Agha nke Gross-Egersdorf. The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke oké mmeri nke ndị agha Russia

Anyị agha akụkọ ihe mere eme na-ezuru "-acha ọcha tụrụ". Ụfọdụ agha maara ikekwe na ọkachamara akụkọ ihe mere eme. Na nke a n'agbanyeghị eziokwu ahụ ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-egwuri a dị ịrịba ama ọrụ ọ bụghị nanị na na mmepe nke mba anyị, ma na-na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mba ndị ọzọ. Otú ahụ bụ agha nke Gross-Egersdorf. Ọ nwere abụghị obere mmetụta pụta nke Seven Agha Afọ, ma cheta ihe omume a adịghị kwa mgbe.

Brief Historical Background

Gross Egersdorf (Gross-Jägersdorf) - nka bu ebe nke agha, bụ nke mere 19 (30) na August 1757. Ọ e gara site Russia na Prussia. On otu akụkụ e nwere 28.000 mme Prussian agha, nyere n'iwu site Field Marshal na Lewald. Na ndị ọzọ - 55 000 Russian agha, iwu emejuputa atumatu oru site ọzọ ubi-Marshal, SF Apraksin.

Mara agha na ọ bụ baptism nke Russian agha na Seven Agha Afọ. Ọ bụ ihe megidere onwe na ebe a iji nọgide na akụkọ nke Great Victory nke Russian agha. Ọ dịghị ihe ma nwụrụ anwụ comrades na ụdi ihere ichighaazu, anyị agha bụghị perepalo. Ya mere, olee ebe anyị na-amalite site na narị afọ nke 18 na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russia?

prehistory

N'afọ ndị ahụ, Europe ama jisiri ichefu banyere ọgụ àgwà nke Russian agha. N'ezie, e nwekwara tupu Agha nke Polish na Austrian "ketara", ma ma ugboro n'agha Russian agha ka enyemaka nke òtù ndị "na-adịghị mkpa." Ya mere, Potr Lassi na 1735 ejisie iru nnọọ nke ụsọ Rhine, na Prince Repnin squad (13 afọ mgbe na) niile natara ozi ọma nke njedebe nke hostilities n'oge njem site n'ókèala Bohemia na Moravia. Nanị tinye, na oké agha na afọ ndị ahụ dị ka ihe na-adịghị arụ ọrụ (dabara nke ọma, n'ihi na ndị agha).

Mkpebi Friedrich ọrụ

Ụfọdụ data on Russian agha si Frederick II ya ọrụ. Na oge ya na-eje ozi nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu ẹkewetde Kate treshka Fink, Manstein na Grant. Ha kwuru na oké condescension nke iwu mkpara nke Russian agha. Ma Frederick bụghị a-nzuzu, na a agha na abụọ asakde iso ese na ya na atụmatụ agunyeghi. Ihe ọ bụla o nwere ike ahụla na e nwere onye iro agha, shlestyvayutsya na Russia na ọ chọghị.

N'ihi ya, ọbụna Lewald, emi ada agha Gross-Egersdorf na Prussian n'akụkụ, onye eze ukwu ike na ọ bụghị naanị iji lụọ, ma na okwu udo. Ke adianade do, Friedrich nditịm elebara ya bụrụ na nke mmeri Russian ime ndị ya n'ụwa. Ebe a na-dị nnọọ a 18-nke narị afọ na nke akụkọ ntolite nke Russia, dị mwute ikwu, ọ bụ ọgaranya na agha.

Mkpebi nke Russian n'akụkụ

The ọnọdụ n'ebe ha mara ụlọikwuu nke Russian (gụnyere ahụ), we buru eze rụrụ: na invincibility nke Frederick naanị akụkọ na-abụghị ekewet. Ya oké agha ugbua jisiri agbaji mmụọ nke ndị ya na ha nọ na-adịghị ọbụna malitere ịlụ agha!

Dị iche iche na otú si a kpam kpam "kwurula" Lehwaldt, Apraksin nọ popet, a na-amanye ka ha kọọrọ Petersburg dị nnọọ banyere ihe ọ bụla. Na 1757, ọ dịghị ma mara ebe ọ ga na-edu agha. "Strategy" si n'obodo na Neva, iwu, "Gaa na nke a ụzọ, nke mere na ọ bụrụ na nke mkpa na hà ịga nke ọma na-atụgharị ọbụna Prussia, ọbụna Silesia." Great, ihe nwere ike ị na-ekwu ...

