Robert Merton: a biography nke ama sociologist. Robert Merton onyinye na sociology

Robert Merton - ama sociologist, educator na mba ofesi na ọnụ ọgụgụ, otu n'ime ndị na-eduga nnyocha na nke sociology narị afọ nke 20. Ọ jisiri brilliantly ịgbanwe stereotypical àgwà, nke ogologo ẹkenịmde ọkà mmụta sayensị na eccentric amamihe na-adịghị na-agbụ site iwu na ụkpụrụ. Ọ bụ nke a aru nke na-arụ ọrụ na kpụrụ ihe ndabere maka ha na 1994 National Nrite maka ọkà mmụta sayensị rụzuworo.

Merton natara ọtụtụ enọ maka ya nnyocha. Ọ bụ nke mbụ na-elekọta mmadụ na ọkà mmụta sayensị, onye e mere ihe ùgwù so na National Academy nke Sciences na a mba ọzọ nnọchiteanya na Royal Swedish Academy nke Sciences, o bipụtara a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị ọkà mmụta ọrụ na sociological ozizi na uka nkwurịta okwu.

N'ime afọ 70 ahụ o nyere ụmụ akwụkwọ ya magburu onwe okwu ihu ọha na ndị mere eme, akwụkwọ na etymology, nakwa dị ka sociological isiokwu: na media ọrụ, mmewere nke ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, na-elekọta mmadụ echiche, outsiders megide insiders.

Ka anyị na-amụta ihe banyere nke a na oké madu.

Robert Merton: A Biography

A mụrụ na Philadelphia, July 4, 1910 na a na ezinụlọ ndị Juu kwabatara. Nna ya bụ onye prọfesọ nke nkà mmụta mmekọrịta ọha na Columbia University, na nne ya nyere ike-ha nile na-akụziri ụmụaka.

Gụrụ akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ dị elu South Philly. Ya-eto eto ọ na-a Ugboro esenowo na Endryu Karnegi n'ọbá akwụkwọ na Academy nke Music, na Museum nke Art na ndị ọzọ na omenala na izi emmepe.

Mgbe ọ dị afọ 14, ọ gbanwere aha ya ka Merlin, mgbe otu n'ime ndị kasị dị omimi odide na akụkọ na-emeghị nke King Arthur. Ma enyi gwara ya na ọ bụ kwa "anwansi", o dochie anya ya Merton.

agụmakwụkwọ ọrụ

Ya sociological ọrụ ọ malitere n'okpuru nduzi nke George simpson si Temple College na Pitirima Sorokina nke Harvard University, bụ onye e abuana ke ahụrụ anya na mgbakọ na mwepụ nnyocha.

Na 1936, Robert King Merton natara ya doctorate si Harvard University. Na 1939 ọ ghọrọ prọfesọ na isi nke ngalaba nke sociology na Tulane University, na 1941 sonyeere Columbia University. Na 1963, o nwetara a elu n'usoro - a prọfesọ na mahadum.

Na oge site na 1942 ruo 1971, ọ na-eje ozi dị ka Deputy Director nke Bureau of Applied Social Research University. E nwekwara a lecturer na Rockefeller University. Na 1985, na ude nke ya uru onyinye sayensị na ogologo oge na-arụpụta ọrụ Columbia University, ọ ọdịda aha Doctor nke Science.

Robert Merton lụrụ ugboro abụọ. Si ya n'alụmdi na nwunye mbụ ya nwere ụmụ nwoke abụọ na ụmụ nwaanyị abụọ. Nwa-ya, Robert C. Merton ke 1997 ghọrọ onye nwe na Nobel chọr'inwe na Economics.

Robert Merton nwụrụ February 23, 2003.

Nwa anụmanụ na enọ

N'oge ọ na-na nkà mmụta sayensị ọrụ Merton emeela ọtụtụ ihe dị mkpa ọnọdụ:

- Deputy Director nke Bureau of Applied Social Research na Columbia University, (1942-1971 biennium).

- trostii nke Center maka Advanced Study na akparamàgwà Sciences na Stanford University , (1952-1975 biennium).

- President of the American Sociological Association (1957).

Robert Merton nwekwara natara ọtụtụ n'elu awards:

- a prestigious mfọn si American Council of Mụtara Societies (1962);

- Commonwealth Nrite maka gbara ọkpụrụkpụ na sociology (1970);

- Makaratur Award na akwụkwọ (na 1980);

- Nrite "Ònye bụ Ònye na America" n'ihi na elu rụzuru na ubi nke na-elekọta mmadụ na sayensị (1984);

- na 1985, Columbia University ọdịda ya aha Doctor nke Science.

