Tatar NPP, Republic of Tatarstan: nkọwa, akụkọ ihe mere eme na-akpali eziokwu

Gbawara Chernobyl nuclear ike osisi mere bụghị naanị emebi gburugburu ebe obibi. The ọdachi nke "udo atọm" emewo ka a idegharị echiche nke nche nke ọrụ ụgbọ, mkpachi nke oru ngo na-ewu nke ụdị na ọ dịghị ọhụrụ nuklia ike osisi ruo ọtụtụ afọ. Orthodox mkpebi e mere n'okpuru nrụgide nke ọnọdụ na ọha na eze. Ọzọ merenụ gosiri na enweghị nuklia ike na a mba ahụ n'ozuzu ike-akụzi. Ịkpata ọdachi ileghara, ileghara nke usoro nchebe ize ndụ nwere, akara nke bụ agaghị ekwe omume.

Tatar NPP - akụkọ ụlọ

N'ihi na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-ewu na Tatarstan nnukwu ulo oru ụlọ ọrụ, dị ka "Nizhnekamsk chemical factory", ụgbọala ibu "Kamaz", "Nizhnekamenskshina", ndị ọchịchị na-atụle nke nke na-amụba ume ọkọnọ na mpaghara ebe ọ bụ na 1978. Nuclear ike ojii nke oge ahụ nọ wuru n'ebe niile, n'ihi ya, e kpebiri-ewu a nuclear ike osisi na iri ise kilomita site Nizhnekamsk, ebe mbụ e a obodo Kamskie Polyana.

Tatar NPP oru ngo e mepụtara alaka "Atomteploelektroprokta" na Riga, izugbe ngo rụworo "Kamgesenergostroy". N'ihi na ndị na-ewu nke ndị chọrọ nlereanya oru ngo, nke ugbua na e wuru na ejikwara "Balakovo", "Chornobyl NPP" me ka oru ngo na-egosi Khmelnytsky, Volgodonsk ebe, nakwa dị ka na-ahụkarị uko na Bashkir Crimea NPP.

Malite nke ewu mere na 1980, zubere egbe nke mbụ unit a ga-enwe na 1992, ihe fọdụrụ ike osisi zubere iji dị ka n'oge na-adịghị dị ka dị. Isi ọrụ e rụrụ na 1988, isi obodo investments dịrị 288 nde rubles, na-eri nke na-ewu na-arụ ọrụ na-eme atụmatụ na 96 nde rubles. Dị ka draft, Tatar NPP bụ inwe ndị a ike nke 4,000 MW, nke eme anọ ngwa agha.

-Akpali mmasị, na pịa mgbe niile na ikwu akụkọ banyere emechaghi ike ojii. Dị ka asịrị, ọ e zubere iji wụnye 12 reactors. N'ihi na ha tụnyere, kasị ike na Europe, Zaporizhzhya NPP na-onwem na naanị 6 reactors na ya ike bụ 6000 MW.

nchekwaba

Na 1990 ụlọ kpamkpam kwụsịrị. N'oge ahụ, Tatar NPP dị njikere maka ikpeazụ ogbo nke ọrụ. Zubere mezue ndị na-ewu nke chernobyl ogige, na engine ụlọ nke mbụ na nke abụọ nkeji, tọrọ ntọala efere nke chernobyl ogige nke atọ ike, olulu a kwadebere maka nke atọ na nke anọ ike nkeji.

Dị ka mgbe ẹdude zubere ewu, a nzọụkwụ pụtara ikpeazụ nke erection ihe Tatar osisi. Construction kwụsịrị kpam kpam. Na mgbakwunye na ebe, bụ obodo dị njikere maka ike engineering - Kamskie Polyana, ndutịm ụlọ, Inyeaka njikere ji esi mmiri ọkụ, melite mkpọda dam, wuru-akwado ọrụ. Ndi-akwadebe napụta ha mmanụ nuklia na a ogbo ma na e nwere ichebe ihe. Ebe ọ bụ na mmanụ ụgbọala na-adịghị napụtara, mgbagwoju ya onwe ya bụ bụghị a radiological odachi.

Tatar NPP - bụghị naanị ncheta nke "udo atọm" ofụri mbụ Union n'otu oge e oyi kpọnwụrụ maka banyere iri na ise nuclear ike osisi dị iche iche nkebi nke ewu.

