Pie ntọala ji aka ya: nzọụkwụ site nzọụkwụ ntụziaka, technology

N'ihi obere ụlọ na a nnukwu njupụta nke banyere 1000 kg / m ^3, otu nke kasị mma ngwọta bụ ntọala nke ogidi ndokwa ke ala na ụfọdụ omimi. Okwu banyere otú iwu a pie ntọala jiri aka ya na nzọụkwụ site nzọụkwụ ndu bụ nnọọ adabara ọbụna maka onye nwere ndị mbụ nkà nke ewu.

Iji mee nke a nke ọma na-ahọrọ nri ihe, gbakọọ na matakwuo na ndị na-ewu technology na zuru ezu.

Ọ bụrụ na ị-elekwasị anya na reviews nke mmepe, na uru nke columnar ntọala nke na-esonụ:

• nnukwu iche iche nke ụdị ihe na-ekesa ibu n'ụzọ ziri ezi;
• anabata na-eri na ala oriri nke ihe;
• ala olu nke na-ewu;
• mma mmegharị elu ibu.

N'ihi na arọ ụlọ na na a elu larịị nke ala adịghị mma pie ntọala.

Olee gbakọọ ntọala

Na onwe ha imewe ụlọ mgbe niile mara ihe ihe ọ ga-wuru.

1. Definition nke ibu na ụlọ. The arọ nke n'akụkụ nile nke ulo-ekpebi a snap. Iji ndị a na-kwukwara na n'oge a kara aka ibu ibu n'ime ihe. Ọ na-elebara mmetụta grillage ejikari arụpụtara si ihe na a nnukwu njupụta nke 2400 kg / m ^3.

2. Evaluation ala agwa. Pie ntọala maka ụlọ a na-ewuli ji aka ya na-emekarị ọ dịghị laabu anwale ihe ndị mejupụtara na Njirimara nke ala. Isi egosi bụ ya iguzogide, nke a kpebisiri ike dị ka tebụl na echekwara n'ime 1-6 kg / cm ^2. Ya uru na-adabere na ihe ndị mejupụtara na porosity nke ala.

3. The ego nke support. Ịgba ike nke ogidi dị chọrọ nkwado n'elu. Abụkarị itinye gwụ ikpo. Ọ na-achọsi ike na na ala ha bụ ndị ndọtị (akpụkpọ ụkwụ). Ọ dị mkpa ka gaa na akaụntụ ahụ mejupụtara nke ihe na mkwado. The pitch n'etiti akwado na-adabere na ngụkọta oge na adịghị gafere 2,5 m. Chọpụta ọnụnọ ha na niile akụkụ na nkwụsị nke mgbidi, n'okpuru osisi ma ọ bụ ebe lekwasị ibu.

ntọala ihe

Ị nwere ike ịhọrọ a ọtụtụ nhọrọ na otú iwu a columnar ntọala ji aka ya. Materials pụrụ ịbụ nnọọ dị iche iche, ma ha ga-abụ nke ezi mma. Ha bụ ndị a:

• osisi - ìhè ụlọ, saunas;
• red brick - maka nkezi ogo obibi;
• Mwute nkume - maka ụlọ na a dara nha akụkụ;
• mesikwuru ihe - maka oké ụlọ.

Pie ntọala na rafti. Ụkwụ na Ụkwụ site nzọụkwụ ntụziaka na ụlọ

Construction ụlọ bụghị otú ike mgbe niile na-arụ ọrụ na-ekewa iche iche na oyiri nzọụkwụ, agafe were were otu n'ime ọzọ. Ọ bụrụ na elu pie ntọala ji aka ya, nzọụkwụ site nzọụkwụ ntụziaka kwesịrị ịgụnye niile n'ụzọ nke ọrụ:

1. Nkwadebe. Sụrụ ewu na saịtị na n'okpuru ntọala oyi akwa a na-ewepụ topsoil. Ọ bụrụ na e n'okpuru ala nwere ụrọ, ga-eme ka backfill oyi akwa ájá na gravel.

The n'elu ikpo okwu na-kwekọọ na kwụ eji a larịị. Iji ọ na-enye a adaba ụgbọala ekpochi na ihe na agwa na ihe.

