Pilot Stepan Mikoyan: biography, photos

Stepan Mikoyan - Soviet ule pilot, ugbo elu, dike nke USSR, njide nke iwu nke Lenin na Uhie Banner, a ndụ e jikọtara ya na ugbo elu. Ọ bụ ya na-ahụ maka ijikwa ama "Buran" - Space Shuttle, nke na-anwale na-akwa ihe ịga nke ọma November 1988

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Mikoyan Stepan Anastasovich, onye biography a kọwara n'isiokwu a, a mụrụ na Tiflis (ugbu a Tbilisi) 12 July 1922 Nna Anastas Ivanovich Mikoyan bụ a maara nke ọma Soviet party na ala ndú ya, na nne Ashkhen Lazarevna Tumanyan. Alụmdi na nwunye ha bụ ogologo na nke obi ụtọ. Na okwu nke Stepan Mikoyan, o nwere ike na-echeta otu oge mgbe nne na nna ya na-ese okwu ma ọ bụ welie olu-ha. Ha mgbe na-akwanyere ibe oké ịhụnanya na nkwanye ùgwù.

The ezinụlọ Mikoyans nwere ụmụ ndị ikom ise. Ihe odide kasị ochie n'ime ha bụ Stepan. Ya atọ ụmụaka na aha mgbe ama Baku commissars - Sergo Ordzhonikidze, Alekseya Dzhaparidze, Stepan Shaumyan na Ivana Fioletova, na onye Anastas Mikoyan mgbe nọgidere na-enwe mmekọrịta enyi na enyi. Nwoke nke abụọ aha ya bụ Volodya, dị ka ọ na a mụrụ a afọ mgbe ọnwụ nke VI Lenin. All ụmụ nọrọ ezumike na obi "Zubalovo". Dị ka Stepan Mikoyan, na ọ bụ nnukwu ebe, nchọ site akwa brik mgbidi. Ma ebe na obi nke ya n'ebe ahụ bụ ihe ọzọ obi "Zubalovo-2", ebe Stalin na ezinụlọ ya biri.

Ebe ọ bụ na Anastas Ivanovich bụ a ma ama statesman, ọ bụ enyi na ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ si entourage Iosifa Stalina, nke na-ekemende repressed. Stepan maara ha niile, na nwata enyi na nwa onye ndú Vasiliem Stalinym.

omume ntụrụndụ igwe

Na 30s nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ, ọ fọrọ nke nta ọ bụla na-eto eto chọrọ jikọọ ndụ ya na ugbo elu. About mbara igwe ka ná nrọ nke ọtụtụ narị puku ndị Soviet akwụkwọ. M sokwa na diọkpara Stepan Mikoyan. Ke adianade do, a na-enwe ntụrụndụ nyeere nwanne nna ya Artem Ivanovich, onye n'oge ahụ a na-eto eto ụgbọelu.

Na August 1940, Stepan Mikoyan, tinyere a na enyi Timurom Frunze debara aha na Kachin efe efe akwụkwọ. A afọ mgbe e mesịrị, n'oge September 1941, ọ ọma gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ dị na obodo nke Krasny Kut (Saratov mpaghara.). Mgbe ahụ e zigara ya 8th nnọchi ndi agha guzo ke obere obodo Sennoy, dị nnọọ n'ebe ugwu nke Saratov. Ebe a, o nwere ngwa ngwa re-amụta ịnya ụgbọelu "Yak-1." Ke ufọt ufọt December nke otu afọ na nkesa nke Stepan Mikoyan (foto flyer adade ke ibuotikọ) abatakwa 11 nke Agha ndi agha, akụkụ nke 6 IAK PVO ma na-echebe na mbara igwe Moscow.

Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya

Obatara na ha na-aga, nwa pilot chọpụtara na ya ndi agha tupu ya ama ọgụ German agha n'ala. Otú ọ dị, maka ihe nile nke December na akụkụ nke January 1942, ọ na-jisiri mgbe ofufe na a ozi, dị ka oké ihu igwe na ọnọdụ ekweghị ka na-ebu ihe ọ bụla nọ n'ọrụ arụmọrụ na ikuku. Na mmalite nke serene ụbọchị Stepan Mikoyan malitere ịṅụ ya ụgbọelu "Yak-1" na flights, nzube nke nke bụ ikpuchi Soviet agha n'obodo Volokolamsk district na, akpan akpan, na ndi agha nke General L. M. Dovatora onye rụrụ site n'oge ruo n'oge raids nwere German-arụ ókèala.

Ọ bụ mba na nzuzo na ezi mgbe, Soviet ụgbọelu bịara n'okpuru ọkụ si iro antiaircraft egbe. N'ihi ya, ọ bụ otu n'ime ụbọchị January 1942, onye iro-emegide ugbo elu egbe amụ ihe ọkụ na anyị ugbo elu, e wezụga weather tụgharịa njọ sharply na e nwere a nnukwu snow. Ma, n'agbanyeghị nke a, skwodron ike n'ụzọ ziri ezi adaa na runway ruru Stepanu Mikoyanu, bụ ndị maara na ọnọdụ nke n'okporo ámá nke Moscow, n'akụkụ aka Central Aerodrome na Moscow, ebe o biri ya 11 nke Agha ndi agha.

baptism nke ọbara

Na ngụkọta n'oge oyi nke 1941-1942. eto eto pilot dị ka akụkụ nke ya ndi agha mere 10 ọma flights, ma 11 nkeji nwere ike igbu ya. January 16 n'oge a cover of Istria, ya ụgbọelu n'ihi na ụfọdụ mkpari mberede kụrụ a abụọ onyeisi 562 nke ndi agha Mihailom Rodionovym. Stepan Mikoyan, onye biography nwere ike ịbụ na nke a na, ka na-esi n'ala ya dị ọkụ ụgbọala, ndị na-akwọ ụgbọelu ikwu, na afọ. The ọdịda nke Soviet ụgbọelu hụrụ obodo-eto eto. Ha dọkpụụrụ ndị ọkụ, na a gbajiri ukw a pilot nke ụzọ, na e nwere, ịchọta ụfọdụ sled, ada enye aka ubi n'ụlọ ọgwụ.

Mikhail Rodionov dara na-aga inye a ikpe, na onyeisi Mikoyan obibi mgbe ya mgbake. Ma nke a, ọ mgbe wee n'ụlọikpe. Ná mmalite June 1942, Senior Lieutenant Rodionov e gburu na ntụ agha nso Kaluga, n'ihi na nke ọ na mgbe ọ nwụsịrị ọdịda aha dike nke Soviet Union. Na Stepan nwere ịgwọ ha ọnyá nke a ole na ole ọzọ ọnwa.

ọhụrụ ugbo elu

Na August 1942 na Lyubertsy na ya ugbua atọ nchèghari bịara 434 nke Agha Aviation ndi agha, nke mesịrị ghọọ 32nd-eche ha nche. Ọ bụ ma ama maka eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọ na otu agha 26 ụgbọelu, onye natara aha Heroes nke Soviet Union. Ọnụ, ha gbara ala karịa 520 iro ugbo elu. Ekem, ke 1942, ndị regimental ọchịagha bụ 24-afọ dike nke Soviet Union Ivan Kleschev, na na-elekọta nke unit onwe ya Vasily Stalin.

Nwa nke onye ndú si na nwata maara ụmụnna Mikoyans - Stepan na Vladimir. Akpa, ndi agha were na-eto eto, na mgbe e mesịrị debara aha na nke abụọ. Mgbe agha lagoro ezumike nka onye na-eje ozi na ha n'akụkụ site n'akụkụ, a gwara anyị na ụmụnne abụọ bụ nnọọ dọọ aka ná ntị, uchu na umeala n'obi, otú ahụ ka ha fọrọ nke nta ozugbo sonyeere regimental ezinụlọ enyi na enyi.

