Guzobere, Akụkọ
Persian mkpọsa nke Peter 1 (1722-1723). Russian-Persian agha
Persian mkpọsa 1722-1723 gg. Ọ mere na ndịda-ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Caucasus na Dagestan. Ya ihe mgbaru ọsọ bụ iji weghachi ahia uzo si India na Central Asia na Europe.
prerequisites
Peter ugwo ukwuu anya ka aku na uba na ahia. Na 1716, o zigara a detachment Bekovich-Cherkassky na Bukhara na Khiva site na Caspian Sea. N'oge njem na ọ dị mkpa na-amụ ụzọ India, inyocha gold ego na ala esịmde nke Amu Darya. Ke adianade do, ọrụ bụ ekpek Emir nke Bukhara na enyi, na Khan nke Khiva ka ụmụ amaala Russia. Ma akpa njem bụ kpamkpam ọdachi. Khivan Khan mekwara Bekovich-Cherkasskiy achụsakwa detachment, mgbe ahụ, dara na onye dị iche iche, na-ebibi ha. Persian mkpọsa nke Peter 1, bụkwa n'ihi ozi nyere ndị nnọchiteanya nke Israel Ori si Syunik Melik. Na ya na ha jụrụ Russian Tsar enyemaka. Peter kwere nkwa ijere support mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke agha na Sweden.
Ọnọdụ na n'ụsọ oké osimiri
History of Persia, n'oge narị afọ nke 18 ka ndị ji ụba na-eme Eastern Caucasus. N'ihi ya, isiokwu niile na ala gbara osimiri okirikiri n'ókèala Dagestan. Persian mmiri achịkwa ndị Caspian Sea. Otú ọ dị, nke a emeghị gwụsịa esemokwu obodo-achị achị. Na Dagestan mere ọgụ. Ha ji nwayọọ nwayọọ ghọọ aka, na Turkey. All ndị a nsogbu Russia. The ala mere ahia site Dagestan East. N'ihi na ọrụ nke Persia ụzọ niile na-ebipụ. Russian ahịa ahụhụ nnukwu losses. All nke na-adịghị mma na ọnọdụ na-egosi na steeti àkù.
The ozugbo akpata
Mmeri na nso nso gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Northern War, Russia amalitela ịkwadebe maka eziga agha na Caucasus. The kpọmkwem ihe kpatara ya bụ na ohi na-eti eti nke Russian ahịa na Shamakhi. The ndutịm nke agha ghọrọ Lezghian nwe Daoud Bey. August 7, 1721 njikere ìgwè bibie Gostiny Dvor Russian ụlọ ahịa, tie na chụgara ndị clerks. Lezgins na Kumyks zuuru ibu uru banyere ọkara nde rubles.
ọzụzụ
Russian Emperor mụtara na Shah Tahmasp II e meriri site Afghans na ha isi obodo. Na steeti ọgba aghara malitere. E a ize ndụ bụ na Turks, na-ewere uru ọnọdụ, mbụ agha na ga n'ihu Russian na Caspian Sea. Eyigharị Persian mkpọsa bụ nnọọ ize ndụ. Preparations malitere na oyi. Na Volga obodo nke Yaroslavl, Uglich, Nizhny Novgorod, Tver malitere ọkụ ọkụ na-ewu ụgbọ mmiri. Na 1714-1715 gg. Bekovich-Cherkasskii mapped ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ugwu Caspian coasts. Na 1718-m nkọwa mekwara Urusov na Kozhin, na 1719-1720. - Verdun na Soimonov. Ya mere n'ozuzu map nke Caspian Sea e weere.
atụmatụ
Persian mkpọsa nke Peter 1 e kwesịrị na-amalite site Astrakhan. O zubere aga n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Caspian Sea. Ebe a na ọ na-azọrọ na e weghara obodo nke Derbent na Baku. Mgbe ahụ, ọ na-zubere gaa osimiri. Hens, ka e ebe ewusiri ike. Mgbe ahụ ụzọ gara Tiflis aka Georgians na-agha ọchịchị Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman. Site n'ebe Flotilla bụ na-abata na Russia. Na omume nke ntiwapụ nke agha kpọtụụrụ na Vakhtang VI (King of Kartli) na na Astvatsatur m (Armenian Catholicos). Astrakhan na Kazan ghọrọ emmepe nke ọzụzụ na mkpọsa nzukọ. Nke 80 ubi ọnụ e kere 20 battalions. Ha ọnụ ọgụgụ 22 puku. People. 196 ogbunigwe iberibe. Na ụzọ Astrakhan Peter ka kwetara na-akwado Kalmyk Khan Ayuka. Dị ka a n'ihi nke detachment sonyeere Kalmyk agha, bụ ndị 7 puku. People. June 15, 1722 eze ukwu ahụ rutere Astrakhan. N'ebe a, o kpebiri iji zipu 22,000 Marines na oké osimiri, na asaa dragoon regiments (9 puku ndị mmadụ ..) - nweekwa si Tsaritsyn. The ikpeazụ iwu nke Major General Kropotov. On n'ala dị ka Don na Ukrainian Cossacks e zigara. Ke adianade do, goro bụ 3000 Tatars. Na Kazan Admiralty ụgbọ mmiri na-wuru (ngụkọta 200) maka 6 nke. Ọkwọ ụgbọ mmiri.