State agha agha ọzọ

Na May 1757 Apraksin agha amalite ha agha. The agha na-emi esịnede ruo 100 puku ndị agha, na 20,000 dịịrị Motley agha. Army nke Livonia, n'isi kwupụta Niemen. Ezie na squad (20 na puku ndị mmadụ), General-in-Chief Fermor precipitates Memel, na nkwado nke Russian nsoro. N'ikpeazụ, na June 25, agadi style Memel e weere, mgbe nke mkpọsa eze amalite. Fieldmarshal Apraxin, na-ewere isi ndị agha, na-akpali na ntụziaka Verzhbolovo na Gumbinnen.

N'otu oge ahụ, na-agha Lewald mma na-eji oge atụrụ ndụ na mma-họpụtara ịnọ n'ọnọdụ na Vela. N'ihi na Russian edinam ndị a obere patrol squad. Ma mgbe Prussian ubi Marshal choputara na ya Russian otu, n'otu na Fermor, 23 (12) August, na-aga na ntụziaka nke obodo Allenburg (Village nke Enyi na Kaliningrad region), Lewald interrupts "ezumike" na abịakwute onye iro, mbiba ọ na-aga agha . Ọ na-mgbagwoju anya site ikpeazụ mmeri nke ndị agha Russia ...

Gịnị bụ ọnọdụ nke teren?

Ná ngwụsị nke August (ọhụrụ style) Apraxin anamde ịgafe nke osimiri Pregel eru n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Norkitena. Mgbe ahụ, onyeisi ndị agha kpebie ezumike, na-ama ụlọikwuu n'agbata mmiri eruba na Pregel auxin (a tributary nke Preti). The ebe a họọrọ bụghị na mberede: ndị North n'ihu a kwere omume iro Pregel asọpụta, n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ direction ọnọdụ nke Russian agha na-kpuchie auxin, n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ-bụ a oké ọhịa, bụ nke na nzuzo na-eji agha mfịna. Ịbanye n'ogige nwere ike naanị atọ obere ụzọ ụkwụ na-ahụ n'ụzọ zuru okè na-echebe.

The bipu kpụrụ a phalanx akp, na ya ekpe ka iyi tojubigara ókè dị nnọọ zuru auxin. Emi odude nso Schlossberg obí eze. Nku kpuchie ịnyịnya, nsogbu ke n'ihu obodo nta Veynoten. The kasị njọ akụkụ nwere ekpe, nke bụrụ na ndị agha bụ naanị ihe mgbochi n'ụzọ nke isi agha nke onye iro.

Ya mere Apraksina agha guzo a di na nwunye nke ụbọchị, na otu n'azụ niile a enyero ọ bụla ọ na ọgụgụ isi ọrụ, na-na ọchịchịrị banyere otú ndị iro nkenye ọnọdụ na ike ya. Ọ bụ karịsịa nzuzu na ìhè nke ihe na mkpofu nke ọchịagha bụ 16 puku Russian ìhè agha, nke bụ ezigbo maka ngagharị. Ke adianade do, mara ụlọikwuu mebiri ọtụtụ defectors onye ozugbo dọrọ aka ná ntị banyere ebumnuche Lehwaldt agha, malite agha Gross-Egersdorf. The ụbọchị na-mara dị ka a kpọmkwem: ụtụtụ nke August 30.

Banyere mkpa ọgụgụ isi

Lewald, na mberede, ugbua na August 29, na-arụpụta a na-ọnụ ọgụgụ nyoputa onyeiro site n'izite n'ihi nzube a ugboro abụọ agha: obere na nnukwu. Dị ka akụkụ nke ikpeazụ, e nwere ndị dị ka ọtụtụ ndị dị ka 40 squadrons, onye ndú nke a họpụtara General Shorlemer. Otú ọ dị, Lehwaldt keihuojoo. Ka ihe atụ, Shorlemer enweghị ike ịchọpụta ekpe ka iyi tojubigara ókè nke Russian agha n'okpuru Zitenfelde. Dị nnọọ na oge a na Zitenfelde zitere a obere detachment edu Lieutenant-General Lieven. E nwekwara bụ n'ìgwè nke abụọ, nke e kenyere ya iwu nke General-in-Chief Lopuchin.

Nanị tinye, August 30, e nwere a ọnọdụ kwesịrị nke nkiri nke uche na-adịghị: ukwu abụọ ụsụụ ndị agha na-amalite agha, ọ bụ ezie na ọ maghị ihe ọ bụla nke onye iro bi, ma ọ bụ ogwe aka ya.