Ná mmalite nke September 1942 MESỊRỊ pesonel nke ndi agha, nọdụ na iga ụgbọ elu ama ka Sennoy. N'ebe a, ụgbọelu nwere ịzụlite ọhụrụ fighter ugbo elu "Yak-7B", dị nnọọ rutere kpọmkwem site Saratov Aviation Plant. A ụbọchị ole na ole mgbe e mesịrị bịara ihe iji bugharia ọzọ airfield, emi odude nso ugbo "Stalingrad", nke bụ nnọọ 60 km si n'obodo. Kleschevsky ndi agha ozugbo edeba aha ya n'usuu nke 16 Army.

Ọgụ nkịta n'elu Stalingrad

The mbụ ọgụ ozi nke e guzobere ọhụrụ ndi agha nyere iwu onwe Ivan Kleschev. Ịhụ mbụ Stalingrad site na ikuku, ndị ahụ bịara ọhụrụ na-gburu ndị dị otú ahụ a ntem. Stepan Mikoyan mesịrị cheta na anya-ya abua hu a enwu enwu n'obodo. Black anwụrụ ọkụ si na ọkụ bilie ọtụtụ kilomita, o lere anya site site na-acha anụnụ anụnụ mmiri nke Don na Volga. Nke elu-igwe-ese ọtụtụ narị ugbo elu, ndị ọtụtụ n'ime ha German alụso na atụ bọmbụ.

Dị ka a maara, ndị regimental ọchịagha Kleshchev mgbe ẹkenam newcomers na Ọgụ nkịta nwayọọ nwayọọ. Na, n'agbanyeghị eziokwu na Stepan Mikoyan ama ụfọdụ ọgụ ahụmahụ nọ na mbara igwe n'elu isi obodo, na ọ o kpebisiri ike na ọ na-eso ụzọ. Nke a tactic-eto eto na-anya ụgbọelu na-enye nweta ọgụ ahụmahụ enweghị ukwuu n'ihe ize ndụ.

Suspension si ụgbọ elu

Otú ọ dị, nkera nke abụọ nke September bụ kasị njọ: naanị izu atọ dogfighting ndi agha bibie karịa 80 iro alụso. Ma weere ndị nnukwu nkewa: 25 ugbo elu na 16 ụgbọelu. N'etiti ndị nwụrụ anwụ bụ nwanne Vladimir Stepan Mikoyan. regimental ọchịagha Ivan onwe ya Kleshchev e kpọrọ merụrụ ahụ.

Mgbe ọnwụ nke nwanne ya nwoke Mikoyan Stepan Anastasovich e kwụsịtụrụ si na-efe efe site na iji nke iwu. Na ebe nchekwa nke Vladimir ụgbọelu na otutu ụgbọ elu me e dere "N'ihi Volodya!". Ná mmalite October, foduru nke ndi agha e zigara n'azụ. Ọtụtụ ọrụ e ọdịda aha dike nke Soviet Union, na Vladimir (mgbe ọ nwụsịrị) na Stepan e ọdịda agha iwu nke Red Banner.

War Mikoyan okokụre na n'usoro nke isi na e ọdịda abụọ agha ukpono. N'oge agha, ọ ga-anọ a ole na ole-agha onye iro ugbo elu, ma, dị ka akwụkwọ, tinyere 6 otu enweta nkwanye ya agha na akaụntụ.

Study na Engineering Academy

Na 1945, ndị Mikoyan mmeri lụọ nwunye ya ochie enyi Eleanor, ada ule pilot Petra Lozovskogo, bụ onye na mwute gburu mgbe na-efe efe a fighter ụgbọelu "M-4". Mgbe agbamakwụkwọ, nwa okorobịa ahụ banyere Air Force Academy. ne Zhukovsky na ngalaba nke Engineering. Ege ntị ndị ugbua nwere afọ, e kwere ka ofufe ụgbọelu na mkpofu nke Academy. Ọzụzụ ndi agha dị mgbe ahụ na obodo. Belopesotsky nso Kashira. Mgbe e mesịrị, ha atọ nwere ịmụta Kacha ọhụrụ fighter jets.

