Soviet ìhè tank T-26. T-26: àgwà, n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke e kere eke, Ọdịdị

Soviet ìhè ọgụ ugbo ala, na-eji ọtụtụ n'ime ndị agha nke 1930s na Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, bụ T-26. a tank e mepụtara na ibu quantities (karịa 11 000 nkeji), karịa ihe ọ bụla ọzọ nke oge. Na 1930, ndị Soviet Union 53 T-26 variants e mepụtara, gụnyere a flamethrower tank, ọgụ engineer ụgbọala, a na n'ime ime obodo na-achịkwa tankị, onwe-propelled egbe, ogbunigwe traktọ na armored pesonel ụgbọelu. Iri-na-atọ n'ime ha bụ ndị commercially dị, na ndị ọzọ - na ibuo ụdị.

British mbụ

T-26 bụ a prototype - British tank Mk-E, nke e mepụtara site na ụlọ ọrụ "Vickers-Armstrong" na 1928-1929. Mfe ma dị mfe ịnọgide na-enwe, ọ na-zubere maka mbupụ na obere technologically mepụtara mba: na USSR, Poland, Argentina, Brazil, Japan, Thailand, China na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. "Vickers" mara na ya tank agha akwụkwọ, na Soviet Union gosi mmasị a development. N'okpuru nkwekọrịta aka May 28, 1930, ụlọ ọrụ na-anapụta ndị USSR nke 15 abụọ-elu igwe (Type A, burugodị na abụọ igwe egbe, "Vickers" caliber 7.71 mm, mmiri-mma) na zuru oru akwụkwọ maka ha uka mmepụta. Ọnụnọ nke abụọ elu na ike ga-agba gburugburu onwe-ekwe ka igba ma ekpe na nri n'otu oge, n'oge ahụ na-ewere mma uru maka breakthroughs nke ubi e wusiri ike. Ọtụtụ Soviet injinia abuana ke nzukọ tankị na "Vickers" factory na 1930. Ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke afọ a na USSR natara anọ mbụ Mk-E ụdị A.

Mmalite nke usoro mmepụta

Na USSR, mgbe ahụ dị nnọọ ka m na-arụ ọrụ pụrụ iche ọrụ, onye ọrụ bụ nhọrọ nke mba ọzọ tankị maka replication. English tank Mk-E natara akwụkwọ maka nwa oge designation B-26. Na oyi 1930-1931 afọ na saịtị nso Poklonnaya Góra ule nke abụọ nke igwe ndị a nwere na e duziri, ha ọma gafere. N'ihi ya, na February, e kpebiri na-amalite ha mmepụta ke USSR n'okpuru T-26.

The tank nke mbụ ibuo ogbe, turrets onwem na Soviet-mere, a nwaleworo maka iguzogide égbè na igwe-egbe ọku na mbubreyo n'oge okpomọkụ nke 1931, ọ nọ na chụọ n'ọrụ si égbè na igwe egbe "Maxim" na ot na ihe-agha-ịkpọpu agba site na a anya nke 50 mita. Ọ na-e chọpụtara na tank ẹkama ọkụ na di ntakiri mmebi (naanị ụfọdụ rivets mebiri). Chemical analysis gosiri na n'ihu agha efere e mere nke igwe anaghị agha, mgbe ụlọ na ala ala efere elu e mere nke nkịtị ígwè. Mgbe agha mmepụta Izhora osisi, na-eji nke mbụ nlereanya T-26, usụhọde na mma na English n'ihi na enweghị nke oge a Metallurgical akụrụngwa na USSR.

Development nke mbụ mgbanwe 1931

Soviet injinia na-bụghị nanị ugboro ugboro 6-ton "Vickers". Olee ihe ọhụrụ ndị ha nwere na a T-26? Tank na 1931, nakwa dị ka British prototype, nwere a abụọ na-ulo-elu nhazi abụọ igwe egbe, otu onye maka otu ụlọ elu. Isi ihe dị iche n'etiti ha bụ na ha bụ ndị elu na chọpụtara slits na T-26 turret. Soviet ụlọ elu nwere a okirikiri ezumike maka Degtyareva tank egbe, n'adịghị a akụkụ anọ na-eji na mbụ na-ewu ka British egbe "Vickers". The n'ihu akụkụ nke ahụ ahụ na-obere gbanwere.