Mere mmechi

April 17, 1990, e bipụtara otu iwu gọọmenti nyere nke Tatarstan "Na cessation nke ndị na-ewu nke mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ Tatar NPP". Ihe mere ịkwụsị ewu kọrọ na ọdụ dị na Kama kpatara mpaghara, ji tectonic ọrụ. Kwuo okwu a n'oge na-adịghị enen nke nganu uche ala ọma jijiji Zakamye.

Ma ọtụtụ mmadụ na-eche: isi ihe mere na Tatar NPP ewu ahụ kwụsịrị, a na ọdachi na Chernobyl, nke mere na 1986. A ịrịba ama ọrụ na nke a nke na-egwuri a na-elekọta mmadụ ije. Against ọsọ nke ihe atọm ihe esonyerela ọbụna na-adịgide adịgide ọjọọ nzukọ. Ọbụna mgbe o doro anya na ndị na-ezughị ezu na-ewu nke nkume ga-ada na mmefu ego, na njikọ na nke Republic-edu ndú ka gbalịrị ịchọta ọzọ na ojiji maka ihe.

E nwere echiche, atụmatụ na oru ngo, ọbụna reshaping nuklia ike osisi na a hydroelectric osisi, ebe eke ike isi mmalite eji. The oru ngo bụ n'okpuru mkpakorita, na Soviet Union malitere nsogbu ndị ọzọ - na-agbanwe agbanwe ego na usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.

Na n'oge gara aga na-enweghị a ga-eme n'ọdịnihu

Hapuru akụrụngwa ya Tatar NPP - a ihe nke mmefu nke Republican mmefu ego, ma ibu nsogbu obodo. Kama Glade, ebe biri na-ewu ụlọ na-eme n'ọdịnihu ọrụ nke na-emezughị ojii. Ọ dị mkpa ka na-enye ọrụ. Projects mere a otutu. Otu n'ime ha na-azọrọ na-ike a obodo dabeere na-egwu ya edekọ mpaghara, ma echiche nke n'iyi n'ihi na nke moratorium. Ndị na-esonụ ikpe adịghị obere na-adọrọ adọrọ: ókèala ndị nuclear ike osisi ike a ohere maka njem egwuregwu, quests, jiri ohere ojii iji njem.

Number nke oru na amụma na-edozi isi nsogbu - enweghị ike na-echekwa ya na Republic idu ndú mgbe nile ọhụrụ ntụle iji tụtee mmadụ ewu nke ihe ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka Tatar Nuclear Ike Osisi (Republic of Tatarstan). Mgbalị ndị e mere na 2003 na 2005, ma na gburugburu ebe obibi dị iche iche anọgide vetoed amaghị.

ebibi ihe ịda mbà n'obi

Ụfọdụ mkpọ NPP (Kostroma, Bashkir) mgbe ida nke USSR nọgidere na itule mpempe akwụkwọ nke ụlọ ọrụ "Rosenergoatom", Tatar NPP Switched Republican Tatarstan itule. Ma ọ bụrụ na otu na-enye ego maka ya chekwara ihe na maximally chebe akụ na ụba na-enwe ike ịmaliteghachi ewu n'oge ọ bụla, na Tatarstan mkpa a na-hụrụ. N'ihi ya, nuclear ike osisi ndị hụrụ wetara iche gratuitous ụlọ ihe, nonferrous ọla aka iwulite looters "azụmahịa".

Kasị nke township na-arụ ọrụ ná mba ọzọ, ọtụtụ n'ime ha hapụrụ Nizhnekamsk, Kazan. Onye nọ na onu ọkachamara gaa n'ebe ugwu ụlọ. The dum n'ókèala nke mbụ nuklia ike osisi na gburugburu wuru-elu ohere yiri a mọ obodo ma ọ bụ Mpaghara si nchụàjà site Strugatsky ụmụnna, ebe ke ererimbot ẹsịn hapụrụ Nlereanya nke Soviet Union.

Iji ma ọ bụ ghara inwe

Na November 2013, e mere ka ọha site Russia ọchịchị na mpaghara mmepe atụmatụ na ike mgbagwoju, ebe isi mesiri ike bụ na ndị na-ewu ọhụrụ nuklia ike osisi na hydroelectric ike osisi. The plan haziri ruo mgbe 2030, mmalite nke ya, mmejuputa iwu bụ ugbua anya na ọtụtụ ebe nke obodo. Tartar NPP na-kwuru a akwụkwọ dị ka ihe enịm ke n'elu-ebute ụzọ ọhụrụ na-ewu.