Manifesto na Peoples nke Caucasus na Persia
E bipụtara 15 (26) nke July. Na-ede nke ozi bụ Dimitrie Cantemir, onye na-elekọta nke mara ụlọikwuu ụlọ ọrụ. Nke a-isi nwere Oriental asụsụ, nke nyeere ya na-egwu a dị ịrịba ama ọrụ na mkpọsa. Cantemir emepụta inlaid Arabic script, kere a pụrụ iche na ngwa nbipute. The Manifesto a sụgharịrị Persian, Tatar na Turkish.
The akpa ogbo
Persian mkpọsa malitere site Moscow. Iji mee ngwangwa ọganihu na osimiri variables-akwọ ụgbọ epeepe a kwadebere n'ụzọ. Site na njedebe nke May, Peter rutere Nizhny Novgorod, on 2 June - Kazan, 9 - na Simbirsk, 10 - ka Samara, 13 - na Saratov, 15 - 1 Tsaritsyn, 19 - ka Astrakhan. 2,06 si Nizhny Novgorod na ekpe ogige na mgbọ na agha. Ha we je kwa Astrakhan. Ọ bụ ụgbọ mmiri ndị na ise e nyere ahịrị otu mgbe ndị ọzọ. On July 18, + Ụgbọ mmiri niile n'oké osimiri. Chief e tinyere Gụọ Fedor Matveevich Apraksin. July 20 Ụgbọ mmiri banyere Caspian Sea. N'izu, Fedor Matveevich Apraksin Court edu n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke ụsọ oké osimiri. Site n'oge August na isonyere ndị agha agha Kabardian. E nyere ha iwu site Knyaz Aslan-Bek Murza na Cherkassy.
Endirey
July 27, 1722, e nwere a ọdịda na Agrakhan Gulf. Russian eze nke mbụ steepụ n'ala nke Dagestan. Na otu ụbọchị, Peter zitere a detachment edu lagoro ezumike nka weghara Endireya. Otú ọ dị, na ụzọ mmezi nke akpiri a wakporo Kumyks. Highlanders na-ezo na nkume na n'ọhịa. Ha jisiri kwụsị ịkpa 2 ọrụ na 80 agha. Otú ọ dị, squad ngwa ngwa regrouped wee na-akpasu ya iwe. The onye iro e meriri, na Erdirey ọkụ. Ndị fọdụrụ severokumykskie isi kwuru na ha na zuru readiness na-ejere Russian. August 13, agha banyere Tarki. Ebe a, Peter zutere na nsọpụrụ. Shamhal Aldy Giray ọnọde Russian Tsar-adọkpụ, ndị agha natara mmanya, nri na nri. Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị, ndị agha banyere Utamyshskoe nketa ya, nke e odude adịghị anya site Derbent. N'ebe ahụ ka ha wakporo site 10000th detachment nke Sultan Mahmud. Otú ọ dị, Russian jisiri ise ndị agha gbaa ọsọ dị ka a N'ihi nke a obere agha. The obodo a ọkụ.
Derbent
The Russian Tsar bụ nnọọ ike n'ihe nye ndị kwetara na-atọgbọ, na nnọọ siri ike iguzogide. A na ozi ọma anya gbasaa asị. Na nke a, Derbent eguzogide enweghị. August 23 gọvanọ na ọtụtụ eminent ụmụ amaala zutere Russian n'ebe dị anya n'ebe ndị obodo. All dara ha ikpere, na-eweta Peter silver igodo ka n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá. Russian Tsar were gọvanọ obiọma na nkwa ghara izipụ ndị agha n'ime obodo. Otú ọ dị, a na-ekpo ọkụ welcome dị anya n'ebe niile ndị mmadụ, na predominantly Shia. Ha na-arụ a ùgwù, dị ka ide nke Safavid achị. Site August 30 Russian bịara district. Rubas na tọrọ ebe siri ike na ozugbo visiniti nke ókèala bi Tabasarans. N'okpuru ikike nke Peter ọtụtụ obodo nta. N'ihi na a ụbọchị ole na ole dum obi, nke dị n'agbata osimiri na Belbele Yalama, na-kwagara n'ime ido onwe ha n'okpuru Russian.