Ikpe T-26 si na ụlọ elu abụọ na-anakọtara site na iji armored efere 13-15 mm riveted eku nke metal akụkụ. Nke bụ iji nagide igwe-egbe ọkụ. Light tankị nke USSR, mere na njedebe nke 1932-1933, na-ma riveted na welded ahu. Ị pụghị ikwu banyere ihe ọhụrụ ngwaahịa. Soviet tank T-26 mmepe na 1931 abụọ cylindrical elu, n'elu bọl biarin; onye ọ bụla onwe ha nke elu-agba gburugburu 240 Celsius. Ma ulo-elu nwere ike inye a pounding nke n'ihu ma n'azụ firing arcs (100 Celsius ọ bụla). Gịnị bụ isi ihe drawback bụ a T-26? Two-ulo-elu n'onwe nwere kwa mgbagwoju anya Ọdịdị, mbenata pụrụ ịdabere na ya. Ọzọkwa, niile firepower nke tank nwere ike ọ gaghị eji na otu akụkụ. Ya mere, ná mmalite 30-ies gburugburu ụwa hapụrụ nhazi nke ọgụ ugbo ala.

A mono-ulo-elu ìhè tank T-26

E ji mara ya na budata mma tụnyere abụọ-elu nhazi. Emepụta ebe 1933, ọ bụ na mbụ a cylindrical ụlọ elu nke elu a egbe 20K nlereanya, caliber 45 mm na otu igwe egbe Degtyarev 7,62 mm. Nke a na egbe bụ mma oyiri nke mgbochi egbe 19K nlereanya (1932), bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị dị ike maka ya oge. Nnọọ ole na ole obodo ndị ọzọ tankị nwere ụdị ngwaọrụ, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụla nọ. Olee ihe ndị ọzọ na ngwá agha bụ ike na-ebu ọhụrụ T-26? Tank 1933 nwere ike ruo atọ ọzọ 7.62-mm igwe egbe. Nke a na-abawanye na firepower ahụ a chọrọ ka aka-arụ ọrụ na-emeri nke pụrụ iche mgbochi dị iche iche, n'ihi na ndị mbụ igwe-egbe mgwo agha e weere ezughi oke. The foto n'okpuru na-egosi onye nke ụdị nke T-26, nke nwere a tank ngosi nka na Kubinka, bụ kasị collection of agha ụgbọala na ụwa.

Ọzọ, ka okwu banyere teknuzu e ji mara.

Gịnị engine nwere T-26

Atụmatụ, dị mwute ikwu na kpebisiri ike site na ọkwa nke engine ọbụna 20s nke narị afọ nke 20. The tank e onwem na a 4-cylinder mmanụ ụgbọala engine ike nke 90 lita. a. (67 kW) na ikuku jụrụ, nke bụ zuru ezu kopi engine "Armstrong Sidley" na-eji na-6-ton "Vickers". Ọ e odude ke azụ nke tank. Early Soviet mere tank engines bụ ndị ogbenye mma, ma ọ ka mma kemgbe 1934. Engine tank T-26 enweghị ọsọ limiter, mgbe mgbe n'ihi na ekpo oke ọkụ, na emebi ya valves, karịsịa n'oge okpomọkụ. Mmanụ tank 182 lita na mmanụ tank 27 lita e enịm nso engine. Ọ na-eji a elu-octane, a na-akpọ Grozny mmanụ ụgbọala; ejuputa abụọ kacha mma mmanụ ụgbọala nwere ike ime ka mmebi nke valvụ n'ihi na nke detonation. Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ ẹkenam ọzọ capacious mmanụ ụgbọala tank (290 lita kama 182 l). Engine jụrụ ofufe wụnye ya na a pụrụ iche ikpe.