2. okirikiri nhọrọ ukwuu atụmatụ n'ụlọ. First akara contours nke ụlọ na ebe ogidi, nke na-emi odude nditịm tinyere anyụike. Nkuku nke ulo ntọala ga-ọtọ. Iji nyochaa correctness daa site center edoghi, nakwa dị ka ala elu nke ékpè na mkpa oru ngo.

3. The igwu ala nke olulu maka ogidi. Fundam bụ melkozaglublennym (70-100 cm) na a ọkọlọtọ (100 cm). The mbụ nhọrọ dị mma ruru eru ka nkume na aja ala. On ụrọ na udu mmiri ngalaba okporo osisi ga-kụnyere n'ime oké omimi. Olulu igwu ala adịghị mkpa: omume okporo osisi hama ma ọ bụ achọ ịghasa ikpo. Kacha ọsọ na ọnụ ala ụzọ bụ igwu olulu ma jupụta ha na ihe.

4. concreting. Na na ala nke olulu-etinye ohiri isi si a ngwakọta nke ájá na gravel. Ogwe osisi na-concreted kpọmkwem n'ime ala mgbe ọ na-adịghị na-asa. Na ndị ọzọ nile ikpe ka formwork nke ndị na-esonụ ihe:

- Boards, a obosara adịghị nnọọ 155 mm, Planed site na ihe.

- chepụtara metal ọta.

- seramiiki ọjà, Asbestos ma ọ bụ metal. Ọtụtụ reviews na-ekwu banyere uru nke eji ọkpọkọ, karịsịa na mkpọda na-agbanwerịta ibe ha na omume rụrụ ala.

- roofing chere, coiled na mesikwuru na waya ma ọ bụ waya ntupu n'èzí.

Na na ala nke mpịakọta na-agbakọta na a waterproofing yitewere mgbidi iji gbochie leakage nke ngwọta site a nchawa shuttering.

5. Nwụnye nke oyiyi akwa. Ogidi na-mesikwuru longitudinally na ígwè mkpara. Ha na-arụnyere ekwesị n'olulu na ibikwa n'olu. Part mkwado ga-ekwu na 15-30 cm n'elu ntọala maka inwekwu ogige na grillage.

6. Nwụnye ogidi. Ọ bụrụ na The Anvil na-ịtụkwasị ihe, ọ na-nri na oru n'ígwé vibrator. Ghara ịnọgide n'ime uji eze dịkwuo ike. The ihe ekwesịghị ịbụ oke mkpa ma ọ bụ oké, ka n'ihu na-enye ume dị mkpa iji gbochie cracks. Tupu a chọrọ ike nke ya ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri film na moisturize.

Mgbe agbasa pie ntọala nke brik ji aka ya, ọ ekekọtara eji ciment ngwa agha.

Ndiiche si kwụ na-ekwe ọ dịghị ihe karịrị 15 mm. Iji gbazie imbalances na-eme n'ọdịnihu ga-esi ike. Na a ibikwasị kwesịrị gaps.

Mgbe Jizọs gwọchara, nkwado ntekwasa na mastic ma ọ bụ bitumen maka waterproofing. Coatings etinyere na 2 mkpuchi na-ebikwasị therebetween na-abụghị nke roofing ihe onwunwe ibe.

Njehie na tọkwara ntọala

Developers onye-ewu ụlọ na ha onwe ha, ekwesịghị ikwe ka ọdịda na ntọala, n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na-emetụta ndị anwụ ngwa ngwa nke ụlọ. N'ọnọdụ ka ukwuu, ndị na-esonụ njehie:

1. Mkpumkpu subsidence nke ihe owuwu n'ihi ezughi oke omimi nke ha dị iche iche ogidi ma ọ bụ ozu.
2. The mkpumkpu nkesa nke ibu na okporo osisi ya.
3. Jiri maka owuwu nke ala-na-edu ihe.
4. Ọ bụghị inyocha ihe ndị mejupụtara na àgwà ala.