The mmeghachi omume ndị ọchịchị obodo
Ukwu na Dagestan dị iche iche àgwà ka ọdịdị nke Russian. Haji Davud anọwo na-akwadebe maka agbachitere. Ya allies Ahmed III na Surkhay gbalịrị nọdụ na ha onwe ha ngalaba, na-eche. Haji Davud maara nke ọma na naanị ndị ahụ kpara ga-enwe ike. Na nke a, o chere na Ahmed III na Surkhay aka, n'otu oge na-agbalị ka mma mmekọahụ na isi contenders nke Russian Tsar - na Turks.
Mmecha nke mbụ na-adọ
Persian mkpọsa aro isonyere bụghị naanị na Dagestan, ma ọ fọrọ nke nta dum Transcaucasia. Russian agha malitere ịkwadebe maka a nkwalite n'ebe ndịda. N'eziokwu, akụkụ mbụ nke tour dị n'elu. Gaa n'ihu ụzọ gbochie oké ifufe na oké osimiri, nke mere ka o sie ike ibufe nri. Russian eze ekpe a agha n'okpuru Colonel Juncker na Derbent, o wee na Russia na ụkwụ. On si osimiri. Sulak ọ tọrọ e wusiri ike. Holy. Obe maka agbachitere nke ókè-ala. N'ihi ya, Pita na ndị agha ya wee na mmiri na Astrakhan. Mgbe ọpụpụ ya, iwu nke ndị agha na Caucasus e bufere Major General Matiushkin.
Rasht
Site n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1722 n'ógbè Gilan egwu Afghan-arụ. Latest banye a nzuzo nkwekọrịta na Turks. Onye na-achị ógbè chigharịkwuuru Russian enyemaka. Matyushkin kpebiri egbochi iro. Ọ bụ iji ngwa ngwa kwadebere 14 Ụgbọ mmiri na ada 2 battalion na ogbunigwe. November 4 Ụgbọ mmiri nke Astrakhan na a ọnwa gasịrị wee na Anzali. Obere ọdịda obodo Rasht e weere enweghị a ọgụ. N'afọ na-esonụ, ke ini utọ Guilan e zitere uru na ego nke 2 puku. People. Marines na 24 egbe. Ha na-nyere n'iwu site Isi General Levashov. Ọnụ, ndị agha Russia ji dum n'ógbè. N'ihi ya, ọ e guzobere na-achịkwa akụkụ ebe ndịda nke Caspian Sea n'ụsọ oké osimiri.
Baku
Ọzọ nke Derbent Russian Eze Ukwu zigara obodo Lieutenant Lunin na ọkpụkpọ òkù na-atọgbọ. Otú ọ dị, Baku mmetụta Daud arịọ mmadụ. Ha na-adịghị ekwe n'ime obodo Lunin na jụrụ enyemaka nke Russian. June 20, 1773 Matyushkin gawa Baku si Astrakhan. July 28 ndị agha ba n'obodo. Power, na-anabata ha Matiushkin ẹmen igodo n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá. Mgbe na-ewere obodo, agha dị 2 caravanserais ma guzosie ike na-achịkwa ihe niile mkpa usoro ihe. Inwe natara ozi ọma na Sultan Mohammed Hussein Bey nọgidere na-eleta Haji Dawood, Matyushkin nyere iwu na-kpụrụ ya. Mgbe ahụ, ya ndị nwoke atọ na ihe onwunwe zitere Astrakhan. Derge Quli arịọ a họpụtara gọvanọ Baku. Ọ na-elu ahụ n'usoro nke ndị agha. Ka commandant họpụtara Prince Baryatinsky. Mgbasa Ozi 1723 kwere ẹkemụm nta dum n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Caspian Sea. Nke a, n'aka nke ya, ime ka oké njọ ajọ mbunobi n'otú Haji Dawood. Adịkwa Caspian ógbè, ọ kwụsịrị ya ike ikeghachi otu nọọrọ onwe ha na ndị dị ike ikwu na ókèala Lezgistan na Shirvan. Haji Davud bụ n'oge ahụ na Turkish ụmụ amaala. Ha emeghị ihe ọ bụla na-akwado ya, n'ihi na ha nọ nnọọ na-na a mkpebi nke ha onwe ha nsogbu.