Nyefee T-26 gụnyere a otu-diski akọrọ ipigide isi ipigide, na igbe na ise Kwadobe ke n'ihu nke tank, n'iru akara clutches, transmissions na nke ikpeazụ ìgwè nke brek. Nzipu e jikọọ na engine site a mbanye aro inyịme tinyere tank. Menjuobi ịgbanwe Kwadobe, e n'ịnyịnya na na igbe.

Modernization nke 1938-1939

N'afọ a, Soviet tank T-26 natara a ọhụrụ conical ụlọ elu nke elu a mma na-eguzogide megide mgbọ, ma ọ nọgidere na otu welded ahụ, nke ahụ nke nlereanya na 1933 na bụ ezughị, nke na-egosi esemokwu na Japanese militarists na 1938, nke mere na na tank e kwalite otu ugboro ọzọ February 1939. Ugbu a, o natara n'okpuru-turret ogige na-achọ (23 Celsius) 20 mm-n'akụkụ armored efere. The mgbidi ọkpụrụkpụ nke ulo-elu mụbara 20 mm na ọchịchọ nke 18 degrees. Nke a tank e wepụtara na T-26-1 (mara dị ka T-26 nlereanya 1939 na dịkọrọ ndụ na isi mmalite). Ụdi mgbalị ike n'ihu panel nọgidere akụkwa, dị ka mmepụta nke T-26 anya, e kwụsịrị na ihu ọma nke ndị ọzọ akụkụ, ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka T-34.

Na mberede, ndị ọgụ arọ nke T-26 na oge site na 1931 ka 1939 na ụba si 8 na 10,25 tọn. The foto n'okpuru na-egosi T-26 nlereanya 1939 Ọ bụ, na mberede, nakwa na collection, nke nwere ndị kasị ibu n'ụwa tank ngosi nka na Kubinka.

Dị ka akụkọ malitere na-alụ ọgụ T-26

Light tank T-26 na nke mbụ wee akụkụ ke ọgụ n'oge agha obodo na Spain. Mgbe ahụ Soviet Union, malite na October 1936, naputa ya Republican ọchịchị, a ngụkọta nke 281 ụdị nke tankị na 1933

The mbụ ogbe nke tankị na Republican Spain e October 13, 1936 na n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri n'obodo Cartagena; iri-na-T-26 na akụkụ ahụ mapụtara, mgbọ, mmanụ a na 80 ọrụ afọ ofufo dị ka iwu ọchịagha 8th iche iche ígwè brigeedi Col. S. Krivosheina.

The mbụ Soviet igwe, setịpụrụ na Cartagena, e bu n'obi maka nkwadebe nke mba tank, ma ọnọdụ gburugburu Madrid aghọwo ihe mgbagwoju, mere mbụ iri na ise tankị nọ na a tank ụlọ ọrụ, bụ nke were iwu Soviet onyeisi Pol Arman (Latvian si dị, kama toro France) .

Armand n'Ashterọt wee banye edinam October 29, 1936 30 km n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ-nke Madrid. Iri na abụọ T-26 merela agadi site na 35 km n'oge iri wakporo ma mee ka ịrịba weere Frankists (meriri banyere abụọ squads Moroccan agha ịnyịnya abụọ bipu battalion; iri na abụọ 75-mm ubi egbe, anọ wedges CV-33, na iri abụọ na iri atọ gwongworo na agha ngwongwo e bibiri ma ọ bụ mebiri emebi), ọnwụ nke atọ T-26 mmanụ ụgbọala site bombs na ogbunigwe ọkụ.

Onye mbụ a bụrụ na nke a iti ebule ahụ tank agha n'ụbọchị mgbe a tank platoon ọchịagha Lieutenant Semena Osadchego chere ihu abụọ Italian tankettes CV-33, idobe otu onye n'ime ha na-a obere ndagwurugwu ahụ. Òtù nke ọzọ wedgies arụ ọrụ e gburu site igwe-egbe ọkụ.

Machine Captain Armand esurewo mmanụ ụgbọala bọmbụ, ma merụọ ọchịagha wee na-edu ụlọ ọrụ. Ya tank bibiwo onye na-abaghị uru abụọ wedges CV-33 egbe ala ọkụ. December 31, 1936 Captain P. Arman natara a Star nke dike nke Soviet Union maka wakporo, na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-ekere òkè-agbachitere Madrid. November 17, 1936 na ụlọ ọrụ ndị Armand bụ naanị ise tankị na ọgụ readiness.