Dị ka atụmatụ kwupụtara site ndụ na-alaghachikwuru Kamskie ubi mgbe Tatar osisi ga-amaliteghachi. The resumption nke owuwu malitere na-ekpocha saịtị na a ga-dechara na 2030 mgbe ọdụ na-agba ọsọ na zuru ike. The mbụ unit na ndokwa maka igba egbe na 2026.

Ma ajụjụ banyere ebe nke ebe, ka na-akpatara ndị ọzọ egwu karịa mma mmetụta. Tectonically ifịk Kamsky kpatara akwụsịbeghị, ndị na-esi nke mbibi nke a nuclear ike osisi na-mara na "kwupụtara" empirically, na-ekwe ọzọ ọdachi ọ dịghị onye chọrọ. Civil otu oru na echiche ndị mmadụ na-na ihu ọma nke-ekpochapụ ndị na-ewu. Nye a definitive azịza nke ajụjụ: ebe ga-ewu a nuclear ike osisi Tatar, ọ dịghị onye nwere ike na obi ike zuru ezu. Kama Glade - ezigbo nhọrọ, ma onye nwere ike shrug anya eke ihe na echiche nke ndị bi na mpaghara.

Mkpebi ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị - nuclear ọrụ

Agụụ mmekọahụ na-agba ọsọ elu gburugburu ụlọ, ma ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị aka radioecology na-arụ ụka na mgbe Chernobyl na Fukushima technology e mma, larịị nke nche-enye gị ohere ka nuclear rectors n'ebe ọ bụla na-adịghị na-nwetụrụ ehi ehi. Nuclear ike bụ ndị kasị dịrị nchebe ka ụbọchị technology. Ọ na-kweere na CHP na hydropower osisi mmebi ọzọ, na ulo oru na mmepụta nke ụfọdụ n'ógbè Russia na Tatarstan, gụnyere nwere a ukwuu larịị nke ize ndụ nke mbibi nke ihe niile dị ndụ na ihe omume nke a ọdachi na osisi.

The ikpeazụ esemokwu na ihu ọma nke machibido ndị na-ewu bụ seismic odachi nọ n'ógbè nke owuwu nke ihe Tatar NPP. Ọkà mmụta sayensị kweere na nsogbu bụ kwa ikwubiga okwu ókè, nyekwa ihe nlereanya nke ndị dị mma na ime ihe nke nuclear ike osisi na Kola Peninsula, Armenia, ebe ndị dị otú a n'ihe ize ndụ yikarịrị, na seismic ọrụ e gosiri ihe karịrị otu ugboro. Ikekwe ochie oru ngo ke izute ugbu a nsogbu, na-ahụkarị uko ojii na-eche a ọhụrụ larịị nke nche, nke nwere ike inye na nke ugbu a larịị nke technology development.

Iji tụtee mmadụ ma ọ bụ a ọhụrụ oru ngo?

Ajụjụ bụ, ebe ga-ewu Tatar NPP ruo mgbe kpebiri na ihu ọma nke Kama Glades. Construction ada n'elu "Rosenergoatom". Dị ka ọhụrụ oru ngo ike nke osisi ga ikere 2,300 MW, nke ga-enye abụọ ngwa agha nke 1150 MW. Ochie version nke na-ewu, ọ dịghị onye ga-alọghachi, ma na-eji akụrụngwa nke foduru dị mkpa, ya ụgwọ ụfọdụ akwụ ụgwọ. Praịm eri nke a ngo na-eme atụmatụ na n'agbata afọ 20 na 48 ijeri dollar.

na-akwado

Construction nke nuclear ike osisi mgbe niile resonates, ọ bụghị isịneke, na Tatar NPP. The resumption nke owuwu welitere a oké ifufe ke otu. E nwere ma na-akwado na-emegide. The mkpa maka owuwu nke osisi gosi na ngwa mmepe Zakamja. Na aku na uba na mpaghara na Yelabuga district atụmatụ iwuru otu narị na iri atọ nke ike-kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ na ulo oru osisi, e nwere nnukwu atụmatụ maka mmepe nke ulo oru mmepụta ke Naberezhnye Chelny, ọ na-achọ ike na-emepe emepe Petrochemical ụlọ ọrụ na Nizhnekamsk, na Mendeleevsk zubere ewu nke abụọ ogbo nke osisi "ammonium". Izute na-eto eto mkpa-achọ ọnụ ala ike.