Robert Merton: a onyinye sociology

Nkà mmụta sayensị na-arụ ọrụ nke Merton na tumadi-elekwasị anya na a "n'etiti nso nchepụta" mmepe. Na ya, ọ gbara ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị zere oké ada na nkịtị ozizi, nakwa dị ka pedantic ase na-eleghi anya na-edu ha na-arụpụta ihe.

Mgbe ha ka a gụsịrị akwụkwọ na-amụrụ na Harvard University (1936), na ya n'isiokwu "Social Structure na Anomie" o dere banyere àmà nke deviant omume na mpụ. A akụkụ buru ibu nke na-aga n'ihu "sociological nchegbu" Merton wee na-amụ na-elekọta mmadụ akara na ndiiche nsogbu.

Robert Merton ozizi na-egosi na eziokwu na ndị mmadụ na inwale ha na-elekọta mmadụ ohere na-agaghị emeli na-abụchaghị eziokwu; okwukwe ha siri ezigbo uru nke mmadụ niile na-elekọta mmadụ ọnọdụ ( "Matthew mmetụta"), nke agbali mmezi ikposa. O gosiri na fragility nke nkịtị iche nke na-elekọta mmadụ iwu ka iwu na-edu ndú, na-achị ụkpụrụ ọdịbendị na ọkachamara na ụkpụrụ.

"The norms nke sayensị" na ndị ọzọ echiche

Robert King Merton chọrọ a pụrụ iche "sayensị ụkpụrụ" dị ka a set nke echiche nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ga-achọ:

- communalism - na sayensị nke na-emeghe otu;

- universalism - ọkà mmụta sayensị "adịghị akpa ókè";

- unana - ọkà mmụta sayensị nke mpụga ịgwa;

- haziri skepticism - ọkà mmụta sayensị nke verifying niile echiche na chepụtara.

Ọ na-mere a otutu sociological echiche ndị dị na ebe, gụnyere echiche dị otú ahụ dị ka "onwe-ojuju amụma", "na-atụghị pụta" na okwu bụ "ndị obliteration site incorporation" - mgbe ozizi na-ka-ewu ewu na ya guzobere ichefu banyere ọdịdị zuru oke nke a ozizi. Ọ ẹkenam echiche nke "ugboro" na-akọwa ndị a onwe ha nchoputa na sayensị.

ọgụgụ isi mgbanwe

Ná mmalite 60-ies nke Merton ọ dabara na-amụ nke isi omenala na nzukọ ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị. Ọ gụnyere a ọma analysis nke ọrụ nke Nobel Nrite mmeri, mpi usoro, mmekọrịta dị n'etiti akwụkwọ na nnyocha na mfịna ọdịdị nke chọpụtara na doo nke "alaeze" nke sayensị.

Ọkà ná mmekọrịta Robert Merton gosiri na ya nwere ọgụgụ isi ihe mgbanwe na-amụ ajụjụ banyere usoro iwu formulations bara uru typology na nhazi ọkwa, ahụrụ anya nnyocha na ndị bara pụtara sociological ọrụ ndị ụwa.

nkà mmụta sayensị na-arụ ọrụ

Isi na nkà mmụta sayensị ọrụ ná mmalite ndụ nke Merton: "Science, nkà na ụzụ na ọha mmadụ na nke iri na asaa na narị afọ na England" (1938), "Social Theory na Social Structure" (ọtụtụ mbipụta e bipụtara site na 1949 ruo 1968).

Mgbe e mesịrị, o bipụtara dị otú ahụ ọrụ: "Student Doctor" (1957), "Sociology nke Science: n'ọnụ na ahụrụ anya Studies" (1973), "Sociological Ambivalence na ndị ọzọ edemede" (1976), "Social ọmụmụ na eme ọrụ "(1982).

Ụfọdụ na-akwanyere ùgwù ọrụ dị na a collection of edemede nhazi Coser (ha na-ebipụta na 65th ncheta nke Robert): "Echiche nke omenala: akwụkwọ na nsọpụrụ nke Merton" (1975).

N'ihi ya, anyị pụrụ ikwu na Robert Merton - a oké mmadụ, a ọsụ ụzọ na ubi nke oge a na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na sociological ọmụmụ. Ọ na-ewere otu nke kasị akpa na-elekọta mmadụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nke America. Ọ ghọrọ onye mbụ sociologist onye ya research natara ọtụtụ enọ na na nwa anụmanụ. N'oge ya ọrụ nke ihe karịrị 20 mahadum (gụnyere Harvard, Yale, Columbia na Chicago) Merton e ọdịda turu ha aha. Ya na nkà mmụta sayensị ọrụ na taa na-na elu ina n'etiti na-eme nnyocha na ụmụ akwụkwọ.