Forces Russian na Prussian agha

Ya mere, na agha nke Gross-Egersdorf site Prussians abịa: 22 bipu battalions na 50 agha squadrons. The ọnụ ọgụgụ - banyere 25 ma ọ bụ 28 na puku ndị mmadụ. Ogbunigwe nkwado a na-nyere 35 ubi egbe, "ahụ doziri" abụọ abụọ na iri na abuo arọ egbe.

Apraksin 89 battalions nyere iwu a mbuaha bipu, anọ na iri na abuo ọnụ grenadiers na 46 squadrons nke ndi agha nhọrọ. "Moral support" nyere oge ufodu ìhè agha. All n'okpuru Russian ubi Marshal, e nwere ihe 50-55 puku ndị agha. Gunners nanị 154 regimental na 79 ubi egbe. Dị ka a mberede ka Prussian iri atọ arọ Shuvalovskie howitzers kwadebere.

Ọtụtụ Western akụkọ ihe mere eme kwuru na nlelị na dị otú ahụ na Russian kara na ndị ikom na ndị ogbunigwe na "merie bụ sịkwa", naanị ha kpamkpam ichefu banyere ụfọdụ n'ime nkọwa: ruo 40-50% nke Russian agha na-na-akụkụ na-agha, ịbụ (!) jikọrọ adabaghi iwu na-teren ọnọdụ. Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị n'ihi na obi ike nke ndị agha, ndị agha nke Gross-Egersdorf pụrụ ịbụ ihe The Epic atụ nke stupidest mmeri.

Olee otú ndị agha?

Na mgbede na August 29 Apraksin enye agha ka na-amalite na-ekwu okwu n'isi-ututu. Dị ka ụfọdụ ndị ọkọ akụkọ na-ekwu, ọ na-atụkwasị obi na-akọ akụkọ banyere deserters na kpebiri Punch ụzọ nke yiri ọnyà. Ndị ọzọ na-na-ekwu na ubi Marshal bu n'obi na-alụ ọgụ na a ihe na-emeghe ebe (ọ bụghị amasị Grosse Egersdorf), nke bụ mma ruru eru maka ndi agha edinam. Ụtụtụ e nwere otu ihe merenụ, sị: Russian tupu nkeji nọ n'oké anya, na mberede, na-eche ihu na ihu ya na elu akụkụ nke Prussians.

The ikpeazụ bịara gburugburu ngwa ngwa, na na warara ụzọ ọhịa sitere na ogbaaghara: maddened ịnyịnya azọda ndị na ndị mmadụ, na n'azụ shelf nwere ike ime ihe ọ bụla iji nyere ha comrades anwụ anwụ n'ihi na nke tightness. The agha Gross-Egersdorf.

Construction nke Prussians

Nomination Russian bụ oké ihe ijuanya na wakporo Prussians: Lewald aro nkwaghari na-awakpo ha mara ụlọikwuu, na-alụ ọgụ na agbatị eje ije ogidi. Tupu a n'abalị Prussians ekpe ha na ọnọdụ na na 3,30 ụtụtụ malitere wuru, na-enwe dị ka a akwụkwọ ebe ya onwe ya Gross Egersdorf. Scheme nke ewu bụ dị ka ndị a: abụọ Central ahụ bipu battalion, abụọ cover flanks nke battalion na ụfọdụ ndi agha nkeji.

Tupu ọ bụla iyi tojubigara ókè, ndị atọ ogbunigwe batrị, ọ bụla nke isii egbe. N'oge a, ndị Prussians ahụghị ndị agha Russia, ma nke ọma na-anụ iwu na drumbeat na-abịa site na ya mara ụlọikwuu. The iji bụ nyere arụmọrụ na kpọmkwem 4.00 am. Ọkara otu awa mgbe e mesịrị Prussian agha bụ na-eme njem, na rụọ ọgụ intruding na Russian ókèala. N'otu oge, a na inweta ọkụ na ndi agha na ma flanks. First Agha nke Gross-Egersdorf mepụtara na ihu ọma nke Prussians.

The mbụ ịga nke ọma nke Prussians

N'ihi na "anya na-akpata" Prussians mbụ kechioma. 30 squadrons nke ndi agha etipịa Russian agha ịnyịnya gaa ozugbo na n'azụ nke bipu, nke dị na Veynotena. Prince of Holstein, onye isi oche ọtụtụ squadrons n'oge a awakpo a ìhè agha, bụ ndị na-amanye gaa n'okpuru nchebe nke ogbunigwe batrị. Otú ọ dị, n'oge ndị nnukwu nke bipu ama zukọtara, na, na-eme ọnụ na mgbe ndi agha, jisiri tilt Prussians.