Na-akwado echiche nke nuclear ike osisi na-agba ọsọ na-elekwasị anya na aku na uba na akụrụngwa nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu ọdịmma nke Tatarstan na na nchekwa nke nuclear ike. Ke adianade do, nuklia ike ga-edozi nsogbu nke na-enweghị ọrụ na Kama Glades. Taa ke obodo nke ihe 15.700 bi, ọtụtụ n'ime ndị bi na-amanye na-achọ ọrụ dị anya ná mpụga obodo. Power injinia na-arụ ọrụ na-ebiliri ibe na dị iche iche na-ewu na saịtị ma ọ bụ ọbụna na-akwaga na mpaghara na search of mma ndụ. Launching ụgbọ bụghị naanị na ọrụ maka nile bi, ma dịkwuo inflow nke oru agha, na mgbe ahụ site na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke bi 600 puku ndị mmadụ.

emegide

Against ndị na-ewu nke nuklia ike osisi ndị nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ndị nkịtị ụmụ amaala. The arụmụka bụ seismic odachi, nke nwere ike ime ka leakage na ofufe nke buru ibu na mpaghara, ọnwụ nke ndụ na a ụmụ mmadụ bijupụtara ebe. Ndị na-esi nke ọdachi nwere ike kọwara, ma ọ gaghị ekwe omume gbakọọ niile weere, karịsịa ke ogologo okwu. The Chernobyl ọdachi, na taa ọnọde a na-akụda na anya, n'agbanyeghị na-emesi obi ike nke ukara Ukrainian ọchịchị n'ụzọ zuru ezu dị ọcha mpaghara.

Ọzọ arụmụka a moratorium na ndị na-ewu a na-akpọ ọnụnọ nke ọtụtụ ume na isi mmalite ndị dị gburugburu ógbè na ulo oru ụlọ ọrụ. Karịsịa, mgbe na Nizhnekamsk HPP, anaghị arụ ọrụ na zuru ike. Igbo hydroelectric dam ka larịị nke 68 mita (ugbu a na 63 m.), Ga-amụba ike 1248 MW oru ngo. (Ugbu 450 MW.).

Ọzọkwa, ụfọdụ ndị na-emegide na-ekwu na ọhụrụ nke ume onwe nke na mpaghara nwere ike na-amalite na Tatar NPP, na aka ịtụte ojii n'obodo Dimitrovgrad. Gịnị bụ Tatar NPP taa - bụ ebibie ụlọ, nanị akụkụ dị nta, nke na-echekwara na ike n'ezi ihe na naanị n'ihi na i nwere ike ime ihe mgbatị bụ naanị eduzi na bọmbụ. Na Dimitrovgrad, ruo mgbe na-adịbeghị anya, ejikwara ngwa agha 8, nzube ha bụ nnyocha na agha.

Ugbu a, e nwere nanị abụọ, dum akụrụngwa a n'ụzọ zuru ezu kwadebere, pụrụ iche arụmọrụ na-ahụ na ego na-eri nke akakabarede bụ chọrọ. Ọ na-akpọ ole na ole iji dozie nsogbu nke na-enye ume n'otu oge accusing "Rosatom" na lobbying maka ọdịmma ha ka mebie na mpaghara.

Voice nke ndị mmadụ

The ọtụtụ n'ime ndị bi na-ahụ gwuo egwu egwu ka idokwa nuclear reactors na ozugbo obi, butere nzukọ megide iji tụtee mmadụ ojii. Construction Tatar NPP ọtụtụ mgbe aghọta na-ezighị ezi.

The mba ẹkenịmde nzukọ ke kasị elu larịị, na-arụ ọrụ na ndị bi na nkọwa nke nchekwa nke oge a nuclear technology, nke zubere iji Tatar NPP oru ngo. Mamadysh, Naberezhnye Chelny na ndị ọzọ isi obodo nke Tatarstan ọtụtụ n'ime ndị bi na-adịghị na-egosipụta ihe na-akwado oru ngo. Na nke a, ha niile chọrọ ibi a region na elu ibi ndụ. Mgbe unyi anaghị agbasa na ọjọọ n'agbanyeghị.