Rinaldi Antonio - kasị pụta ìhè Italian na XVIII narị afọ Russia

Rinaldi Antonio - Italian-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na-arụ ọrụ na Russia na nkera nke abụọ nke XVIII narị afọ. Ya chepụtara bụ nke ọtụtụ ụlọ na Gatchina, Oranienbaum, Tsarskoye Selo na, n'ezie, na Petersburg. Na aha ya bụ metụtara mgbanwe site Baroque ka classicism na Russian ije.

Rinaldi Antonio: a obere biography

About a-eto eto -atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na-mara dị nnọọ nta. Echeghi ọbụna a afọ na ebe a mụrụ. Dịcha, ọ bụ Naples. Ọ na-atụle na ọ bụ n'ebe ndịda nke Italy, na nọrọ ya na nwata Rinaldi Antonio. Ya biography jupụtara-acha ọcha tụrụ, ma ikekwe ọ bụ a magburu onwe ezinụlọ. Ndị a echiche na-dabere na ọtụtụ ndị chere na ọdịnihu-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na-amụ na-nwe-L. Vanvitelli (nke, na mberede, ọ bụghị ọtụtụ ihe tọrọ ya), o wee kpọrọ ya ogbako ụmụ nwoke si Naples agbata ezi iche. Abara bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị ama Italian architects nke oge Baroque oge. N'okpuru nduzi nke onye nkụzi na-eto eto-nwe-rụrụ ya mbụ ọrụ.

Rinaldi rutere Russia ke 1951. Tupu mgbe ahụ, ọ gara ka England na Germany, na German ije nwere isi mmetụta na-eme n'ọdịnihu nke na-ewu. Na Russia, n'oge nke classicism ọ fọrọ nke nta ka dochie Baroque. Popularity ụtọ dị otú ahụ na architects ka Sokolov, Rastrelli, Cameron. N'okpuru nkwekọrịta, Rinaldi ga-anọ 7 afọ na-eje ozi agụ Razumovsky Hetman nke Ruthenia. Ọ e zubere na ọ ga-maka ọdịnihu mma nke ndutịm center nke region - n'obodo Baturin. The grandiose oru ngo-a bụghị ga-agwụ agwụ. N'ihi Hetman-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ wuru naanị otu obí eze, ma mgbe ahụ na 1954 gaa St. Petersburg.

Na isi obodo-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ fruitfully arụ ọrụ na iwu nke Eze Ukwu Peter III. Ọ na-ewelite a mgbagwoju nke ụlọ ke Oranienbaum, na-ewuli marble Obí na St. Petersburg, na-arụ ọrụ Tsarskoye Selo. Rinaldi kemgbe nke atọ kasị scandalous oru ngo nke St. Isaac Katidral, nke e mesịrị wughachi ya Montferrand. Otu nke ikpeazụ ọrụ nke-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ - The Catholic Church of St. Catherine, ebe ọ dịwo anya-elekọta nke parish.

The-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ ahụ jupụtara ihe atụmatụ, ma a mberede ọjọọ gbochie ha na-emezu. N'oge na-ewu nke Bolshoi Ụlọ ihe nkiri na St. Petersburg, ọ sụrụ ngọngọ wee daa na ohia. Ọrụ enye ikpedịghe. Master mata ndụ ụgwọ ezumike nká, na mgbe ọ gara n'ụlọ, mgbe nile na-agafe ya site na a nnọchianya. The ikpeazụ afọ nke ndụ nke-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ systematized ma na-etinye ihe ka ha aghụghọ na drawings. Rinaldi Antonio ama akpa ke Rome ke 1974.

Italian oge

Tupu ya njem iji Russia na n'ala nna nke-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ ji banyere 40 afọ. Oge a ji kpọmkwem mmetụta nke onye nkụzi, Luigi Vanvitelli. ọzụzụ mgbe mere na omume. Rinaldi rụrụ ọrụ dị ka a na-amụrụ na osote-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ. Ọ abuana ke imewe nke nnukwu ụlọ nke Caserta, otu n'ime Europe kasị ukwuu ụlọ nke palatial. Ọ na-e bu n'obi n'ihi na eze ya. Nnukwu ụlọ bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị mma ihe atụ nke mbubreyo Italian Baroque. Na nke a, ọ bụ ama doro anya na anya, ụfọdụ atụmatụ nke classicism.

Construction obibi ndị mọnk nke St. Augustine na Rome, kwa, ẹkenịmde na òkè nke Antonio Rinaldi. The-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ a ka na-arụ ọrụ dị ka otu ìgwè. Ma katidral na ebe obibi ndị mọnk nke Saint Mary Magdalene na Pesaro o mere onwe ha. Rinaldi gosiri na ya dị ka a tozuru okè-nwe e hiwere. Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ ka ọ dọọrọ uche na a kpọrọ Russia.