The isi igbu dara na ìgwè abụọ Lopuchin. Ọ bụ ebe a na ihe ndị kasị di ọku agha bilitere. Brigade Saltykov na Villebois, nke dara na zuru ike nke Prussian agha, ibu arọ losses. Villebois ka furu efu fọrọ nke nta ọkara agha ya, ma ọ bụghị obi ike: chụpụrụ n'ime oké ọhịa, ọ nọgidere na-"snap", ịta arọ na-efega Prussia. Na-akwanyere ùgwù na Gunners: zitere ha nkà aka, Shuvalovsky howitzers ime na Frederick nnukwu gaps agha. Ke ofụri ofụri, ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na oké mmeri nke Russian agha na o kwere omume kpomkwem site nkà ojiji nke ogbunigwe.

The Inye ego mmiri oyi ebe

Na nsọtụ nke ọrịa na-fated agha nke oké ọhịa na mgbe ahụ malitere ịga na a egwu melee. Ọ na-abịa site na nke atọ nkewa idobere ozugbo-abia agha Shorlemera, mgbe nke ọ na-amanye agbahapụ, na-ebu nnukwu losses. Holstein Prince na-agba mbọ ọgụ ọzọ, ma ya nke abụọ agha ọma abụrụ. N'oge a, nke abụọ Russian nkewa, agbatị na n'ejighị ọbara, bụ egwu nso na encirclement na mmeri. Ọnọdụ na-azọpụta Major General PA Rumyantsev, tiri anọ ọhụrụ regiments nke Prussia.

Nke a igbu bụ bụrụkwa. Na ma n'ohu ahụ Prussian echelons eto eto aghara na ngwa ngwa amama n'ime a ezigbo egwu na mgbagwoju anya. The abụọ echelon n'ụzọ ụfọdụ ejisie ikpuchi ogbunigwe na égbè ọkụ si ndi-agha nke ha onwe ha dị ka ndị mbụ akara, na mgbe ahụ malitere a pụta Prussians. Magburu onwe gosiri Shorlemera agha, ndị na-tụgharịa si n'okpuru oké Russian ọku, jisiri iji mee ka obi na n'usoro ichighaazu. N'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke Prussian agha efehe otú ọma na ha collection were ihe karịrị otu ụbọchị.

Ya mere, olee ihe ndị agha na ada itie ke afọ 1757? The agha ka malitere na-anakọta ha ọbara owuwe ihe ubi: na Prussian n'akụkụ nke ọnwụ na-eme atụmatụ na 4.5 puku ndị mmadụ, anyị agha nwere furu efu 5500. Gburu si anyị n'akụkụ ihe dị ka otu na ọkara puku.

Gịnị bụ n'ihi?

Apraksin, ndikan Lehwaldt na agha a, ọ na-akpa àgwà dị ka ma ọ bụrụ na merie ndị Prussians. Prussian ubi Marshal nwayọọ na-edu ndị agha ka Vela. Apraksin otu, bịarutere ihe dị n'ebe ndị agha ahu nke abụọ EBIONITISM nke Prussian agha, na-eme ihe ọ bụla. Nani site na September 5, ọ na-ewe a umengwụ iji ọgụ ekpe ka iyi tojubigara ókè Lehwaldt. The akọ mgbaba, na-ahọrọ na-agha.

Russian agha ga-izute ya na ya na 1760, mgbe ọ bụ a commandant nke Berlin, ga-hazie agbachitere isi obodo nke Prussia na omume nke Russian General Totleben.

Ke mbubreyo August, Apraksin akpatre wepụrụ si n'oche na, ebe mere ngwa, nke na-anụkpọ ịgafe nke Pregel, amalite ngwa ngwa agbahapụ na Niemen. Na a na-egbu oge nke a izu, Prussians amalite mgbe niile achụso anyị agha, na-eso ha ruo ya ókè. Kịtịkpa na-amalite Russian agha. Kalmyk inyinya ahụhụ si na ya ọrịa ndị dị otú ahụ weere na-amanye ka ha laghachi n'ala nna ha.

Apraksin E wepụrụ ụlọ ọrụ na ikpe a ikpe, ma tupu ya nwụrụ nke a na ọrịa strok. Ihe mere ya egwu agbahapụ amaghị nke a ụbọchị. Ọ bụ omume na a manyere ya na ọ bụla iwu si isi obodo. Anyị ekwuola na Field Marshal enweghị ike iri onwe ha mkpebi na n'ụzọ zuru ezu ịghọta ókè ha ibu ọrụ dị otú ahụ ụgbọ elu, n'ihi ya, o siri ike na mkpebi ya.