N'ihi ya ngụsị akwụkwọ oru ngo Mikoyan Stepan Anastasovich họọrọ siri na kama daring maka oge isiokwu. Ọ na-eche a supersonic kenkwucha fighter. Dịcha, niile ozi banyere mmepe nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu ugbo elu "mig-19" ọ natara site nwanne nna ya Anusha Mikoyan.

Stepan ngụsị akwụkwọ oru ngo duru site ama VF Bolkhovitinov na ọbụna tupu agha ahụ nọ na-emekwa ụfọdụ na-ewu arọ atụ bọmbụ "DB-A", na mgbe e mesịrị ihe e kere eke nke mbụ na Soviet Union agha mbibi "bi". N'ihi ya, anyị nwere ike ikwu hoo haa na Mikoyan na ụmụ klas ha site ọkachamara ụgbọelu na n'ibu injinia nọ nnọọ ná mmalite nke ihe e kere eke nke ugboelu ugbo elu.

ọrụ ike

Na August 1951, Stepan Ananstasovich nwetara elu ule itie ke NII Air Force. Ebe ọ nọrọ 23 ogologo afọ na-anwale dị iche iche ọgụ ugbo elu nke Yakovlev, Mikoyan na Sukhoi. Ọ, karịa onye ọ bụla ọzọ, o ọma jikọtara ọrụ nke pilot na ọnọdụ nke Sri ụzọ engineer.

Ebe ọ bụ na 1975 Stepan Mikoyan - na dike nke Soviet Union. Ọ akwụ ya a elu n'usoro ihe ọhụrụ ule nke interceptor "mig-25". N'ihi na ihe niile na oge ọrụ ya, o nwere ike ịmụta 102 dị iche iche nke ugbo elu, na-enwe n'otu oge ahụ na ikuku karịa 3.5 puku. Awa.

"Buran" usoro

N'afọ 1974 Stepan Anastasovich site na mkpebi nke ahụ ike na osisi e wepụrụ si ule nke ọgụ ugbo ala, ma ọ nọ na-ekwe ka na-arụ ọrụ na helicopters na iga na njem ugbo elu. Na afọ 56 nke afọ ọ maara na ọ ga-enwe ike otu ugboro ọzọ ọma gafere a ọgwụ ule, anyị na-anabata na-enye ịkwaga ọrụ ọzọ.

Na April 1978, ọ ghọrọ osote onye Mikoyan "Lightning" NGO isi mmebe. Ebe a ge Lozino-Lozinsky kere orbital ship "Buran". N'okpuru ọnọdụ ndị a, na ihe ekwesị oge wee na-akwakọba ọtụtụ ọrụ afọ ahụmahụ Stepan Anastasovich na nzukọ nke ụgbọ elu ule, mgbe e kpebiri ike ihe ikuku analogue nke ụgbọ mmiri, aha ya bụ "Product 002". Flight ule, bench na teknuzu ọzụzụ nke akwọ aka ke Mikoyan. Ọ na-ahụ maka oru na ezigbo "Buran" na ya mbụ na ikpeazụ ụgbọ elu n'ime ohere.

memoirs

Chịkọta, anyị nwere ike ikwu hoo haa na Lieutenant General Aviation Stepan Mikoyan fọrọ nke nta ná ndụ ya niile na ugbo elu, ma ọ bụ kama, ha piloting. Na ọbụna dị ka a 70-afọ isi awọ general, ọ ugboro ugboro ụgbọala na ụgbọala ya onwe ya, "Yak-18T".

N'agbanyeghị na ya na ọrụ n'aka, ọ ka hụrụ ndị oge dee a akwụkwọ. Biographical na ọdịdị, memoirs n'ụzọ ziri ezi na-egosi ndụ na Soviet Union na niile nke ihe o biri ndụ na otú o na-arụ ọrụ ya ma ama na-ede akwụkwọ Stepan Mikoyan. "Memoirs nke a agha ule pilot" ụzọ bịara na UK, na mgbe e mesịrị na Russia. Akwụkwọ a kpaliri oké mmasị bụghị naanị n'ihi na-akwọ ụgbọelu ma nkịtị, bụ ndị na-eche banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ala.