọrụ nke German na French nwe. Agachoputa mmasị bụ na ngwá ụlọ Eserese A.Voronihina. Ọtụtụ n'ime ụlọ nke ulo-e wepụrụ pụrụ iche tapestries. Ke adianade do, ihe ngosi nka nwere a obere collection of tụrụ atụ, miniatures, eserese, Chandeliers na clocks.

Gatchina: Pavlovsk Obí

A magburu Ọdịdị na-emi odude n'ikperé Silver Lake. O wee malite iwu na 1765 site na iji nke Eze Nwanyị Ukwu Catherine II. Ọ bụ na-enwetụbeghị ụdị ha na-emesapụ aka onyinye Eze Nwanyị Ukwu mmasị Gụọ Orlov. N'ihi ya, na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Rinaldi wuru a n'obí, nke yiri a ịchụ nta nnukwu ụlọ na elu na ala amaokwu. Ya na-ewu were fọrọ nke nta ka afọ 16.

Isi n'ọnụ ụzọ bụ a kpụrụ akpụ nke Markiori Morleytera na "Ikpe ziri ezi", "Agha", "Udo", "akpachara anya". obodo eke nkume - n'ihi na oge mbụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian ije nke ụlọ n'ihu a eke ihe e etinyere. Obí na-mere na ndị oge gboo style, n'ụbọchị ndị ahụ, a kpam kpam ọhụrụ na-amaghị.

Gụọ Orlov, n'anya okomoko, colossal chebere ego maka resettlement nke obí eze, ma n'oge na-adịghị tụgharịa ya n'ime a ebube obibi. Mgbe ọnwụ ya, Catherine zụtara a onyinye si n'aka ndị nketa nke Orlov ya nye nwa-ya Paul m - ọdịnihu nke Russian Emperor.

The ọhụrụ nwe wughachi Pavlovsk Obí gị chọọ. Nwughari gwara site ama-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Brennus. Mgbe ya ẹkụre na obí n'otu oge malitere yiri a sturdy e wusiri ike na suburban Amọraịt. Gbanwere n'ime ime mma ụba Ụlọ Nzukọ Alaeze na veranda n'ikuku ụlọ ịghọ ezi ihe atụ nke Russian classicism ebube XVIII na XIX ọtụtụ narị afọ.

Site 1801 na 1828 afọ nke Pavlovsky n'obí bụ nwaanyị di ya nwụrụ nke m Pọl, Eze Nwanyị Ukwu Maria Feodorovna. N'oge dị iche iche, a pụrụ iche obi ekesịpde site na Russian President: Nicholas m, Alexander II, Alexander III, Nicholas II.

Olee banyere anyị taa n'obí

Nazi Retreat ha na 1944, ọkụ n'obí, Otú ọ dị, ekele restorers, ngosi nka mkpara na-elekọta mmadụ na-enyere aka Pavlovsk Obí na Gatchina ngwa ngwa e weghachiri eweghachi, ma ihe ngosi nka ghọrọ dị ka ọha na eze na na 1985. Ụfọdụ ụlọ Gatchina n'obí weghachiri ụbọchị anyị.