Polymerase ihe mkpalite na ya ọdịdị na akporo

Polymerase ihe mkpalite (PCR) - a usoro nke molekụla bayoloji, nke na-enye ohere ịchọpụta na ndu ihe onwunwe obere deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ma ọ bụ kama, ụfọdụ n'ime ya iberibe, na ha mụbaa ọtụtụ ugboro. Mgbe ahụ, ha na-amata anya site jel electrophoresis. The mmeghachi omume e mepụtara na 1983 site na K. Mullis na esịne ke ndepụta nwere nchoputa nke-adịbeghị anya.

Gịnị bụ usoro PCR

The dum usoro dabeere na ike nke nucleic asịd onwe-emepụtaghachi, na nke a na-enwe artificially na laabu. DNA replication ike imalite ọ bụla n'ógbè nke molekul, ma naanị na ebe a kpọmkwem usoro nke nucleotides - amalite iberibe. Iji maka polymerase ihe mkpalite amalitela, anyị kwesịrị primer (ma ọ bụ DNA-eme Nchoputa Banyere). Ndị a bụ obere iberibe DNA usoro na a nyere nucleotide usoro. Ha na-arụkọ (i.e., kwekọrọ ekwekọ) mmalite nke sample DNA òkè.

N'ezie, ike primers, ọkà mmụta sayensị ga-amụ usoro nke nucleotides nke nucleic acid, nke na-agụnye usoro. Ndị a DNA-eme Nchoputa Banyere hụ na specificity nke mmeghachi omume na ya nnabata. Polymerase ihe mkpalite ga-aga, ọ bụrụ na sample anaghị chọta dịkarịa ala otu molekul nke chọrọ DNA. Ke ofụri ofụri, mmeghachi omume na-achọ n'elu primers, a set nke nucleotides, okpomọkụ na-eguzogide ọgwụ DNA polymerase. Nke ikpeazụ bụ enzyme - catalytic Jeremaya mere, nke njikọ nke ọhụrụ nucleic acid ụmụ irighiri na a sample ndabere. All nke a bekee, gụnyere ndu okwu, nke dị mkpa ka a mata DNA na-jikọtara n'ime a mmeghachi omume ngwakọta (ngwọta). Ọ na-etinye na a pụrụ iche thermostat na anamde ya ngwa ngwa kpo oku na obi jụrụ n'ime kpọmkwem oge - okirikiri. Ha na-na 30-50.

Olee otú nke a bụ mmeghachi omume

Ihe kachasi mkpa nke a bụ na n'oge okirikiri, primers na-mmasị ka òkè nke chọrọ DNA, mgbe nke ọ na-aga na ibawanye site enzyme. Na ndabere nke na n'ihi DNA strands synthesized ụdi cycles ọzọ na ndị ọzọ iberibe yiri ụmụ irighiri.

Polymerase ihe mkpalite na-anọgide natara esonụ ya nzọụkwụ. Ọ ji mbụ ibawanye ego nke ngwaahịa n'oge ọ bụla okirikiri nke kpo oku na obi jụrụ. Na nzọụkwụ nke abụọ nke mmeghachi omume emee deceleration kemgbe enzyme bụ mebiri emebi na tụfuru ọrụ. Ke adianade do, depleted ebuka nke nucleotides na primers. Ke akpatre ogbo - ala dị larịị - ngwaahịa na-aba na-akpọkọtara ka reagents n'elu.

Ebe ọ na-eji

Obi abụọ adịghị ya, na broadest ngwa polymerase ihe mkpalite okụt na nkà mmụta ọgwụ na sayensị. Ọ na-eji na ọha na onwe bayoloji, ọgwụgwọ ọrịa anụmanụ na nkà mmụta ọgwụ, na-ere ọgwụ, na ọbụna gburugburu. Mgbe ikpeazụ na-eme nyochaa nri àgwà na gburugburu ebe obibi ihe. Ifịk ifịk eji polymerase ihe mkpalite na forensic omume iji gosi ibu nna na njirimara nke a onye bụ. Na forensic sayensị, dị ka nke ọma dị ka na paleontology, mgbe mgbe, usoro a bụ nanị ụzọ, n'ihi na ọ bụ na-emekarị dị maka ọmụmụ nke oké obere DNA. N'ezie, a nnọọ ọtụtụ ebe ada usoro a hụrụ na omume nke na nkà mmụta ọgwụ. Ọ dị ya mkpa ya na ebe ndị dị otú dị ka mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, na-efe efe na oncological ọrịa.