The akụkụ nke ibé. Ibu na-akanye ibé

E nwere ọtụtụ ụdị nke ibé. Ha na-ekewa dị ka nzube: ntọala, n'ihi na ala, nēbu; ihe: ígwè, osisi, ihe. N'ọnọdụ ka ukwuu, ndị niile na ozi tọrọ ala na designation nke mmewere, ma ọ bụ ihe kwere nghọta naanị ọkachamara. Iji chọpụta ihe a na-zoro n'azụ ndebiri nke aha, olee otú ị maara akụkụ nke ibé iji chọpụta arọ, i kwesịrị iwere, tụlee isi edemede nke na-ewu na ngwaahịa.

echiche

Doo - kwụ support mmewere nke bughi usoro enwe si otu na ọtụtụ ihe nke support. Ọ nwere ike na-ekpuchi otu (gbawara n'etiti), na ọtụtụ flights (uncut). The ihe nke okporo osisi na-ekewa:

• Dara (ígwè).
• Wood.
• Mesikwuru ihe.

Ha na-eji na-ewu ka ibu-amị akụkụ, na-arụ ọrụ na-ekwe, na n'ibu (e.g., dị ka akụkụ nke na-efefe n'elu kreenu).

metal ibé

The kasị otu. Nhazi ọkwa, na nke i nwere ike inwe a n'ozuzu echiche nke metal ibé:

1. Na-arụ ọrụ na atụmatụ:

1.1. Single-adịru (gbawara n'etiti).

1.2. Multispan (uncut).

1.3. Cantilever (otu nkwado n'ụdị pụọ n'iji ụgwọ).

Egbutusị ndị kasị adaba n'ihi na rụpụta na nzukọ ka tụnyere multi-iwuli elu. Na-aga n'ihu ibé ọ bụ ihe amamihe ka on a pụrụ ịdabere na nkwado, ebe e nweghị ihe ize ndụ nke mkpumkpu subsidence.

2. Na ngalaba na-ele :

2.1. Inyefe (odnotavrovye, I-doo, cross-ihe-ubi).

2.2. Components: welded, bolted, riveted.

The kasị nkịtị na ojiji nke I-ibé na-atụle - ha mfe Nlụpụta na vasatail eji. Ọzọkwa, ọ bụ ha na-atụle.

Kwa m na-doo

Metal ngwaahịa na-akwanyere ya ùgwù site ha pụrụ ịdabere na elu oru arụmọrụ. I-ibé - sokwa. Ha nwe udi nke ogologo ngwaahịa, na mmepụta a rụrụ dị ka nkọwa. N'aka nke ya, nkọwa na-dabere na ihe ndị a chọrọ ka-zutere site na doo GOST 535-2005 "akpọrepu mmanya ngwaahịa na bughi ngalaba nke carbon ígwè nkịtị quality" na-achịkwa ha.

Site ụdị doo profaịlụ nwere ike ịbụ:

1) yiri racks:

1.1) Nkịtị (b).

1.2) na a dịgasị shelf (W).

1.3) nke kọlụm (K).

Na aha nke ngwaahịa na profaịlụ na-ele na-mgbe na-ezoro ezo. Ka ihe atụ, doo 20b1 eburu ndị dị otú ahụ akụkụ: elu 20 cm, D - nkịtị, shelf obosara - 100 mm (10 cm).

2) esịtidem echiche ọjọọ chere ihu:

2.1) Nkịtị - 6-12% grajentị.

2.2) Specific: M - maka nghọta rails nke cranes na ndị ọzọ na ngwá (≤12%).

2.3) - maka mkwado m akụ (≤16%)

Doo abụọ-ịkụ gọlfụ: Akụkụ na ibu ibu

Ndị a ụkpụrụ adabere na onye ọ bụla ọzọ, nakwa dị ka ụdị nke ígwè, etinyere maka mmepụta. Iji kọwaa ha, ị ga-eji a Nchọgharị table. Ebe ahụ ha?

E nwere assortments dabeere na GOST 8239-89, 19425-74, 26020-83. Site ụdị profaịlụ, họrọ ihe kwesịrị ekwesị table, na ọ dị mkpa akụkụ nke ibé, nke ọ bụla kpọmkwem ikpe a nyere ọtụtụ ngwaahịa na 1 mita. Nke a bara uru na-atụle ga a kwuru okwu ya, na-eji na ngụkọta oge, ma n'ezie nwere ike iche ubé si n'ezie (ma ọ bụrụ na mmepụta a na-rụrụ dị ka tu).

Dị ka ihe atụ: doo 20b1. Agwaogwa nke nha: elu - 200 mm Obosara - 100 mm, mgbidi ọkpụrụkpụ - 5.6 mm, shelves size - 8.5 mm, na okirikiri nke curvature nke dị n'ime onu - 12 mm.

Doo abụọ-ịkụ gọlfụ, ebe size na ibu ibu na-nyere na table, na benchmark maka nke a ụdị. Mgbe ịzụ a ngwaahịa na emeputa na iwu ji ya inye ozi na n'ezie kwa nke ndị ọcha nke ahịa.

osisi ibé

Ndị akacha eji na-ewu ụlọ dị ka ihe overlapping ala, ala, uko gụchara oyi akwa dị ka akụkụ nke truss, ntụhie maka n'elu ụlọ ngwaọrụ. Mmewere bụ a osisi nke akụkụ anọ ngalaba na parameters ukpụhọde - nke 140-250 mm n'obosara - 50-160 mm. Ogologo nwere ike ịdị iche iche site 2 to 5 mita (ewepu uru amị).