Gatchina

Ukraine Rinaldi Antonio bụ n'ihi nwanne mmasị nke Elizabeth, Kirill Razumovsky. N'oge ahụ, ọ bụ hetman nke Little Russia, na a nnọọ na-akwanyere ùgwù mmadụ. Na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ butere ma nye iwu gaba imewe nke obibi nke hetman na Baturyn. The atụmatụ bụ ime ka obodo isi obodo nke ókèala, iru ụfọdụ ọzọ gingerbread ụlọ na-anọ redevelop n'okporo ámá. Ke ukem na imewe nke obi Rinaldi na-ewu a n'obí maka Razumovsky. Kirill G. bụ ezi manager, ma ọ bụghị na-ezere iri ngarị na ịpụnara mmadụ. Na 1754 ọ nọ na kpọrọ Moscow na-akọ na ha n'ókèala, mgbe nke ego na ike nke Hetman na kpaara. Atụmatụ maka nwughari na Baturina chigharia-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọrụ jụrụ ịkwụ ụgwọ. N'otu afọ e zigara ya St. Petersburg.

Oranienbaum

Na St. Petersburg, Rinaldi were ọrụ n'obí Peter III. Mgbe ọ na-achị biri, Catherine II mere a-nwe ikpe-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ, na a na ọkwá ọ ikpe ruo mgbe 1784. The mbụ eze ukwu iji ndị bụ maka ndị na-ewu nke mgbagwoju owuwu na Oranienbaum. Ebe a Rinaldi wuru Peter III Obí, Pavilion eji Hill, Opera House, na mgbe e mesịrị - Chinese ulo. Petrovsky Obí a abụghị maka ụlọ, kama ọ bụ a ulo-ǹdò-maka ntụrụndụ. Miniature abụọ-storey ụlọ bụ nnọọ ihe ọhụrụ na okwu nke gbasara ohere ngwọta. Ọ na-wuru dị ka a square, otu n'akụkụ nke a na-mechie ezigbo aak. N'ihi na nke a na Usoro a obere ụlọ yiri mara mma nnukwu. Chinese ulo uku eze bu n'obi maka obibi nke Catherine II na 1762-1768 afọ. N'oge ahụ m nọ na-ewu ewu style chinoiserie emegbu Chinese isiokwu, na ọtụtụ interiors na mma dị ka ejiji ndị. Ke ọma ẹkụre ọrụ Oranienbaum, na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na-ahụ maka ijikwa ụlọ ke Tsarskoye Selo.

Tsarskoye Selo

Ọrụ na Tsarskoselskaya ụlọ ndị n'etiti ndị kasị ufiop oge nke na-arụ ọrụ Rinaldi Antonio. Architect ewuli nwere ọtụtụ pavilions, mgbidi a wụrụ awụ na ncheta. Ọ e mere na chịkwara ndị na-ewu Cesme, Morea, Crimea na ogidi, Cahul obelisk ncheta Lansky. All ncheta rụrụ ekele ike nke Russian agha mmiri na ndị agha na. Chinese Pavilion na Chinese Ụlọ ihe nkiri na-aga n'ihu isiokwu nke chinoiserie. Rinaldi European style enye Russian ụda. Chinese motifs ike deere ma n'ime ime na n'èzí - n'ihi na ihe atụ, ke imewe nke apịaji nkuku nke ụlọ nke Chinese Ụlọ ihe nkiri. N'ụzọ dị mwute, ụlọ e bibiri n'oge agha na-ahụ na ọ nwere ike ịbụ naanị na photos.

Petersburg ewu

Marble Obí, e mere ke ẹbọ nke tozuru okè classicism, a na-akpọ n'elu ihe Rinaldi Antonio. Nke a aha e nyere ya n'ihi nke mgbidi, lined na eke nkume. N'oge ahụ, ọ bụ naanị ụlọ ke St. Petersburg na ndozi. Pink marble eji na mputa mma na n'ime ime mma. Obí U ekara layout aghọwo a ezigbo mkpuru nke Neva mkpọda. Ma e a alaka nke Russian Museum.

Ọzọ ụlọ nke St. Petersburg nwe-agụnye Prince Vladimir Cathedral, mgbịrịgba elu nke Ascension Temple, ndị Catholic Church of St. Catherine na Nevsky Prospekt na Tuchkov Buyan - a mgbagwoju nke n'ụlọ nkwakọba.

The-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ wee akụkụ ke ọrụ na-atọ St. Isaac Katidral. Ngo Rinaldi ụlọ lụrụ ise domes na gịrịgịrị ogologo mgbịrịgba elu. Site na oge nke ọnwụ nke Catherine II e dechara ya ruo eaves, ma mechie ukwu nwere ike ọ bụghị n'ihi na nke otu ihe. Rinaldi gara Rome, na e ngwa ngwa wuru brick dome na mgbịrịgba elu, squat na marble isi nke katidral. Construction mere ka a oké resonance na otu, epigrams na ogo wụsara si n'akụkụ niile. Mgbe e mesịrị na katidral e wughachiri na ikpeazụ na version.

Rinaldi Antonio malitere ndụ ya Italy na biri ya n'ebe ahụ. Ma oge nke ndụ na Russia bụ "obi" nke ya biography, o nyere ya ihe niile ya talent na ike ike ihe. Na ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọdịdị St. Petersburg na ya gburugburu Rinaldi mere a nnukwu onyinye.