The Amu Darya River - mmiri akwara nke ise na-ekwu

The Amu Darya River - kasị mmiri na Central Asia. Ogologo ya dị 1.415 kilomita, mgbe ndị na-egwu mmiri mmiri oriri - Bole 309.000 square kilomita. Ọ na-aga site na ise mba: Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan na Kyrgyzstan. River na Pyandj Vahsh etolite anọ na. Isi eruba a kpụrụ na Tajikistan - 85% na Northern Afghanistan - 15%. Amu Darya aga n'ime Aral Sea, nso nke Nleta a Delta. The osimiri nwere 3 nnukwu nri tributaries: Sherabad, Kafirnigan na Surkhandarya. E nwere obere ekpe tributary - Kunduz. Ike ruo n'osimiri ice na meltwater. 80% mmiri 36 na-gbanwee na olu nke ọdọ 24 ijeri cubic mita. Kwa afọ eruba nke osimiri - 73,6 km ^3. Oke eruba ọnụego - ke ndaeyo, nke kacha nta na - na January na February.

Economic mkpa nke Amu Darya

Nke a osimiri dị oké mkpa ka nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na ya na efere. Ya mmiri a na-eji anụ ụlọ eji, na ọkụ eletrik na ọgbọ, ugbo, ọṅụṅụ na ulo oru eji. Na ala esịmde nke osimiri na floodplain ọdọ mmiri nke obodo azu. Na obodo nke Turkmenabat nke ebe Amu Darya osimiri bụ navigable. Mmiri nke kasị akụkụ mesoo agriculture maka mmiri, dị ka nke a ọrụ bụ ihe dị mkpa oru nke aku nke niile ise mba - ruo 35% nke GDP. Ihe atụ, na Afghanistan, 80% nke ndị bi na-arụrụ ọrụ na a mpaghara. Karịa ihe ọ bụla ọzọ na-ewe iji agriculture Turkmenistan na Uzbekistan - ruo 40%. Na Amu Darya wuru nnukwu n'ụwa ọwa - Karakum, tinyere nke e nwere nnukwu ubi nke ọka wit na owu. Ọzọkwa, na a otutu toro melons.

akụkọ

The osimiri a mara ebe oge immemorial. The oge ochie Greek ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere Herodotus dere na Amu Darya n'oge ochie n'ọnụ 40 wee n'ime apiti na nwere 360 ọwa, ma naanị otu onye uwe-asọpụta n'ime Caspian Sea. Ma oge a ndị ọkà mmụta chọpụtara na mmiri esịmde naanị Sarykamysh ọdọ. N'ihi ya, ihe ọmụma nke oge ochie chronicler na-eleghị anya dabeere na onu omenala. Amu n'oge ochie na-eyi ọtụtụ aha. Zoroastrians kpọrọ ya Vakhsh, argali, ma ọ bụ Raha Ranh. Ndị Grik oge ochie a na-akpọ Aras. Na na oge nke na-emeri n'agha nke Aleksandra Makedonskogo River nwe aha Oksos. On bịara n'ikperé mmiri nke Amu Darya enịm oké ekwu n'oge ochie: Khorezm, Bactria na Sogdiana. Na Middle Ages na Amu Darya e erekwa ụzọ si Russia ka Bukhara. Peter m gbalịrị ike na-agụnye na Russian River ahia. N'oge ahụ, ọ nọ na-enyocha Amu Darya osimiri. Map nke oge nnọọ ezi. Ịhazi ọmụmụ nke osimiri malitere naanị na XX narị afọ. N'otu oge ahụ, anyị malitere iji na-edebe ihe ndị mejupụtara nke mmiri.

gburugburu

Na Amu Darya na afọ iri gara aga na ọ mụbara ibu mere ka a nkọ arịa ọrịa na ndị mejupụtara nke mmiri. Ọzọkwa, e nwere ihe ahaghị nhata. The Amu Darya River ka ụbọchị na-egosi mkpu parameters mineralization na ekweghị ekwe. Ka ihe atụ, na 1940 godu mmiri ekweghị ekwe bụ 4.2 mg.ekv / liter. Na 90 nke afọ - 9. Na taa - 9.8 mg.ekv / liter. nnu ịta na-adabere na oge. Ndị a na-egosi na-akpata oke-agbapụta n'ahụ n'ime osimiri ezinụlọ na ulo oru mmiri, dịkwa mkpa n'elu effluents na umu anwuru si osimiri arịa. Dị ka osimiri na-aga site na n'ókèala ọtụtụ mba, nsogbu nke ya ọgwụgwọ - a mgbagwoju mgbalị. Ka ụbọchị, ọchịchị nke ise mba mere atụmatụ na aka contracts.

azu

Fish na-achọta ke ala esịmde nke osimiri na ọdọ mmiri na Amu Darya Basin. Isi mmepụta na-akụ azụ - a azu kaapu, salmon, chub, barbel na aha ya bụ Marinka. Ma na elu esịmde, kwa ihe dị mma ịkụ azụ - Osman, nke na-anọchi nke trout osimiri. Nke a lekwasịrị umu, ma na-hụrụ ihe karịrị otu narị dị iche iche ụdị na mmiri nke Amu Darya. Aha ya bụ Marinka barbel na Ottoman - bụ nnọọ pụrụ iche e kere eke na-hụrụ tumadi na Amu Darya. Ha nwere antennae na-achọ a na-eri anụ na Ndụ Ọjọọ mmiri. Osman iche barbel na aha ya bụ Marinka na ya na ọdụ na n'akụkụ na-kpuchie na obere akpịrịkpa, obere, nnọọ iferi n'afọ, na e nwere 2 ọzọ nke. N'ịkụ azụ na Amu Darya-agba site na May ka October. Ị nwere ike enwetaghị a spinning, Nwainyinya na poludonkami.

njem

Ha hụrụ n'anya na-abịa ebe a rafting. Na Amu Darya na Syr Darya bụ mara mma na nke a - e nwere ọtụtụ na-akpali ebe. The ụzọ amalite ole na ole kilomita site Tashkent. alloy elu ke ufọt ufọt September na October. Ndị hụrụ ihe mere eme na njem bịa ebe a si n'ụwa nile na-enwe mmasị dị ebube obodo oge ochie na gara Amudarya Reserve. ọtụtụ onodu ubochi zones dị n'akụkụ bịara n'ikperé mmiri nke osimiri, desert, ọkara desert na ugwu. Na mpaghara a ndụ humped na abụọ-humped camel, na-edepụtara dị ka nọ n'ihe ize ndụ snow agụ owuru. Ke adianade do, na-emi odude a ọrụ ebube Mollakara ọdọ, ebe ọtụtụ ọrịa na-gwọrọ. Ebe a ozugbo blossomed obodo oge ochie nke oge Alexander Onye Ukwu - Nisa. Amu Darya - ebighi-ebi mmasi nke akụkọ ihe mere eme.