T-26 na ụma na-eji na ọ fọrọ nke nta niile ndị agha arụmọrụ nke Civil War na gosipụtara kara nke German Panzer Division na Italian ìhè tankị tankettes CV-33, burugodị naanị na igwe egbe. N'oge Agha nke Guadalajara T-26 kara ọ bụ otú ahụ doo anya na ndị Italian na-emepụta na-sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ ịzụlite a yiri mbụ Italian ajụ tank "Fiat M13 / 40."

"... ma anyị jiri ụgbọelu ala eh n'okpuru mgbali nke ígwè na ọkụ"

Na okwu ndị a ma ama n'etiti ikpeazụ nke narị afọ, ndị songs egosipụta a akụkụ nke ìhè tankị T-26 Soviet-Japanese agha, bụ nke a nọgidere na-ọgụ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke tankị. Nke mbụ n'ime ha bụ a na-enwe nsogbu na July 1938 nso Lake Hassan. Na-ekere òkè ya 2nd ígwè brigeedi na abụọ dị iche iche tank battalions nwere naanị 257 tankị T-26.

2nd ígwè brigeedi na-na nso nso họpụtara a iwu ọhụrụ mkpara, 99% nke ya gara aga iwu ihe owuwu (gụnyere brigeedi ọchịagha P. Panfilov) e jidere n'ubọchi atọ dị ka ndị iro nke ndị mmadụ hoputa na ọgụ ọnọdụ. Nke a nwere a na-adịghị mma mmetụta na omume nke brigeedi n'oge agha (atụ, ya tankị ẹkenịmde awa 11, ga-esi site 45-km njem ruru ka amaghị nke ụzọ). N'oge wakpo ndị Japanese-ẹkenịmde Nameless na Zaozernaya ugwu Soviet tankị zutere na a haziri nke ọma mgbochi tank agbachitere. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, ndị tankị 76 na nke 9 na-emerụ ọkụ. Mgbe ọgụ ahụ biri, 39 nke ndị a tankị e natara na tank nkeji, na ndị ọzọ - rụziri na shop n'ala.

A ole na ole nke T-26 tankị na flamethrower dabeere na ha so na-agha Japanese agha na Khalkhin Mgbaru Ọsọ na 1939. Anyị agha igwe bu ngwangwa tank ebukọrọ Japanese ìgwè, burugodị na Molotov cocktails. Mgbe ala àgwà welds ịnọgide gaps na agha efere, na-enwusi petrol mfe tinye na-arụ ọrụ ahụ nakwa engine ogige. 37mm egbe ala ụdị 95 na Japanese akpa ume tank, n'agbanyeghị na ya mediocre ọnụego bụ irè megide T-26.

Na eve nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ

On na Iv nke 2nd World War, na Red Army nwere banyere 8500 T-26 nke niile mgbanwe. N'oge a, T-26-e ndị bụ isi dị iche iche na ìgwè na-amụnye tankị (nke ọ bụla otu 256-267 T-26) na iche iche tank battalion nke égbè nkewa (10-15 tankị). Ọ bụ ụdị nke tank nkeji na abuana ke mkpọsa na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ n'ógbè Ukraine na Belarus na September 1939. Ọgụ weere na Poland bụ nanị iri na ise T-26 si. O sina dị, 302 tankị ahụhụ technical ọdịda na-eme njem.

Ha abuana ke Winter War na December 1939 - March 1940 na Finland. Light armored brigades onwem na iche iche na ụdị nke tankị, gụnyere abụọ na a mono-ulo-elu nhazi, na-emepụta si 1931 na 1939. Ụfọdụ battalions onwem ochie igwe tumadi Nlụpụta 1931-1936 gg. Ma ụfọdụ tank nkeji na-onwem na ọhụrụ nlereanya nke 1939. Na ngụkọta, akụkụ nke Lenvoenokruga agukọta na mmalite nke agha 848 nkeji nke T-26. Ọnụ na biotek na T-28 bụ akụkụ nke isi mmetụta ike n'oge a ezumike akara Mannerheim.