pụta
Persian mkpọsa bụ nnọọ ihe ịga nke ọma maka Russian ọchịchị. Ọ n'ezie ike na-achịkwa ahụ n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Eastern Caucasus. The ịga nke ọma nke Russian agha na mbuso agha nke Ottoman agha amanye Persia banye a udo nkwekorita. A tụrụ ya mkpọrọ na Petersburg. Na dị na Agreement nke 12 (23) na September 1723, na Russian pụrụ nnukwu ebe. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ ndị Shirvan ógbè Astrabad, Mazandaran, Gilan. Kwagara Russian Tsar na Rasht, Derbent, Baku. Si na-aga n'ihu na akụkụ bụ isi nke Caucasus, Otú ọ dị, ọ ga-agbahapụ. Nke a bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na n'oge okpomọkụ nke 1723 na ókèala nke Ottoman agha odụk. Ha bibiri Georgia, na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ala nke oge a na Azerbaijan na Armenia. Na 1724, na Porte e banyere Constantinople nkwekorita. Dị ka ya, onye ọchịchị ahụ ghọtara nnweta nke Russian alaeze na Caspian region na Russia, n'aka, - ya ikike ókèala ndị Western Caucasus. Mgbe e mesịrị na enyi na Turks ukwuu njọ. Iji gbochie a ọhụrụ agha Russia ọchịchị na-nwere mmasi njikọ aka ha na Persia, laghachi na ya niile Littoral n'ókèala Ganja inem na Rasht nkwekọrịta.
ọgwụgwụ
Peter-adọ malitere ya mkpọsa. Ịga nke ọma ya mbo a zuru ezu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị mmadụ, ụgbọ mmiri na egbe. Ke adianade do, Russian Tsar ike Nweta nkwado nke ndị agbata obi. Ha ngwa ngwa zara ya arịrịọ. Dị ka ihe atụ, Russian agha na-replenished Kabardian agha, goro site Tatars. Kama haziri ahazi ọzụzụ were ebe a ibugo onu. Ọ na-ada a dum bụ bụghị ọtụtụ oge. Of otu dị mkpa ná mkpọsa anyị nwere ụgbọ mmiri. Ha hụ Iweputa ọkọnọ nke ndokwa. Dịkwa mkpa bụ Russian usoro eduzi. Nyere na ebe ị na-amaghị, ha na-enwe ike ịchịkwa fọrọ nke nta dum n'ókèala. Big nsogbu nwere ike ịnapụta Russian Turks. Ha na-agbalịsi ike nsogbu na Haji Dawood. Ọ, n'aka nke ya, na-enwe mmetụta ndị Society na ndị ọzọ na-achị achị. O sina dị, ọbụna nke a nwere ike igbochi mmejuputa atụmatụ nke Peter. Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị maka mgbụsị akwụkwọ ifufe na Caspian Sea, ọ bụ nnọọ ihe kwere omume ọ ga-ọganihu ọbụna n'ihu. Otú ọ dị, e kpebiri ịlaghachi. Otú o sina achịkwa n'ókèala ndị agha Russia. Ọ hụrụ ọtụtụ ulo-agha. Ke obodo na obodo na management nke Russian ọrụ nche ahụ ugbu a. Na ókèala nke Eastern Caucasus na oge nke ọpụpụ Peter na Russia na ọ dịghị otu n'echeghị echiche mmezi. Ọnọdụ na-mgbagwoju anya n'ihi na ụfọdụ mountaineers Nkịtị ahụ ndị jikọrọ aka. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha nwere ike na-etinye na-eguzogide, ma-ewere n'ime akaụntụ inequality nke agha họọrọ atọgbọ. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na-alụ ọgụ wee ebe na-enweghị ọbara ma ọ bụ na obere weere na Russian n'akụkụ. Nke a bụ n'ụzọ bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na ọchịchị ndị a maara omume nke Pita na-anọkwanụ n'okpuru. Ọ bụrụ na ọ sịrị na ọ ga-izipu agha n'ime chụọ àjà ha onwe ha obodo, mgbe ahụ ọ ga-nkwa. Ma ike zuru ezu iguzogide Russian natara. The isi bụ kpọọ nke Baku. Na Russian-arụ nke ndị obodo meriela fọrọ nke nta dum n'ụsọ oké osimiri. Ọ bụ ihe kasị oru oma na kasị ọdịdọ. Megide backdrop nke a na-adịbeghị anya mmeri na Northern War, ịga nke ọma nke Persian mkpọsa ọbụna ihe uku Russian Tsar. Ọ kwesịkwara iburu n'uche na na mba ndị eze ukwu na-achụ ifịk mgbanwe eburu Europeanization ala. All a ọnụ mere ka Russia ike n'ezie mba, nke na-ekere òkè ndị mba ọzọ mmekọahụ ghọrọ amanyere bụ iwu.
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