Dị ka ihe ndị mejupụtara osisi nwere ike ịbụ ma siri ike ma ọ bụ glued (multilayer). N'ihi na mmepụta iji conifers, ebe ha nwere ezi ekwedo na-ekwe na-arụ ọrụ, nke bụ ihe dị mkpa maka ebu kwụ ọcha.

Osisi ibé akụkụ-adabere na ibu n'ọdịnihu overlapping, na ụdị nke na-ejuputa na olu nke akụrụngwa (heaters, Nakata), ịdị ukwuu nke na-adịru. All ndị a kwa na-usoro GOST 4981-87 "ibé osisi ala."

Special atụmatụ

Tupu itinye na osisi ọcha nlezianya-emeso ya na antiseptik formulations na gbochie putrefaction microorganisms na òké mmebi, na-enwekwu ndị ọkụ na-eguzogide nke mbadamba.

overlapping ọcha n'ịnyịnya na a n'ụzọ pụrụ iche mere ndokwa akwu mgbe ndinọ masonry ma site notching elu mgbidi nke okpueze Ọdịdị dị iche iche e ji osisi na ihe. Echichi na-mere si na oké Central doo ya. The akwụkwọ terminus na-bụghị mkpumkpu karịa 15 cm.

• Mgbe Ịtọ elu osisi mgbidi free nsọtụ na-egbutu site 60 ^0, emeso ya na antiseptics ma na-echebe roofing chere ma ọ bụ roofing chere.
• Mgbe imechi ibé na masonry, ọgwụgwụ nke osisi a ga-Fikiere ma usoro bitumen, iji gbochie ya rere ere.
• Wet gbasara ohere niche na mgbidi kwesịrị a okpomọkụ. Ịnwere ike ịhazi a osisi igbe.
• ijide n'aka na-ahapụ a ventilashion duct na oké mgbidi na nke ga-ewepụ mmiri si free ọgwụgwụ.
• Mgbe mkpa mgbidi (abụọ brik) ohere na niches ekwe ka jupụta na ciment ngwa agha.
• Na n'ime mgbidi nke doo-etinye na obi oyi akwa.

Doo nwere ike dochie anya a doo, na dayameta nke nke kwekọrọ na elu nke akụkụ anọ cross ngalaba mmewere. Ọ bụ echekwa na okwu nke ịzụ ihe, ma ọ bụ uru na-echeta na fixation a ga-eme na a n'ụzọ pụrụ iche na enyemaka nke arịlịka agbakwunyere na mgbidi.

mesikwuru ihe doo

Ọtụtụ-eji nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ na-ewu nke residential na ụlọ ọha.

Were ibé na ọtụtụ afọ, nwere ike na-ewere a isi nkewa na nzube na ụdị cross-ngalaba na a oge:

• Foundation. Ha na-eji na-ewu nke ndị dị n'okpuru ala nke ulo oru ụlọ ọrụ na residential ụlọ ke ebe nke elu seismic ọrụ. Nwere a T ekara profaịlụ na cross ngalaba ma ọ bụ a trapezoid.
• Dual truss ma ọ bụ dabere na-ụlọ na usoro na-emechi-apụ ngwaọrụ na ulo oru na-arụ ọrụ ugbo okụre. Nwere projections maka idozi na rails.
• Akụkụ anọ ibé na dị iche iche configurations (odnotavry, I-ibé, L- na T ekara profaịlụ) na-eji na-yitewere jikọrọ abụọ abụọ facades, n'ala ruo 18 mita.

The akụkụ nke ibé na-adabere na nzube ha na-enwe dị iche iche kwa. Ka ihe atụ, truss owuwu nwere a ogologo ruo 24 m, na ndị nkịtị n'ala ọcha nwere ike ịdabere na Itie 18 m. The ọzọ kwa na-ekpebisi ike n'otu n'otu n'ihi na onye ọ bụla ngwaahịa.

Akụkụ joists nwere ike dị na State Standard ma ọ bụ directories si kpọmkwem Nsukka, dị ka ha nwere ike ịdị iche iche. GOST 20372-90 "ibé na truss mesikwuru podstropilnye" na-akọwa dị mkpa na ngwaahịa, ihe na mkwado Ọdịdị, a ndabere, ụlọ ọrụ n'ịwa tu.

isi ngụkọta oge

All rụrụ na Soviet oge e kewara usoro. E nwere etozu catalogs ihe, nke depụtara niile na ụdị na nha nke blocks, ibé, slabs, arụpụtara ke ụlọ mmepụta ihe dị iche iche na mpaghara. The tabular nchịkọta ọkọnọ akụkụ nke n'akụkụ nile nke ọcha, ha gbakọọ ibu ibu. Nke a akwụkwọ na-akọ otú anya ike ga-eji dị ka a akwụkwọ maka imewe nke ụlọ, ma ndị injinia na-chọrọ tụnyere data si ihe ọnụnọ nke ndị dị otú ahụ na ngwaahịa na taa suppliers.

E nwere ọtụtụ ụkpụrụ, nke ghọgburu ibé nke mesikwuru ihe. Akụkụ ga izute ndị na-esonụ ibiere:

1. The elu bụ dịkarịa ala 5% nke ogologo nke overlapped na-adịru.
2. The obosara nke doo kpebisiri ike ruru 5: 7 (obosara elu).
3. Mkwado ngwaahịa emepụta site Scheme 2 n'okpuru na n'elu mkpanaka (sag eguzogide). Iji ozu ígwè mkpara na a dayameta nke 12-14 mm.

N'ihi ya, ọ bụ omume na-ekpebi doo akụkụ chọrọ maka otu akụkụ.