Iji nweta nri na-ewu a pie ntọala ji aka ya, nzọụkwụ site nzọụkwụ ntụziaka ga-n'ụzọ zuru ezu na-emejuputa atumatu n'oge na-ewu.

Manufacturing nke grillage

N'ihi na ibu guzozie na okporo osisi ma gbochie mpụta ije n'ụlọ ntuziaka maka eke ntọala-enye nkịtị columnar akwado na a nkịtị monolithic Ọdịdị site na iji rafti ntọala - kwụ nkwado Ogwe. Ya ngwe n'ịdị elu site na ala ozo.

Eji maka owuwu nke osisi, metal profaịlụ ma ọ bụ ihe. Akpan akpan anya na-akwụ ụgwọ n'ókè nke nkekọ grillage okporo osisi dị ka pụrụ ịdabere na ya na-ekpebi nke kwụsiri ike nke ụlọ.

Maka owuwu nke mesikwuru ihe ntọala nke ụlọ na perimeta na na ebe nke ibu-amị mgbidi nwere a osisi formwork. Inside na set nke etiti oyiyi akwa, ọ na-ike jikọtara projecting mkpara ogidi, na mgbe enịm ihe mix. N'elu grillage kwekọọ ma kaa akara film si ihicha si.

Mgbe ihe attains ike, waterproofing na ndokwa n'elu-amalite echichi nke ala na mgbidi cocking.

Full nzukọ ntụziaka columnar ntọala na-agụnye ime ihe na ndokwa nke waterproofing Zabirko.

waterproofing grillage

Top grillage mere waterproofing. Ọ na-onwem na a dịgasị iche iche, nke kasị nkịtị na-:

1. Etinyere n'elu nke bitumen na weere na ọ na-tọrọ roofing ihe onwunwe.
2. On grillage grout tọgbọrọ ngwakọta na ájá 1: 2. Mgbe ahụ plank roofing ihe onwunwe.

The ngwaọrụ Zabirko

Underground ohere na-echebe site na weathering ndokwa Zabirko - fencing nke na-akwado. Ọ na-mere nke osisi, brick ma ọ bụ nkume. N'okpuru mgbasa screed nke ihe na-eje ozi dị ka ihe ndabere. Iji mee nke a, akpa-eme ka a dọrọ na kpuchie ájá ala. N'ihi screed setịpụrụ nke formwork mbadamba na nwee ume onu. Communication Zabirko na-akwado na-eme iji zere ọdịdị cracks na ya na draft ụlọ.

Cap-agbalị ime ndị dị n'elu, nke mere na ihe owuwu ahụ mara mma. Ọ kwekọrọ na elu nke na-akwado.

Columnar-warara ntọala

The isi nke ogidi, jikọtara na a monolithic ihe etiti, agwakọta niile uru nke ma ụdị nke bases. Mgbe wuru columnar-warara ntọala, nzọụkwụ site nzọụkwụ ntụziaka sobldaetsya bụ otu ihe ahụ dị ka na-ewu a rafti. Akwado banye anya n'ime ogbu, eke a nchedo n'oge a kara mmegharị ala.

Ha na-ọnwụ jikọọ a belt melkozaglublennym isi, na-agafe n'okpuru ibu-amị Ọdịdị nke mgbidi. The dum Ọdịdị jupụtara ihe n'otu oge, adịru oge ọ na-aghọ a siri ike ma monolithic. Mgbe na-akwadebe a ngwọta onwe ha ihe stacked n'ígwé. The ojiji nke vibrators a chọrọ iji wepụ dị ukwuu dị ka o kwere site na uka nke ikuku egosipụta.

ọgwụgwụ

Iche iche nsụgharị nke columnar ntọala na ọtụtụ-eji na onwe ụlọ ụlọ. Ọ na atụmatụ elu pụrụ ịdabere, ngwa ngwa na-ewu na kacha nta na oriri nke ụlọ ihe.

Inwe nkiti nkà, ọtụtụ mmepe nwere ike iru a pie ntọala ji aka ya. Nzọụkwụ site nzọụkwụ ntụziaka ga-enyere iji zere emehie na-eme ka a pụrụ ịdabere na ndabere.