Nke a agha egosiwo na T-26 na nke ochie na ya imewe mee okụre. Finnish antitank egbe caliber 37 mm na ọbụna 20-mm antitank égbè mfe ịbanye na mkpa antipulevuyu agha T-26, na akụkụ na-onwem na ha, ahụhụ ịrịba weere n'oge ihe itunanya nke Mannerheim Line, nke na ire ọkụ-atụba igwe na ndabere nke T-26 Chassis egwuri a dị ịrịba ama ọrụ.

World War II - ikpeazụ nke ndi-agha T-26 si

T-26-E Nleta ndabere armored agha nke Red Army ná mmalite ọnwa nke German mbuso agha nke Soviet Union n'afọ 1941. On June 1, ndị ugboelu bụ 10.268 ìhè tankị T-26 niile ụdị, gụnyere armored ụgbọala na ha Chassis. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha gụnyere ọgụ ugbo ala na Soviet ígwè agha na ókè-ala-agha distrikti. Ka ihe atụ, Western Special Military District, nwere 1136 ígwè ọrụ dị otú on 22 June 1941 (52% niile tankị na district). N'ozuzu, ọ bụ 4875 dị tankị na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ agha distrikti na June 1, 1941. O sina dị, ụfọdụ n'ime ha adịghị njikere maka ọgụ n'ihi enweghị akụkụ, ndị dị ka, batrị, caterpillars na katapila wiil. Dị otú ahụ drawbacks emewo ka gbahapụrụ nke banyere 30% nke dị T-26 nke Nkịtị. Ke adianade do, banyere 30% nke dị tankị na-arụpụtara ke 1931-1934 ma na ike gwụrụ ha ọrụ ndụ. N'ihi ya, na ise Soviet ọdịda anyanwụ agha distrikti bụ gburugburu 3100-3200 T-26 niile ụdị na mma (banyere 40% nke ngwá), nke bụ naanị ubé erughị ọnụ ọgụgụ nke German tankị zubere maka mbuso agha nke Soviet Union.

T-26 (Model 1938/1939 si. Karịsịa) nwere ike idi kasị German tankị na 1941, ma dị ala karịa nlereanya Panzer III na Panzer IV, sonye "Operation Barbarossa" na June 1941. Na niile tank nkeji nke Red Army ahụhụ arọ weere n'ihi zuru ikuku kara nke German "Luftwaffe". Kasị nke T-26 na ụma na-efu na mbụ ọnwa nke agha, tumadi na shelling nke onye iro ogbunigwe na ikuku etiwapụ. Ọtụtụ mebiri maka oru ihe na n'ihi enweghị akụkụ ahụ mapụtara.

Otú ọ dị, na mbụ ọnwa nke agha, na anyị maara na a otutu ngosipụta ndị dike na-eguzogide nke Soviet tank T-26 nke onye fasizim mwakpo. Ka ihe atụ, nzukọ 55 battalion Panzer esịnede iri na asatọ mono-ulo-elu T-26 na iri na asatọ na-elu, mgbe ekpuchi a ichighaazu 117 égbè nkewa Zhlobin ebe ebibi iri na asa German ígwè ọrụ.

N'agbanyeghị na ọnwụ, na-T-26 ka guru nke a ịrịba akụkụ nke armored agha nke Red Army n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1941 (a otutu technology si esịtidem agha distrikti - Central Asia, na Urals, Siberia, na obere si n'Ebe East). N'oge agha, T-26 na-dochie anya nke karịrị nnọọ T34. Ha na-abuana ke agha megide Germany na ndị òtù ha na agha n'etiti nso Moscow na 1941-1942., Na Agha nke Stalingrad na Agha nke Caucasus na 1942-1943. Ọtụtụ tank nkeji nke Leningrad Front eji ha tankị T-26 ruo 1944.

The mmeri nke Japanese Kwantung Army na Manchuria na August 1945 ikpeazụ agha ime ihe na nke ha na-eji. Ke ofụri ofụri, ọ ga-kwuru, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke tankị - a ọchịchọ ịmata ihe.